Works Cited

"Berlin Speech: 1963." KPBS. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2016.

<http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/jfk-berlin/>.
This website was a secondary source since it is a written version of President Kennedy's
speech. I used this in part of my website.
"Berlin Wall Trabant." CHNM. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2016. <https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/236x/ae/af/3b/aeaf3bf3b3966c01eccef4731553199d.jpg>. This painting
by Birgit Kinder is on a segment of the Berlin Wall that was on the east bank of the Spree
River that separated portions of East and West Berlin. Because this section of the wall
was on the opposite shore of the river, it was not covered by graffiti as was the case with
the rest of the west face of the Wall (accessible to West Berliners). After the reunification
of East and West Germany, this segment of the wall was made into a public gallery and
various artists were invited to add their work to the wall's unadorned segments. This
particular image commemorates not only the breaking of the wall in November 1989, but
the ubiquitous Trabant--the car driven by most East Germans in 1989.
"Facial Recognition Manual." CHNM. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2016.
<https://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/archive/fullsize/facebook_ca55377b80.jpg>. If they wanted
to keep out spies, security personnel on both sides of the Berlin Wall had to become
sophisticated readers of facial features. This manual, prepared by the East German border
police as a training text for their front line guards, shows the reader how to recognize
someone from telling facial features. Notice how the reader is directed to pay attention
not to the entire face, but to certain features like the shape of the ear or the number of
wrinkles on a forehead. For the East German police the proper identification of

individuals was also not simply a matter of keeping out foreign agents. They were just as
concerned with keeping in East German citizens who did not have permission to travel
abroad.
"Gorbachev Adviser's Diary Entry The Day The Wall Fell." NPR. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2016.
<http://www.npr.org/2009/11/08/120223313/gorbachev-advisers-diary-entry-the-day-thewall-fell>. This was a diary entry from Anatoly Chernyaev on the day that the Berlin
Wall fell. This is a primary source. It has the point of view of a citizen of Berlin.
Primary SourceExcerpt

...

Schabowski: ... So, we want... through a number of changes, including the travel law, to [create]
the chance, the sovereign decision of the citizens to travel wherever they want. (um) We
are naturally (um) concerned that the possibilities of this travel regulationit is still not
in effect, it's only a draft.

A decision was made today, as far as I know (looking toward Labs and Banaschak in hope of
confirmation). A recommendation from the Politburo was taken up that we take a passage
from the [draft of] travel regulation and put it into effect, that, (um)as it is called, for
better or worsethat regulates permanent exit, leaving the Republic. Since we find it
(um) unacceptable that this movement is taking place (um) across the territory of an
allied state, (um) which is not an easy burden for that country to bear. Therefore (um), we

have decided today (um) to implement a regulation that allows every citizen of the
German Democratic Republic (um) to (um) leave the GDR through any of the border
crossings.

...

Question: At once? When...

Schabowski: (... scratches his head) You see, comrades, I was informed today (puts on his glasses
as he speaks further), that such an announcement had been (um) distributed earlier today.
You should actually have it already. So, (reading very quickly from the paper): 1)
"Applications for travel abroad by private individuals can now be made without the
previously existing requirements (of demonstrating a need to travel or proving familial
relationships). The travel authorizations will be issued within a short time. Grounds for
denial will only be applied in particular exceptional cases. The responsible departments
of passport and registration control in the People's Police district offices in the GDR are
instructed to issue visas for permanent exit without delays and without presentation of the
existing requirements for permanent exit."

...

Question: When does it come into effect?

Schabowski: (Looks through his papers...) That comes into effect, according to my information,
immediately, without delay (looking through his papers further).

Labs: (quietly) ...without delay.

Beil: (quietly) That has to be decided by the Council of Ministers.

...

Question: Does this also apply for West Berlin? You only mentioned the FRG.

Schabowski: (shrugs his shoulders, frowns, looks at his papers) So ... (pause), um hmmm (reads
aloud): "Permanent exit can take place via all border crossings from theGDR to the FRG
and West Berlin, respectively." There is a video about the newscast on the fall of the
Berlin Wall. There is transcript about in the manually edited citation. This primary source

shows a press conference meeting talking about when the Wall was going to fall, when in
fact it was happening right at that moment.
Taylor, Frederick. The Berlin Wall - A World Divided. N.p.: Harper, 2007. Print. I found this book
through Gale, and used key points on life during the Cold War in Germany and the rise
and fall of the Berlin Wall. It goes into the
Todorov, Tzvetan. "The Fall of the Berlin Wall in History." Proquest. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Apr.
2016. Todorov, Tzvetan. "The Fall of the Berlin Wall in History." Salmagundi.164
(2010): 44,50,281. ProQuest. Web. 21 Mar. 2016; This next database talks about how the
Berlin Wall fell. It says that even though the people brought down the Berlin Wall, it also
signified the downfall of Communism. Communism still exists but with the fall of the
wall, people started to believe that they can do something about Communism and try and
stop it. This document explained how one have of Berlin is becoming democratic while
the other is still building walls around themselves.
Tulloch, David. "Berlin Wall." Gale. N.p., n.d. Web. 4 Apr. 2016. "Berlin Wall." Encyclopedia of
Espionage, Intelligence and Security. Ed. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner. Vol.
1. Detroit: Gale, 2004. 103-106. World History in Context. Web. 21 Mar. 2016. This first
database talks about the general reason to why the Berlin Wall was built. It starts of
talking about the turmoil caused by World War ll and how there were many people
wanting immigrate into Berlin. This led to conflict in the government and caused the
splitting of Germany. The document goes more into detail.