Diseases

Done By: Keshan Moosai, Varun Maraj, Ashish Santhosh, Kevon Baal,
Shivum Gaya
Class: 2V

What is a Disease?

A disease can be defined as an abnormal

condition or state of the body that prevents it or
any part of the body from functioning properly.
Diseases have different causes, effects and
treatments. Diseases can also be defined as;
Infectious Diseases and Non- Infectious Diseases.

Infectious diseases
Infectious diseases are caused by viruses and
microorganisms such as: bacteria, fungi and
protists .Agents that cause infectious diseases are
called germs or pathogens. These pathogens cause
diseases by damaging or killing the host cells.
Infectious diseases can be spread from one
person to another by:
1). Touching
2).Droplet contact
3).Oral transmitted (Through contaminated
food or water)

Dengue fever
Dengue feveris an infectious,mosquito-bornedisease.
Symptoms include high fever, headache, vomiting
andmuscleandjoint pains. Sometimes the disease
develops into the life-threateningdengue hemorrhagic
fever, resulting inbleeding,low levels of platelets, or
dengue shock syndrome, wheredangerously low blood
pressureoccurs. Since Dengue is a vector -borne
disease, people have decided to reduce possible
habitats for prevention and used vaccination for both
anti- dote and prevention.

Non- Infectious Diseases

Non- Infectious Diseases cannot be
transmitted from person to person because
they are not caused by pathogens. NonInfectious diseases could be caused by:
1).Environment
2).Lifestyle
3).Genetically Linked

 Environmental Diseases
Environmental Diseases are caused by
environmental factors such as exposure to
chemicals, radiation, polluted air and
contaminated liquids. An example of an
environmental disease is Hay Fever

Hay Fever
Hay fever is an allergy caused by pollen or
dust from the environment. Symptoms
include: a runny nose with clear mucus,
sneezing, nose or eye itching. Treatments are:
medication or avoidance of the environment
that causes this.

Lifestyle Diseases
Lifestyle diseases are caused by your
lifestyle (the way you manage your time,
hobbies, addictions etc) hence the name
Lifestyle diseases. An example of a lifestyle
disease is Lung Cancer

Lung Cancer
Lung Cancer is believed to be caused by
smoking by damaging the cells that line the
lungs and the liver. The smoke of the
cigarette is full of carcinogens (cancer
causing substances). Eventually cancer may
develop. A few symptoms are: coughing up
blood, wheezing, and losing weight without
trying. Treatments are: surgery, drug therapy
or radiation therapy.

Genetically Linked Diseases

Genetically Linked Diseasesis a genetic
problem caused by one or moreabnormalities
in the genome, especially a condition that is
present from birth.

Downs syndrome
Downs syndrome is a disorder from a
chromosome defect, having three copies of
chromosome 21, instead of the usual two
copies. Downs syndrome is associated with
mental retardation, weak muscle tone in
infancy, increased risk of heart defects, etc.
There is no single, standard treatment but a
child will likely receive care from a team of
health professionals.