Introduction to Globalization

GAC 028
Social Research & Global Issues

Globalization describes the

interconnectedness of the world
we live in.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XrJjfDUzD7M

Watch the video and consider how this is different from the
experience 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 years ago.

Globalization makes the world

feel smaller than before, because
of the breakdown of barriers that
used to separate us (distance,
no/slow communications &
transportation technology, lack of
information.)

Effects of Globalization
Benefits

drawbacks

-share ideas
-adopt technologies
-get more information quickly
-more products available
-cheaper prices
-more convenient things

-lose unique cultures

-people become more the same
-some have a head start (more
resources) so they will always be more
prosperous
-enviromental damage

Globalization is positive & negative

PROS
CONS
http://www.youtube.com
We are more aware of
/watch?v=dIsEG2SFOvM
other places in the world
http://www.youtube.com/
& can help
watch?v=_oKkIeCjllQ&saf
http://www.youtube.com/
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watch?v=-HqU7HszVis&fea
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ture=fvsr
http://www.youtube.com
We can travel
/watch?v=7U0N7tVcy5s&s
http://www.youtube.com/
afety_mode=true&safe=a
watch?v=LrxalYXXBfI
ctive
We share technologies &
ideas

Conduct research
#

item

Saddle

Printing press

Automobile

Gun

Airplane

Shipping container

telephone

internet

When
By whom?
was it
Where?
invented?

What did it
allow people
to do?

History & Globalization

Humans have been on earth roughly 50,00060,000 years. For millenia (thousands of years)
they lived in isolated tribes or villages, with
simple hand-made tools surviving off what they
could hunt or gather. In the last few centuries,
life has dramatically changed because of
technologies.

Globalization is caused by
sharing ideas & technologies between
societies
advances in technology and trade
easier communication & travel (e.g.
telephone, internet, ships, trains,
airplanes,)
political policies of international
collaboration in economies and policy
making (e.g. EU, ASEAN, WTO)

Phases of globalization
1) Early trading 1000 BCE
The Silk Road was the main route linking

Europe and Asia.

2)
3) the digital age

Columbus began the imperial contest

Christopher Columbus is famous
for having discovered the new
world.
Hired by Spain to find a route to
India
Landed in Carribbean in 1492, but
thought that he was in India, thats
why Native Americans for a long
time were wrongly called Indians

Europeans never knew North or

South America existed before this.

After his voyage, many other

European explorers followed,
looking for riches to grow their profit
and the empires.

Globalization sped up a lot after

1492
Columbus brought back to Europe
many items, animals and even
people that had never before been
seen and left European stuff in the
Americas.

Columbian Exchange
North & South
America get from
Europe

Europe gets from

North & South
America

Imperialism (phase 2)
1. What is colonialism/imperialism?
2. Give an example?
3. When was it common?
4. How were native people in the colonies treated by the
explorers or governors from the empire?
5. List 2 positive and negative effects empires had in
shaping the social identities of their colonies.

British Empire

French Empire

Spanish Empire

History of Economic
Globalization
World economies first
became linked under
European empires who
took the natural
resources of their
colonies for their own
gain
Imperial competition for
colonies & resources led
to WWI, which led to
WWII

The Slave Trade

Between 1450 and the end of the nineteenth century (1800s), slaves were obtained
from along the west coast of Africa with the full co-operation of African kings and
merchants. In return, the African kings and merchants got trade goods including
beads, cowrie shells (used as money), textiles, brandy, horses, and perhaps most
importantly, guns. The guns were used to help expand empires and obtain more
slaves, until they were finally used against the European colonizers. The export of
trade goods from Europe to Africa forms the first side of the triangular trade.

