Security Level:

Whats LTE?
LTE Basic Principle Introduction
www.huawei.com

Name: Paul
Email:zhangbaohui2@huawei.com

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Content

LTE Background

LTE Key Technologies

LTE Network Architecture

LTE Resource Overview

LTE Market Overview

Whats LTE ?
LTE
Download speed

150M

4 minutes

3G
Download speed

14.4Mbps
Download
speed

43 minutes

2G

171.2Kbps

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

2 day

Huawei Confidential

Page 3

LTE Background Introduction

What is LTE

LTE (Long Term Evolution) is known as the evolution of

radio access technology conducted by 3GPP.
The radio access network will evolve to E-UTRAN (Evolved
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network), and the correlated
core network will evolved to SAE (System Architecture
Evolution).

What can LTE do

Flexible bandwidth configuration: supporting 1.4MHz, 3MHz,

5MHz, 10Mhz, 15Mhz and 20MHz
Peak date rate (within 20MHz bandwidth): 150Mbps for downlink
and 50Mbps for uplink
Time delay: <100ms (control plane), <5ms (user plane)
Provide 100kbps data rate for mobile user (up to 350kmph)
Support eMBMS
Circuit services is implemented in PS domain: VoIP
Lower cost due to simple system structure
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

3GPP aim to establish a new generation wireless

communication system, which beyond the access
capability of current technologies, supporting data
services with high performance, to ensure the
leadership in the future 10 years.

Page 4

LTE Background Introduction

Procedure of LTE Standardization

3GPP started LTE project in December 2004.

The SI (Study Item) was planned to finish in June 2006 but has been delayed until September 2006. Finished feasibility
research and output technical reports.
The WI (Work Item)/standard institution stage was started in September 2006. The first version was planned to finished in
September 2007 but has been delayed.
The first GA protocol version was released in the end of 2008. Protocol 36.xxx series are for LTE.
The protocol is still under consummating.
LTE SI stage

LTE WI stage

Delayed

LTE SI
LTE WI

LTE Rel8
(Approval)
2005
Dec

2006
Mar

2006
Jun

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

2006
Sep

2006
Dec

LTE Rel8
(Spec finished)
2007
Mar

2007
Jun

2007
Sep

Huawei Confidential

2007
Dec

2008
Mar

2008
Jun

2008
Sep

LTE enhancement
and improvement
2008
Dec

Page 5

2009
Mar

LTE Background Introduction

SAE Brief Introduction

SAESystem Architecture Evolutionconsiders evolution for the whole system architecture, including

Flat Functionality. Take out the RNC entity and part of the functions are arranged on e-NodeB in order to reduce the latency and
enhance the schedule ability, such as interference coordination, internal load balance, etc.

Part of the functions are arranged on core network. To enhance the mobility management, all IP technology is applied, user-plane
and control-plane are separated. The compatibility of other RAT is considered.
GERAN

SGSN

HSS

UTRAN

S6a

S3
S1-MME

MME
PCRF
S11

Rx+

S7

S10

LTE-Uu
UE

S4

EUTRAN
S1-U

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Serving
SAE
Gateway

Huawei Confidential

S5

PDN
SAE
Gateway

SGi

Page 6

Operator s IP Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)

LTE Background Introduction

SON Brief Introduction

SON (Self Organization Network) is the functions of LTE that required by the NGMN (Next Generation Mobile Network)
operators.
From the point of view of the operators benefit and experiences, the early communication systems had bad O&M
compatibility and high cost. New requirements of LTE are brought forward, mainly focus on FCAPSI (Fault, Configuration,
Alarm, Performance, Security, Inventory) management:

Self-planning and Self-configuration, support plug and play

Self-Optimization and Self-healing

Self-Maintenance

Advantages of SON

Reduce OPEX. Lower cost for operator in

planning, optimization and maintenance.
Vendor promote the sale of features and tools to
reduce the cost of network optimization after
deployment.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 7

