TWI

CSWIP 3.1
WIS 5
WELDING INSPECTION
HEAT TREATMENT
SECTION 18.

POST WELD HEAT

TREATMENT
Many metals must be given heat treatment before and

after welding.
The inspectors function is to ensure that the treatment is
given correctly in accordance with the specification or as
per the details supplied.
Below are the types of heat treatment available.
Annealing
Normalising
Quench Hardening
Temper
Stress Relief

POST WELD HEAT

TREATMENT

TEMP
C

SOAK TIME (Time at attained temp)

COOLING
RATE
HEATING
RATE

TIME (Hours & Minutes)

POST WELD HEAT

TREATMENT
B
(A) Normalised
(B) Fully Annealed
(C) Water-quenched

(D) Water-quenched &

tempered

HEAT TREATMENT
The inspector, in general, should ensure that:

Equipment is as specified
Temperature control equipment is in good condition
Procedures as specified, is being used e.g.
Method of application
Rate of heating and rate of cooling
Maximum temperature attained
Soak time
Temperature measurement (and calibration)
Documentation and records

HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for steels.
Process:
Normalising
Temp:
9200C
Cooling:
Hold, air cool
Result:
Relieves internal stress,
improves mechanical properties, Increases
toughness

HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for steels.
Process:
Stress relief
Temp:
550-7000C
Cooling:
Hold, furnace or
controlled
cooling
Result:
Relieves residual stresses,
improves stability during machining,
reduces hydrogen levels, prevents stress
corrosion cracking

HEAT TREATMENT .

QUESTIONS ?

QUESTIONS ?

HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for steels.
Process:
Quench, Harden
Temp:
9200C
Cooling:
Hold, quench cool
Result:
Hardens carbon steels,
prevents carbide precipitation in austenitic
steels, prevents temper brittleness when
cooling after tempering,

HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for
steels.
Process:
Temper
Temp:
550-7000C
Cooling:
Hold, air cool
Result:
Increases toughness of
quenched steel

HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for steels.

Process:
Annealing
Temp: 9200C
Cooling:
Hold, furnace cool
Result: Improves ductility, Decreases
toughness, Makes bending etc easier,
Lowers yield stress

HEAT TREATMENT
The temperatures mentioned are for
steels.

Process
Pre-heat for welding
Temp 50-2500C. higher by exception
Cooling
Hold during welding.
Result Prevents cracking and hard
zones