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ENGLISH
GRAMMAR
for
BEGINNERS
Language: ()زبان
Language is a medium of expression. It is in fact a collection of
different sounds. These sounds are called LETTERS. Letters are
meaningless sounds e.g: a b c etc. These are called Alphabets. English
language has 26 Alphabets. These 26 Alphabets are further divided
into two catagories: VOWELS (a,e,i,o,u) and CONSONANTS (other
than a,e,i,o,u). Two or more letters make WORD. Words are
meaningful e.g One, Chair, man etc. Two or more words make a
SENTENCE.
زبانااہظراکذرہعیےہ۔ ہیدرتقیقحآوازوںاکومجمہعےہ۔انآوازوںوکرحوفےتہکںیہ۔رحوفےبینعموہ ےتںیہ۔ان
رحوفوکرحوفادجبیھب اہتاباےہ۔
THE SENTENCE: ہلمج/رقفہ
A combination of words which makes complete sense is called a
sentence.
وظفلںاکااسیومجمہعوجلمکمباتایبنرکےرقفہباہلمجالہکباےہ۔
EXAMPLES:
He goes to school daily. وہروزاہنوکسلتاباےہ۔
Do not tell a lie. وھجٹموبول۔
PARTS OF SPEECH:
The words used in a sentence are divided into different kinds or
classes according to the work they do in the sentence. these kinds or
classes are called PARTS OF SPEECH. These are:
NOUN: ()امس
Noun is a word we use to name a person, a place or a thing.
)امس)یسکصخشہگجبازیچےکباموکےتہکںیہ۔Noun
Ali, lahore, pen, book, dog, courage etc.
NUMBER:
There are only two numbers ( )یتنگin English, the SINGULAR (one
person or thing) and the PLURAL (more than one person or thing).
Gender:
Gender shows the difference of sex.
Masculine Gender: A noun that denotes male animal.
e.g. Boy, Lion
Feminine Gender: A noun that denotes female animal.
e.g. Girl, Lioness
Common Gender: A noun that denoteseither sex.
e.g. Baby, Friend
Neuter Gender: A noun that denotes Lifeless things.
e.g. Apple, Book
PRONOUN: ()امسریمض
A Pronoun is used instead of a noun to avoid repitition of the noun.
تابےہباہکامسوکباربارہنانھکلڑپے۔
امسریمضامسیکہگجاھکل ا
e.g. Ali was late. He was ill.
PERSONAL PRONOUN: ()امسریمضذایت
FIRST PERSON: (the person speaking) ملکتم I & WE
SECOND PERSON: (the person spoken to) احرض YOU
THIRD PERSON: (the person spoken) اغئ HE, SHE, It & THEY
RELATIVE PRONOUN:
The word that works as conjunction as well as pronoun is called
relative pronoun. These are: Who, Whose, Whom, Which, That
Who is at the door?
Whose pen is this?
He is the boy whom I met in the party.
Who, is used ofr human beings and which is used for other than
humanbeings while that is used for both.