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 8

Content

LTE Background

LTE Key Technologies

LTE Network Architecture

LTE Resource Overview

LTE Market Overview

Radio Frame Structure (1)

Radio Frame Structures Supported by LTE:

Type 1, applicable to FDD

Type 2, applicable to TDD

FDD Radio Frame Structure:

LTE applies OFDM technology, with subcarrier spacing f=15kHz and 2048-order IFFT.
The time unit in frame structure is Ts=1/(2048* 15000) second
FDD radio frame is 10ms shown as below, divided into 20 slots which are 0.5ms. One
slot consists of 7 consecutive OFDM Symbols under Normal CP configuration
One radio frame, Tf = 307200Ts = 10 ms
One slot, Tslot = 15360Ts = 0.5 ms

#0

#1

One subframe

#2

#3

#18

#19

FDD Radio Frame Structure

Concept of Resource Block:

LTE consists of time domain and frequency domain resources. The minimum unit for schedule is RB
(Resource Block), which compose of RE (Resource Element)
RE has 2-dimension structure: symbol of time domain and subcarrier of frequency domain
One RB consists of 1 slot and 12 consecutive subcarriers under Normal CP configuration

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 10

Radio Frame Structure (2)

TDD Radio Frame Structure:

Uplink-downlink Configurations

Applies OFDM, same subcarriers spacing and time unit

with FDD.

Uplink-downlink
configuration

Downlink-to-Uplink
Switch-point periodicity

0
1

Similar frame structure with FDD. radio frame is 10ms

shown as below, divided into 20 slots which are 0.5ms.

The uplink-downlink configuration of 10ms frame are

shown in the right table.

One radio frame, Tf = 307200Ts = 10 ms

Subframe number
0

5 ms

5 ms

5 ms

10 ms

10 ms

10 ms

5 ms

One half-frame, 153600Ts = 5 ms

D: Downlink subframe
U: Uplink subframe
S: Special subframe
One slot,
Tslot=15360Ts

30720Ts

Subframe #0

Subframe #2

One subframe,
30720Ts

Subframe #3

Subframe #4

Subframe #5

Subframe #7

TDD Radio Frame Structure

DwPTS

GP

DwPTS

UpPTS

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

GP

UpPTS

Page 11

Subframe #8

Subframe #9

DwPTS: Downlink Pilot Time Slot

GP: Guard Period
UpPTS: Uplink Pilot Time Slot

LTE Key Technologies- Overview

64QAM

MIMO

LTE
OFDMA

SC-FDMA

System Bandwidth

System Bandwidth
Sub-carriers

Single Carrier
Sub-frame
Sub-frame

Frequency

Frequency

Time frequency
resource for User 1

Time frequency
resource for User 1

Time frequency
resource for User 2

Time frequency
resource for User 2

Time

Time

Time frequency
resource for User 3

Time frequency
resource for User 3

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 12

OFDMA & SC-FDMA

DFT-S-OFDM & SC-FDMA

OFDM & OFDMA

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a

modulation multiplexing technology, divides the system
bandwidth into orthogonal subcarriers. CP is inserted
between the OFDM symbols to avoid the ISI.
OFDMA is the multi-access technology related with OFDM, is
used in the LTE downlink. OFDMA is the combination of
TDMA and FDMA essentially.

Advantage: High spectrum utilization efficiency due to

orthogonal subcarriers need no protect bandwidth. Support
frequency link auto adaptation and scheduling. Easy to
combine with MIMO.

Disadvantage: Strict requirement of time-frequency domain

synchronization. High PAPR.

DFT-S-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform Spread

OFDM) is the modulation multiplexing technology used
in the LTE uplink, which is similar with OFDM but can
release the UE PA limitation caused by high PAPR.
Each user is assigned part of the system bandwidth.

SC-FDMASingle Carrier Frequency Division Multiple

Accessingis the multi-access technology related with
DFT-S-OFDM.
Advantage: High spectrum utilization efficiency due to
orthogonal user bandwidth need no protect bandwidth.
Low PAPR.

