C AR IBBEA N EXAM INATIONS COU NC IL

CAR IBBEA N EXAM INATIONS C O UNCIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE8

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE

ANSWER BOOKLET

ANSWER BOOKLET

15 JANUARY 2014 (a.m.))

FILL IN ALL TH E INFORMATION R EQUESTED CLE ARLY AND LEGIBLY

TEST CODE

SUBJECT

HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY

GENERAL

PROFICIENCY

TEST CODE

SUBJECT

GENERAL

REGISTRATION
NUMBER

SCHOOL/CENTRE NUMBER

FOR CXC USE ONLY

PI

P2

TOTAL
NAME OF SCHOOL/CENTRE

01
02
CANDIDATES FULL NAME

03
04

DATE OF BIRTH

05

Day

Year

Month

06
TOTAL
MALE
SEX
FEMALE

s :;

HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY

PROFICIENCY

REGISTRATION
NUMBER

QUES
NOS.

nature

BELOW THIS LINE FOR C X C 4 USE ONLY

01253020

TEST CODE

FORM TP 2014012
CARIBBEAN

JANUARY 2014

EXAMINATIONS

COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE

EXAMINATION
HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY
P a p e r 02 -

General Proficiency
2 hours

READ THE FO LLO W ING IN S T R U C T IO N S CAREFULLY.

1.

This paper consists o f SIX questions in TW O sections.

2.

A nsw er ALU questions.

3.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

4.

Each question is worth 15 marks.

DO NO T TU RN THIS PAGE U N T IL YOU ARE TO LD TO DO SO.

Copyright 2012 Caribbean Exam inations Council
All rights reserved.
01253020/JANUARY/F 2014

S E C T IO N A
A nsw er A L L questions in this section.
W rite your answers in the spaces p rovided in this booklet.

1.

(a)

Figure 1 is a diagram o f part o f the hum an respiratory system.

Figure 1. Part o f the h u m an re s p ira to ry system

N am e the structures labelled A, B and C in Figure 1.

A ______________________________________________________________________________
B ______________________________________________________________________________
C _____________________________________________________________________________
(3 marks)

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(b)

(i)

Choose the correct term from the list provided in brackets to complete the following
sentence.
(lifestyle, nutritional, respiratory, sexually transm itted)

A sthm a is described as a

(ii)

_ disease.
(1 mark)

State TW O signs/sym ptom s o f asthma.

(2 marks)
(c)

Table 1 shows the num ber o f persons suffering from asthm a in different parts o f a country.
TABLE 1: DATA ON A STH M A CASES

(i)

Location

Activity

Num ber o f Asthm a Cases

per 1000 Persons

City

Business

25

Countryside A

Vegetable farm ing

Countryside B

Heavy metal industries

40

On the grid provided on page 5, draw a bar graph to represent the data in Table 1
(Location and N um ber o f A sthm a Cases).

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(3 marks)
(ii)

Use your knowledge o f the triggers o f asthm a and the data provided in Table 1 to
account for the num ber o f asthm a cases in different parts o f the country.

(4 marks)

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Figure 2 shows the average num ber o f asthm a attacks per person during a year-long study,
and the level o f Sahara dust particles in the air.

Average number of asthma attacks

(d)

Figure 2. Average num ber o f asthm a attacks a n d level o f Sahara dust particles

Describe the trend shown in Figure 2.

(2 marks)
Total 15 marks

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2.

The purpose o f the circulatory system is to transport substances from one part o f the body to
another. Figure 3 shows a m icrograph o f blood cells.

Figure 3. A m icrograph of blood cells

(a)

(i)

Nam e the structures labelled A and B in Figure 3.

A _______________________________________________________________________
B _______________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)

(ii)

State ONE function o f EACH o f the structures labelled A and B.

A

B _______________________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

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(b)

W hen a blood vessel is cut, a clot soon form s to prevent the entry o f bacteria. During the
blood-clotting process, fibrinogen is converted to fibrin. Which o f these proteins (fibrinogen
and fibrin) is soluble and which is insoluble?
Soluble
Insoluble _______________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)

(c)

Figure 4 shows a transverse section through a norm al artery.

Figure 4. Transverse section through a n o rm a l artery

Com plete the draw ing o f the artery in Figure 5 to show the effects o f nicotine on the artery.
A nnotate your draw ing to explain how nicotine affects the artery.

Figure 5. Incom plete drawing o f an a rte ry

(5 m arks)

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(d)

A fter sitting on a stool in the laboratory for several hours, Robert notices that his lower
limbs feel very heavy. A fter walking artxiiKi for a while, the heavy feeling goes away.
Explain the association o f tissue fluid and i> ~ p h with R oberts symptoms.