Trans-Atlantic exports by region

1650-1900

Region

Number of slaves
accounted for

Senegambia

479,900

4.7

Upper Guinea

411,200

4.0

Windward Coast

183,200

1.8

Gold Coast

1,035,600

10.1

Blight of Benin

2,016,200

19.7

Blight of Biafra

1,463,700

14.3

West Central

4,179,500

40.8

470,900

4.6

10,240,200

100.0

South East

Total

African people were kidnapped in the center of Africa by other Africans from West
coast tribes. They were chained, separated from their families, and forced to walk
to the coast where they would be traded and sold to European slave smugglers,
who were mainly Portugese. The transport of slaves from Africa to the Americas
forms the middle passage of the triangular trade. They were crammed underneath
ships in terrible conditions and sold like animals in the Caribbean islands, South
America and even todays Southern USA to do heavy labour for zero pay.

Trans-Atlantic imports by region

1450-1900

Region

Number of slaves
accounted for

Brazil

4,000,000

35.4

Spanish Empire

2,500,000

22.1

British West Indies

2,000,000

17.7

French West Indies

1,600,00

14.1

British North America and United States

500,000

4.4

Dutch West Indies

500,000

4.4

Danish West Indies

28,000

0.2

200,000

1.8

11,328,000

100.0

Europe (and Islands)

Total

Impact of the slave trade

Slavery became illegal in the British empire in
1783
The American Civil War was fought over the
issue of slavery and the northern Union won,
freeing slaves in 1865

People of African or mixed

heritage are a major part of all
American populations
Often African descendants are
still less affluent due to starting
from a lesser position and
continued discrimination.

Exit Quiz- GAC 028

Globalization
Word List: natural resources, slave trade, trade,
imperialism, globalization, Columbian Exchange
_____________- the increased interconnectedness of the world.
_____________- the kidnapping and sale of people to be put to work but not
paid on farms and other difficult tasks.
_____________- the exchange of goods between different places for money
and business.
_____________- a powerful countrys policy of controlling other weaker
countries.
_____________- things that come from nature that can be developed and sold.
_____________- the trade in plants and animals between the Americas and
Europe that followed Columbus discovery of South America for Spain.

Exit Quiz- GAC 028

Globalization
Word List: natural resources, slave trade, trade,
imperialism, globalization, Columbian Exchange
_____________- the increased interconnectedness of the world.
_____________- the kidnapping and sale of people to be put to work but not
paid on farms and other difficult tasks.
_____________- the exchange of goods between different places for money
and business.
_____________- a powerful countrys policy of controlling other weaker
countries.
_____________- things that come from nature that can be developed and sold.
_____________- the trade in plants and animals between the Americas and
Europe that followed Columbus discovery of South America for Spain.

World War 1- 1914-1918

vs
Causes: MILITARISM, IMPERIALISM,
ALLIANCES, NATIONALISM, $, a fluke
assassination
Results: Ottoman Empire & Austria Hungary
eliminated. Smaller nations granted right to
exist (Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, etc.)

Consequences for Germany

1918= loaf cost
2 Marks

Germany was forced to sign

the Treaty of Versailles
which made them:
Give up land
Give up military
Pay back the winners, so
starve and live in poverty
Sign a clause saying WWI
was totally their fault

1924= loaf cost

6,000,000 Marks

Peoples life savings

became worthless because
of inflation. German
economy suffered.

Consequences for Habsburg

Empire
Habsburg monarchy done
Nation-states determined by national
interest of ethnic nations within
Split into: Austria, Hungary,
Czechoslovakia, Romania, Yugoslavia,
Bulgaria, Romania. Some ethnic nations
like lost to other states (e.g. Ukraine went
to Poland & USSR)

Consequences for the

Oil also became a very important

resource at this time and they had
a lot, so powerful countries started
getting more involved there in the
1920s

Ottoman Empire

League of Nations
Precursor to United Nations

Goal was world peace

Didnt have any power to enforce

Disapproved
of
imperialism
because all
people love
their
independenc
e and that
helps peace,
but did
nothing
when Japan
took over
Asia, Hitler
took Europe
and Italy ran
an imperial
African
campaign.