The subcarrier assignment scheme includes Localized

mode and Distributed mode.

System Bandwidth
Sub-carriers

System Bandwidth

Sub-carriers

TTI: 1ms
TTI: 1ms

Frequency
Frequency

User 1
User 2

User 1

Time

Sub-band12Sub-carriers

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

User 3

Time

User 2

Sub-band12Sub-carriers

User 3

Huawei Confidential

Page 13

MIMO
Uplink MIMO

Downlink MIMO

MIMO is supported in LTE downlink to achieve spatial

multiplexing, including single user mode SU-MIMO and multi
user mode MU-MIMO.
In order to improve MIMO performance, pre-coding is used in
both SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO to control/reduce the
interference among spatial multiplexing data flows.
The spatial multiplexing data flows are scheduled to one
single user In SU-MIMO, to enhance the transmission rate
and spectrum efficiency. In MU-MIMO, the data flows are
scheduled to multi users and the resources are shared within
users. Multi user gain can be achieved by user scheduling in
the spatial domain.

Due to UE cost and power consumption, it is difficult to

implement the UL multi transmission and relative power supply.
Virtual-MIMO, in which multi single antenna UEs are associated
to transmit in the MIMO mode. Virtual-MIMO is still under study.
Scheduler assigns the same resource to multi users. Each user
transmits data by single antenna. System separates the data by
the specific MIMO demodulation scheme.
MIMO gain and power gain (higher Tx power in the same timefreq resource) can be achieved by Virtual-MIMO. Interference of
the multi user data can be controlled by the scheduler, which
also bring multi user gain.
User1

Pre-coding vectors
User1
User 1 data

User 1 data

Scheduler
User k data

User 1 data

S1

User 2 data

User k data

Pre-coder

MIMO
Decoder

User2

User2

S2

User k

User k

Scheduler
Channel Information

Channel Information

DL-MIMO
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Virtual-MIMO
Huawei Confidential

Page 14

MIMO (2/3)

LTE 4RxCoverage Gain 3dBCapacity Gain 60%

UL 4Rx helps UL coverage by

3dB

50~100%

Field Results

60%

Cell edge user experience Improved

Gain

Good RF

Poor RF

UL User
Tput

12%

62%

4Rx

2Rx

2Rx
4Rx

4Rx

2Rx

UL Cell Edge User Tput

UL cell level throughput improved

UL Cell Level Tput

Higher diversity and

array gains =>
maximize SINR
UL user performance gain:
edge > cell middle > cell center
No increase CPU load
Stable KPIs

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 15

Cell

MIMO (3/3)

LTE 4TxDL Cell Edge User Tput Gain 36%

Cell Capacity Gain 20%!
~36%

20%

Field Results
36%

improvement at cell edge

DL MAC
Throughput
(Mbps)

4Tx

2T2R 4T4R

4Tx
2Tx

2Tx

DL Cell Edge User Tput

RSRP=-119dBm

8.96

12.16

RSRP=-92dBm

25.43 33.07

DL Cell Level Tput

Array and diversity gains by using 4
antennas to transit 2 data streams

20% Ave DL user Tput improved

4x2
4Tx

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 16

CA (1/2)

CA Overview
Description
Two component carriers (CC) can be aggregated to support
wider transmission bandwidth for downlink, either contiguous
or non-contiguous .

Benefits
Improved throughput
Improved spectrum flexibility: CA with carriers in different
frequency bands

Dependency
2 RRU to support inter-band CA
Terminal support to get aggregated bandwidth.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 17

CA (2/2)

CA : Testing Result for O Operator

User Tput(Mbps)

User Tput(Mbps)

Lab Peak Rate Test

BW20M20M

18 |

Field Peak Rate Test: 290Mbps

(20M@2.6G+20M@1.8G)

