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Period2nd
April11th2016
Genomes,Chromosomes,andDNAWebQuest
Topic:GenomesandChromosomes
1.
Whatisagenome?
Agenomeisanorganism'scompletesetofDNA(includingallofitsgenes)
Eachgenomecontainsinfoneededtobuildandmaintainorganism
2.
Onthelefthandside,clickoncellsandDNA.Explorethissitetoanswerthefollowing
questions:
a.
Whatisachromosome?
InnucleusofacelltheDNAmoleculeisinthreadlikestructuresthosearechromosomes
TheyaremadeupofDNAtightlycoiledmanytimesaroundproteinscalledhistonesthat
supportthestructure
b.
Whenarechromosomesvisible?
Aren'tvisibleincellsnucleus
TheDNAthatmakesupchromosomesbecomesmoretightlypackedduringcelldivision
andthenyoucanseeitunderamicroscope
c.
Whatisacentromere?
Acentromereisaconstrictionpointforthechromosomes,locationofthecentromere
oneachchromogivescharacteristicshapeandusedtohelpdescribelocationingenes
Dividesthechromosomesinto2sectionsorarms
ShortoneistheParm
LongoneQarm
d.
Howmanychromosomesdopeoplehave?
46,eachcellhas23pairs
3.
Whatisakaryotype?
Isanorganizedprofileofaperson'schromosomes
2chromospecifygender,XXfemaleandXYmaletherestarearrangedpairs122from
largesttosmallest
4.
Matchthechromosomestocompletethekaryotype(turnonhintsforhelp).Isthekaryotype
fromamaleorfemale?Howdoyouknow?
MariaMorenoPerez
Period2nd
April11th2016
Itsamale,maleshaveXYchromosomes
5.
Predictwhatwouldhappenifapersonhastheincorrectnumberofchromosomes.Write
yourpredictionhere.
Ifthereisaincorrectnumberthenthatmayresultingeneticdisorder
Asaclassyoudeterminedthatchromosomesmustbeduplicatedbeforethecellcandivide.
ThisprocessiscalledDNAReplication.
Topic:DNAReplication
Goto
:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/dna/shockwave.html
Click:
DNAreplication(upperleft)andthenclickunzipReadthescript,answerthequestions
below,andthen,clickOK.
1.
Inarealcell,whatdoestheDNAmoleculedobeforeitunzips?
Thecellmoleculeunwindsfromspoolsmadeofproteinthenuntwists
DNAlookslikealadder
2.
Whatmoleculesbreaktherungs(bases)apart?
Enzymes,specialproteinsmoveupladderandbreakthem
Drag
thecorrectbasesovertosynthesizethenewDNAhalves.
Readscript,answerquestions,andthenclickOK.
3.
Howmanybasepairsareintherealhumangenome?
3pairs
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
Goto
:
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/dna_double_helix/
Click
onPlayDNAGameClicknextandreadingeachpage,continuetoclicknextuntilyou
cometothegame.Clickonorganism#1andmatchthebasepairsasfastasyoucan!Itis
hard.
ClickNextandthenclickoneachorganismuntilyouidentifytheonethatbelongsto
chromosome#1continueplayingthegamewiththeothertwochromosomes,fillinginthe
chartbelow.
MariaMorenoPerez
Period2nd
April11th2016
Becareful,otherteamsmaygetdifferentresults.
Chromosome#
Howmany
chromosomes?
Howmany
basepairs?
Howmany
genes?
Whatisthe
organism?
20
2,500
22,000
HouseMouse
4.4
3,900
Mycobacterium
278
13,700
Malaria
Mosquito
Topic:Mutations
Typeofmutation
Description
Effectonresultingprotein
Substitution
Mutationtheexchangesonebase
foranother
changeacodonthatencodesa
differentaminoacidcausesmall
changeonprotein
changeacodonthatencodesthe
sameaminoacidcausenochange
changeanaminoacidcodingtostop
codoncauseincompleteprotein
Insertion
Mutationsinwhichextrabase
pairsareinsertedintonewplacein
DNA
Altergenesothatmessageisno
longercorrectlyparsed
Deletion
MutationinwhichsectionsofDNA
islostordeleted
Altergenesothatmessageisno
longercorrectlyparsed
Frameshift
CauseCodonstobeparsed
incorrectly
Generatestruncatedproteinsthatare
MariaMorenoPerez
Period2nd
April11th2016
uselessisuninformative