Annotated Bibliography

1. Bolzendahl, Catherine I., and Daniel J. Myers. "Feminist Attitudes and Support for
Gender Equality: Opinion Change in Women and Men, 1974-1998." Social Forces 83.2
(2004): 759-790. ERIC. Web. 4 Feb. 2016.
In this secondary source article two authors do a study on Feminist attitudes and gender
norms between men and women of two different decades. They ask different questions and
gauge different views on certain subjects such as employment, age, race, education, etc. The
point the author was trying to get across was that the idea of equality was getting better over the
years and that people were more subject and okay with change as time went on. They concluded
that women who want more equality (and also men) were more likely to have a feminist attitude
toward the world rather than people who are stuck in the old ways of how women are supposed
to be the caregivers and house keepers and the men were supposed to work hard to bring home
the bacon. This source is credible and was peer reviewed. It relates to pop culture because today
we are going through the same reforms and changes as the people that they did the study on and
they share some of the same views. It will be good for my final research paper because Im doing
kind of a timeline of events.

2. Mandel, Hadas. "Up The Down Staircase: Women's Upward Mobility And The Wage
Penalty For Occupational Feminization, 1970-2007." Social Forces 91.4 (2013): 11831207. ERIC. Web. 18 Feb. 2016.

In this secondary source article/ journal the author does a study on how job and career
opportunities have been more open for women that would usually be more of a mans
occupation and how more promotional spaces where opening up for women. The twist to the
argument is even though these women have the same occupation and position as the men they
are getting a lower wage of pay. Which coined her statement that they feel as though they are
going up the down staircase in saying that they are moving up but still going down, better
occupation, less pay. The end of the study seen this to be true in seeing that for every dollar a
man makes is .76 cents for a woman. The source is credible and peer reviewed. It connects to
pop culture today because women are still getting paid less whether it be in the office or a high
rolling movie, women actresses are always getting paid less than men actors. It fits right into my
final research paper with why gender equality hasnt yet to happen now.
3. Progressive. "Black and White - Progressive Insurance Commercial." Online video clip.
YouTube. YouTube, 5 Oct. 2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2016.
This primary source commercial/ video shows Flo (a woman who works for Progressive and
does their commercials) starting the commercial like normal but its based off of the 50s and
their views so it then screens to a guy saying that basically saying that men are the ones to get the
insurance and that the women sit at home with the children and wait on him and Flo replies with,
No, anyone anywhere can have progressives insurance it ends with him asking where her
husband is and she takes the mic which is hilarious and she ends with the progressive slogan. I
would implement this in my research paper for comedy relief because mostly everyone knows or
seen the progressive commercials and knows Flo so it would fit in well with the plot. It fits in

with pop culture because it is something thats happening now its recent compared to the old
scholarly sources.
4. Venker, Suzanne. To be happy we must admit that women and men arent equal. Fox
News Opinion. Fox News Opinion, 5 Feb. 2013. Web. 18 Feb. 2016
This primary source article is actually the opposite of what I am focused on but it makes a
very good counter argument for my paper. In this opinionated article Suzanne Venker talks about
how feminism isnt helping towards strides for equality but hurting us in the way we develop
relationships. She points out how its good that women are getting to control their lives in the
ways that they would want them to be but it is counteracting when it comes to responsibility and
commitment. She made two good points, one being that women are in and out of relationships or
live with their boyfriend but dont think of having children or moving forward until they realize
that their biological clock is ticking. The second reasoning is that she feels that marriage is
becoming more of a competitive sport now because everyone is just rushing to get with someone
resulting in a battle of who does more than who and etc. Her result was that we broke the chain
of equality but no one won because we definitely didnt expect the men to just back down. This
has to do with pop culture because you see celebs get together all the time for the money and
end up breaking up over something stupid. Its a very occurring thing in this day and age.
5. Cowell, Raewyn & Pearse, Rebecca. Gender Norms: Are they the enemy to womens
rights. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. UNRIFSD, 2 Mar.
2015. Web. 18 Feb. 2016

This primary source is an article by two women, Raewyn Cowell and Rebecca Pearse
from the University of Sydney, one is a professor and the other a researcher. The two women
come together and basically dissect if gender norms are the enemy, how theyre used in
everyday life and the dynamic of change going on with them in the past till now. Its really
just another informational to shed more light on the opinionated side of my argument. Its
relevant to pop culture today because it is dissecting each part of what gender norms are and
if they are affecting us or they arent. It also goes well with my counter argument article in
number four so I will see how they are parallel in some views and differ in others. It will be
good for my final research paper because it is added on information about what Im stressing
in the paper.
6. Conry-Murray, Clare. "Children's Judgments Of Inequitable Distributions That Conform
To Gender Norms." Merrill-Palmer Quarterly: Journal Of Developmental Psychology
61.3 (2015): 319-344. ERIC. Web. 21 Feb. 2016.
In this secondary source article, they used children to gage their judgements on gender
norms. They did it with children aged six, eight, and ten and also adults for a later study.
They had toys and food that they gave the children the option to pick from randomly. When
they got to the ten year olds and adults they were more critical about which item they were
given and made sure that it had something to do with their gender specifically. At the end of
the study it was clear that the six and eight year olds no matter if they were given girl cards
or math computer games, etc. that they were equally satisfied with a girl toy or a boy toy.
The ten years and older of course identified with their own gender like items. This is relevant
to pop culture now because this shows how we arent subject to the worries of gender norms

until we are older. I will use this in my final research paper as one of the counter arguments
in saying that its not something that affects us until we are older.
7. Gaunt, Ruth. "Breadwinning Moms, Caregiving Dads: Double Standard In Social
Judgments Of Gender Norm Violators." Journal Of Family Issues 34.1 (2013): 3-24.
ERIC. Web. 21 Feb. 2016.

In this secondary source article, the author did a study on three hundred and
eleven people who evaluated a male or female who was a caregiver or the breadwinner
gaging their personal traits and emotions. In the end the evaluators always had a double
standard for the couples who were explained as a non-traditional couple where the
mother was the bread winner and the father was the caregiver. In both aspects they said
that the mother even though she was the breadwinner was not as great as the father (or
men in general) when it came to working and when the father was gaged on his time
spent caring for the children he was only ranked alright compared to the mother who
was very good. I think this is relevant to pop culture today because the thought of the
mother being the breadwinner and the father being the care giver (even though its better
now) is still unorthodox to some people when in all actuality it is a normal thing. I will
use this in my final research paper as an example in my main argument of why women
and men will always be ridiculed if they switched places.