100

500
0

Non-CA(BW 20M)
CA(BW: 20M+20M)
BW:10M+20M. 2*2 MIMO

Avg PCC=146Mbps
Avg SCC=144Mbps

BW10M20M

500

Avg THP=290Mbps

200

0
Non-CA(BW 10M)
CA(BW: 10M+20M)
BW:10M+20M. 2*2 MIMO

Chipset Vendor

QCT

Intel

Hisilicon

DL CA
10M+10M

2013Q2

2013Q4

2013Q3

DL CA
20M+20M

2014Q2

2013Q4

2013Q3

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Field Load Test: 290Mbps

(20M@2.6G+20M@1.8G)

Page 18

Resource Grid in Time & Frequency Domain

One uplink slot, Tslot

One downlink slot, Tslot

UL
N symb
SC-FDMA symbols

Resource block
Resource block

Resource element

k, l

UL N RB
NRB
sc

Resource element

subcarriers

UL
RB
N symb
N sc

NscRBsubcarriers

DL N RB subcarriers
NRB
sc

DL
RB
N symb
N sc
resource elements

DL
N symb
OFDM symbols
UL
l N symb
1

l 0

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 19

Scalable Bandwidth Supported

Transmission bandwidth configuration NRB in E-UTRA channel bandwidths
Channel bandwidth
BWChannel [MHz]

1.4

10

15

20

Transmission bandwidth
configuration NRB

15

25

50

75

100

Figure shows the relation between the Channel bandwidth (BWChannel) and the
Transmission bandwidth configuration (NRB).
Channel Bandwidth [MHz]
Transmission Bandwidth Configuration [RB]

Channel edge

Resource block

Channel edge

Transmission
Bandwidth [RB]

Active Resource Blocks

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

DC carrier (downlink only)

Huawei Confidential

Page 20

Achievable & Supported Peak Data Rates

Achievable LTE Peak Data Rates

UE Supported Peak Data Rates(Mbps)

Accounts for overhead at different bandwidths& antenna configurations

Based on FDD UE category in 3GPP standard

DL

UL

UE Cat.

Bandwidth

2x2

4x4

1x2

DL

10

50

100

150

300

5MHz

37Mbps

72Mbps

18Mbps

UL

25

50

50

75

10MHz

73Mbps

147Mbps

38Mbps

20MHz

150Mbps

300Mbps

75Mbps

Peak data rates scale with the bandwidth

Similar peak data rates defined for FDD & TDD
2x2 MIMO supported for initial LTE deployments

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 21

LTE Downlink Speed Calculate,20MHz,2x2 MIMO

Peak Rate=[100*12*14*(1-9.5%-0.2%-12%-0.17%-0.2%-1.375%)*6*2]/1ms
=154.33Mbps
100: 100RB,20MHz
12:12 Subcarriers, One RB has 12 Subcarriers
14:14 OFDM Symbols, One Subframe has 14OFDM symbols
9.5%:RS Overload
0.2%:P-SCH,S-SCH Overload
12%:PDCCH Overload
0.17%:PCFICH and PHICH Overload
0.2%:PBCH and PDSCH Overload
1.375%:PDSCH Overload
6: 64QAM, RE has 6 bits
2:2x2MIMO
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 22

LTE Uplink Speed Calculate,20MHz

Peak Rate=[96*12*2*7(1-1/7-1/14)*4]/1ms
=50.69Mbps
96: 96RB,20MHz,PUSCH available 96RB,
12:12 Subcarriers, One RB has 12 Subcarriers
2 and 7:2 slot, one slot has 7 symbols(Normal CP)
1/7:RS Overload expense
1/14:SRS Overload expense
4: 16QAM, RE has 4 bits

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 23

Transmission Bandwidth Calculation

Cell Average Throughput:

Scenario Burst Coefficient:

Bandwidth

Scenarios

DL(Mbps)

UL(Mbps)

2T2R(20MHz)

Dense Urban, Urban

34.3

19.8

2T2R(20MHz)