(4 marks)
Total 15 marks

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3.

Figure 6 shows a diagram o f a hum an -.e: - -: '

Glomerulus, network,
of blood capillaries
Arteriole

Arteriole

L m ? Henle

Figure 6. Diagram ; aephron

(a)

(i)

Nam e the parts labelled A arc 5 ~ F isie 6.

A ___ ______________________________________________________ ________________

B _______________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
(ii)

State O N E function o f EA C H : :
A

: i 's labelled A and B.

________

(2 marks)

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(b)

The kidney is an excretory organ. Nam e ONE OTH ER excretory organ, and the substance
it excretes.
Organ

______________________________________________________________________

Substance ______________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
(c)

As a result o f diabetes, Tom mys kidneys have m alfunctioned and he needs renal dialysis to
control the volum e and com position o f his blood. Figure 7 shows a simple representation
o f the inside o f a kidney dialysis machine.

Dialysis fluid in (approximately

the same salt and glucose
concentration as the blood)

Figure 7. Sim ple representation o f the inside of a kidney dialysis m achine

(i)

Based on the diagram in Figure 7, explain why a partially perm eable m em brane
is needed in renal dialysis.

(2 marks)

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(ii)

Why is it necessary for the dialysis fluid to have approxim ately the same glucose
concentration as Tom m ys blood?

(2 marks)
(iii)

If Tom m ys kidneys were normal, explain how his hypothalam us w ould control
the water content o f his blood when blood solute concentration is high.

(5 marks)
Total 15 marks

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4.

(a)

(i)

Com plete the following sentence:

Sewage consists o f _________________________ a n d _________________________ ,
along with ho u seh o ld _____________________

(ii)

(3 marks)

State TW O ways that remote com m unities could reduce the volume o f household
refuse produced by the community.

(2 m arks)
(iii)

Your neighbours throw all their household refuse on a vacant piece o f land next
to the playground. Explain why this im proper disposal o f household refuse poses
a threat to the health o f the community.

(2 marks)
(iv)

Nam e TW O diseases that may be caused by this im proper disposal o f household

refuse.

(2 m arks)

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(b)

Two m ethods used in large-scale sewage treatm ent are activated sludge and biological
filter.
(i)

W hich com ponent o f the treatm ent plant com es im m ediately before the activated
sludge tank?

(1 mark)
(ii)

Com pare the functioning o f the activated sludge and biological filter tanks. Your
answ er should include TW O sim ilarities and TH REE differences.
Similarities

_______

__________________________

Differences

(5 marks)
Total 15 marks

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SECTIO N B
A nsw er ALL questions in this section.
W rite your answers in the spaces provided at the end o f each question.

5.

(a)

To reduce the chances o f babies becom ing ill, m others often use sterilization and
disinfection.
(i)
(ii)

(b)

State TWO differences between sterilization and disinfection.

(4 m arks)

Suggest how sterilization and disinfection could be used when caring for a baby.
Provide TWO situations for EACH method.
(4 marks)

Each tim e Shoba goes to the beach she gets an ear infection. The doctor prescribes
antibiotics for five days but each tim e, she stops taking the m edication after three days,
when she is no longer in pain. N ow Shoba finds that the antibiotics are not effective
anymore.
(i)
(ii)

W hat is m eant by the term antibiotic?

(2 marks)

Explain why the antibiotics are not effective anym ore, and suggest the m easures
that Shoba should take in the future so that the antibiotics would be effective.
(5 marks)
Total 15 marks

W rite your answ er to Q uestion 5 here.

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6.

(a)

The differences am ong individuals are due to variation.

Distinguish between continuous and discontinuous variation, and give ONE exam ple o f
EACH type o f variation.
(4 marks)

(b)

D ow ns syndrom e arises from a chrom osom al m utation. How does the chrom osom e
num ber o f a person with D ow ns syndrom e differ from that o f a normal person?
(2 m arks)

(c)

Sex-linked inheritance occurs when the genes are on the sex chrom osom e. In m ost cases,
the genes are on the X chrom osom e and not on the Y chrom osome.
Use a Punnett square to determ ine the genotype o f the offspring o f a cross between a
fem ale carrier o f red-green colour blindness and a normal male. State the phenotype o f
EACH offspring.
Use X RX r to denote the carrier female and X RY to denote the norm al male.
(6 marks)

(d)

Cell phone tow ers have caused some concern because o f their close proxim ity to homes.
Suggest the possible
(0
(ii)
(iii)

type o f pollution that could result from these towers

(1 mark)

effect o f the pollution on humans

(1 mark)

action that hum ans could take to reduce the effect o f the pollution.

(1 mark)

Total 15 marks
W rite your answer to Q uestion 6 here.

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