Suburban, Rural

26.3

14.0

Scenario

Dense
Urban

Urban

Sub
urban

Rural

coefficient

1.4

1.2

1.1

Calculation Functions:
Bandwidth= (S1 User Plane Data Flow+S1 Control Plane+X2 Data Flow)*Scenario Burst Coefficient/ Efficiency
=(S1 User Plane Data Flow+S1 User Plane Data*2%+S1 User Plane Data*3%)*Scenario Burst Coefficient/89.5%
=S1 User Plane Data Flow*(1+5%)*Scenario Burst Coefficient/89.5%

Results:
Scenarios

Dens Urban

Urban

Suburban

Rural

Trans. Bandwidth(20MHz, S111)

170Mbps

145Mbps

102Mbps

93Mbps

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 24

Content

LTE Background

LTE Key Technologies

LTE Network Architecture

LTE Resource Overview

LTE Market Overview

LTE Network Architecture

Main Network Element of LTE

The EPC consists of MME, S-GW and P-GW.

Network Interface of LTE

The e-NodeBs are interconnected with each other by means of the X2 interface, which enabling direct transmission of
data and signaling.

S1 is the interface between e-NodeBs and the EPC, more specifically to the MME via the S1-MME and to the S-GW via
the S1-U

eNB

RRC: Radio Resource Control

PDCP: Packet Data Convergence Protocol
RLC: Radio Link Control
MAC: Medium Access Control
PHY: Physical layer
EPC: Evolved Packet Core
MME: Mobility Management Entity
S-GW: Serving Gateway
P-GW: PDN Gateway

Inter Cell RRM

RB Control
Connection Mobility Cont.
MME

MME / S-GW

Radio Admission Control

MME / S-GW

NAS Security
eNB Measurement
Configuration & Provision
Idle State Mobility
Handling

S1

S1

Dynamic Resource
Allocation (Scheduler)

EPS Bearer Control

RRC

S1

S1

Compare with traditional 3G network, LTE architecture

becomes much more simple and flat, which can lead to
lower networking cost, higher networking flexibility and
shorter time delay of user data and control signaling.

The E-UTRAN consists of e-NodeBs, providing the user

plane and control plane.

PDCP
S-GW

X2

E-UTRAN
eNB

eNB

P-GW

RLC
Mobility
Anchoring

MAC

X2

X2

UE IP address
allocation

S1
PHY

Packet Filtering
internet

eNB

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

E-UTRAN

Huawei Confidential

EPC

Page 26

LTE Network Element Function

e-Node functionalities:
eNB
Inter Cell RRM

RRM: RB control, admission control, connection mobility

RB Control
control, scheduling;
Connection Mobility Cont.

IP header compression and encryption of user data

MME
Radio Admission Control
stream;
NAS Security
eNB Measurement

Selection of an MME at UE attachment;

Configuration & Provision
Idle State Mobility

Routing of User Plane data towards Serving Gateway;

Handling
Dynamic Resource
Allocation
(Scheduler)

Schedule the paging and broadcast messages from

EPS Bearer Control
MME;
RRC

Measurement and measurement reporting configuration

PDCP
S-GW
P-GW
for mobility and scheduling;
RLC
Mobility
UE IP address
Anchoring
allocation
MME functionalities:
MAC
S1

NAS signaling and security;

PHY
Packet Filtering
internet

AS Security control;
E-UTRAN
EPC

Idle state mobility handling;

EPS (Evolved Packet System) bearer control;

Support paging, handover, roaming and authentication.

S-GW functionalities:
P-GW functionalities:

Packet routing and forwarding; Local mobility anchor

Per-user based packet filtering; UE IP address allocation;

point for handover; Lawful interception; UL and DL
UL and DL service level charging, gating and rate enforcement;
charging per UE, PDN, and QCI; Accounting on user
and QCI granularity for inter-operator charging.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 27

Introduction of LTE Radio Protocol Stack

Two Planes in LTE Radio Protocol:

User-plane: For user data transfer

Control-plane: For system signaling transfer

Main Functions of Control-plane:

Main Functions of User-plane:

Header Compression

Ciphering

Scheduling

ARQ/HARQ

RLC and MAC layers perform the same functions as for the
user plane
PDCP layer performs ciphering and integrity protection
RRC layer performs broadcast, paging, connection
management, RB control, mobility functions, UE measurement
reporting and control
NAS layer performs EPS bearer management, authentication,
security control
Control-plane protocol stack

UE

MME

NAS

User-plane protocol stack

UE

eNB

eNB

NAS

RRC

RRC

PDCP

PDCP

PDCP

PDCP

RLC

RLC

RLC

RLC

MAC

MAC

MAC

MAC

PHY

PHY

PHY

PHY

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 28

Comparison of UTRAN & E-UTRAN Network Architecture

MME / S-GW

MME / S-GW

S1

S1
S1

S1

UTRAN

X2

E-UTRAN
eNB

eNB

X2

X2
eNB

The main difference between UMTS and LTE: the removing of RNC network element and the
introduction of X2 interface, which make the network more simple and flat, leading lower networking
cost, higher networking flexibility and low latency
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Huawei Confidential

Page 29

LTE Interworking With 2G/3G Networks

GGSN

Gn

Gb

GERAN

Gi
PDN

SGSN

Gr
Iu-PS
S3

S4

UTRAN

Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

HSS

S6a

Evolved UTRAN (E-UTRAN)

MME
Evolved
Node B
(eNB)

LTE-UE

cell

LTE-Uu

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

S7
Rx+

S1-MME

PCRF

S11
S5/S8

S1-U
Serving
Gateway
Huawei Confidential

SGi
PDN
Gateway
Page 30

PDN

Content

LTE Background

LTE Key Technologies

LTE Network Architecture

LTE Resource Overview

LTE Market Overview

LTE Resource Capacity Assessment System

Terminal

eNodeB

Air Interface

eNodeB

Transmission

Core Network

Ethernet

MME

eNodeB

S-GW/P-GW

Control Plane

User Plane

Equipment

Transmission

PRACH Utility

Avg. Sub. DL
Throughput

MPT CPU
Utility

Ethernet
Utility

PDCCH Utility

Avg. DL
Throughput

BBP CPU
Utility

PUCCH Utility

PRB Utility

SRS Utility

RRC
Connected Usr

Sub. License
Utility

Paging Utility

Spectrum
Efficiency

Flow License
Utility

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

License

Huawei Confidential

Page 32

LTE Resource Capacity Assessment

Item
RRC License
Utility
PRB Utility

Throughput

Description

Scenario Analysis
If network User grow very fast, cell reach the limitation

RRC License Utility of initial RRC license, suggest expansion network RRC
connected user license.
PRB Utility Ratio

Cell traffic mean

throughput

If the cell with high PRB Utility Ratio, suggest optimizing

parameters related or adding new site.
If network throughput grow very fast, reach the
limitation of initial throughput license, suggest
expansion network throughput license.

PDCCH Utility

PDCCH Utility
Ratio

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

If cell with high PDCCH utility ratio, due to low CQI and
high traffic load, suggest improving coverage and
adding new site.

Huawei Confidential

Page 33

Content

LTE Background

LTE Key Technologies

LTE Network Architecture

LTE Resource Overview

LTE Market Overview

360 LTE networks are commercially

launched in 124 countries (up to Jan. 2015)

GSA: 360 commercial LTE networks launched in 124 countries

Huawei acquired 320+ LTE Contracts with 154 Commercial Launched Networks by Sep.2014
Huawei won 140+ LTE contracts in capital cities.
Huawei deployed LTE in 9 of 10 Global Financial Central Cities

GSA: 360 commercial LTE network launched by Jan. 2015

450

17
FDD & TDD

360

GSA forecasts 450 commercial

LTE networks by end 2015

300
265

312
FDD Only

31
TDD Only

146

46
16

360 total launched LTE networks

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014H1

2014Q4

2015
(forecast )

87% launched FDD mode only

8% launched TDD mode only
5% launched FDD &TDD dual-mode
Source: GSA Evolution to LTE reportup to Jan. 2015

# of Global LTE Commercial Networks in Bands

US.
700MHz
55
AWS
36

DD800
68

2.6GHz
FDD
91

1.9 GHz(B42)
3.5 GHz(B42)

450 MHz

1.9GHz
12

7
850MHz

10
2.1GHz

10
APT 700MHz

900MHz

2.3GHz

21

1.8GHz
158

2.6GHz
22

Source: GSA Evolution to LTE report and Huawei Wireless MIup to Jan. 2015
Different bands may appear in one commercial network
Each network may have several spectrums, total number may larger than 360

360 LTE Commercial Networks Launched on All Spectrums

GSA Status of LTE Ecosystem

Camera, 2
USB Modem,
191

1000

Femtocell, Mobile Tablet,

133
207
Module, 163
Notebook, 37

Router,
559

900
800

PC Card, 1

Phone,
1045

700

600

USB Modem

Router

500
400

Phone

300

PC Card

200

Notebook

100

Module

0
1800 1900
1900 2100
b3 b2
2600 700
b25 b1
700 700
b7 b12
b13 b14 700
b17

Source: GSA Status of the LTE Ecosystem report

(up to 10.2014)

Mobile Tablet
700
b28

800
b20

LTE user device: 2218 (including 1045 Smartphone)

850
b5

900 AWS
TDD
b8
b4 1900 TDD TDD TDD
2300
TDD
b39 b40 2600 2600 3500
b38 b41
b42,
43

Femtocell

Camera

Current status of LTE networks(over 1 Million subscribers)

Vodafone
Germany

Rogers

~75% coverage
(Q3-2012)

1.4

EE

5.6

[09-2014]

8.9

[09-2014]

[09-2014]

DT

9.9

[09-2014]

38.
5

[09-2014]

2.5
[09-2014]

[09-2014]

[09-2014]

T-Moblie US

58.8

2.3
5.2
9

31.6

16.6

[09-2014]

[09-2014]

[09-2014]

11.
0

24.1
[09-2014]

12.5

[09-2014]

[09-2014]

8.1
9

[09-2014]

1.8
2

[09-2014]
[01-2014]

14.5
[09-2014]

5.8

[09-2014]

LTE Total: 280+ Million

Source: GSA Evolution to LTE reportup to Jan. 2015

Huawei Leading Global LTE Markets

174
153

LTE Commercial
Networks

LTE TDD Commercial

Networks

82

41
38
28
10

HW

Ericsson

NSN

ALU

ZTE

SS

8
3

SS

ALU

ZTE

10

Ericsson

14

NSN

HW

Source: GSA Evolution to LTE report and Huawei Wireless MI(up to Jan. 2015)

Huawei LTE in Six Continents

320+
Australia

Austria

Czech
Republic

Denmark

Japan

Korea

Bahrain

Finland

Kuwait

Brazil

Canada

Germany

Hong Kong

Malaysia

Mexico

Colombia

India

Netherlands

Contracts

174
Commercial
Networks

140+
New Zealand

Norway

South Africa

Spain

Philippines

Russia

Saudi Arabia

Singapore

Sweden

Thailand

UAE

UK

LTE Contracts in
Capital Cities

Huawei dominates global FDD2600 and 1800 network

(Jan. 2015)
158 LTE 1800 commercial networks launched

91 LTE 2600 FDD commercial networks launched

88
63

45

14 5 2
Huawei

Ericsson

NSN

27 33

Source: GSA Evolution to LTE report and Huawei Wireless MI

(up to Jan. 2015)

ZTE

SS

ALU

944 LTE 1800 devices were announced

4
SS

50

7 10
ALU ZTE

NSN

Ericsson

Huawei

893 LTE 2600 FDD devices were announced

Source: GSA Status of the LTE Ecosystem report
(up to 10.2014)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Thank you

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.