WWII 1939-1945
In Europe began in 1939, but Japan had
been colonizing Asia for years already

The Holocaust
A genocide that killed 11 million people (6 million Jewish
Europeans and 5 million othersthe Roma, handicapped,
members of non-Nazi political parties, etc.)
Genocide = mass killing to wipe out or stop from having
a future a people because of an unchangeable
characteristic like race, religion, etc.
The Holocaust happened in phases.
1932 Hitler took power, passed laws banning protest or other political parties
1933-37 more laws passed by Nazis taking away rights to own property, do
business, live in certain areas, of undesired ppl
1930s- love for Germany & hatred toward impure Germans promoted in
propaganda, military rise, takeover of other countries
1937-8 moving undesired ppl into ghettos, then concentration camps
1942-45 liberation of the camps, release of few survivors

The Holocaust

Scenes from the museum now at Auchwitz. Things left behind at

the time the Soviets liberated the camp

Shorn womens hair was turned into

textiles like those on the right

Auchwitz
Disabled people had no place in Hitlers
vision of a perfect Germany. These are
prosthetics taken off of people who were
exterminated at the camp.

Note: homosexuals were also

considered unfit by Hitler and
targeted

Auchwitz

Birkenau

Gas Chamber

Empty cannisters of Zyklon B, the gas

used to poison victims who thought
they were taking a shower.

Formation of the UN
Idea of US pres Roosevelt.
1945 50 countries sent reps to develop
the UN Charter. Its main aims:
Maintain peaceful international relations
respect human rights w/o discrimination
based on race, religion, sex, language
Sovereignty/independence for countries
International co-operation to solve
economic, social, humanitarian crises
Economic stability

UN

Cold War
Cold War between USA & USSR
most intense 1950s and the late
1970s.
Both forced their ideology on ally
countries with warfare or
financing
Nuclear war a major threat
E.g. USA gave & loaned billions of
dollars post WWII to Europe so
they agreed to stay capitalist
E.g. 2 Proxy wars like Vietnam,
Korea, Soviet-Afghan where each
side financed & supplied the side
that promoted their ideology

Loans, bailouts and US victory

The USA won the Cold War and
most former Soviet allies follow a
capitalist economic model now
USA loaned billions of dollars to
Europe in the 1960s with the
Marshall Plan to buy their alliance
World-wide, the USA supported
their political allies with $ and
weapons (including the Taliban
who fought against the USSR in
the 1970soops!)

Right to Bear Nuclear Arms

1968 Nuclear NonProliferation Treaty (NNPT)
189 members
5the 5 permanent members
of the UN security council
are allowed to have nuclear
arms (USA, China, Russia,
UK, France)
non-parties are believed to
possess nuclear weapons
North Korea, India, Pakistan
Read pg. 258 about Irans
conflict with the UN over thishttp://www.youtube.com/watch?
issue
v=VVPAAEPkbTs

Sanctions can be
1. Economic-refusal to trade with, invest in or allow people
from said country to own property abroad
2. Diplomatic- removal of ties between governments, such as
taking out embassies, not attending political meetings,
requiring expensive visas for citizens of a tense country to
enter other states
3. Sport sanctions- not allowing a countrys people to compete
in tournaments, competitions.

International sanctions applied by the UN. 193 member

states make up the entire world, and members who dont
participate are frowned upon.
*sanctions can also be applied by individual states
unilaterally, bilaterally or multilaterally.

*UN also sanctions Guinea-Bissau, Eritrea,

Recent sanctions

Lebanon Sudan, Somalia

US also sanctions Belarus, Iraq, Liberia, Sudan,
Somalia

Country/grp UN

US conditions

Stated reasons why

Iran

No foreign aid or investment to Iran,

ban in US on Iranian imports, US
banks cannot handle Iranian govt
funds, USs ppl may not buy oil or
gas from Iran

Producing nuclear weapons & other

WMDs when not allowed by UN decree

North Korea

No foreign investment in NK or
purchase of N. Korean goods, no
diplomatic relations with Western
powers

Human rights violations, illegal

possession of nuclear arms, isolationist
policy, communist dictatorship

Zimbabwe

No US investment in Zimbabwe.
Blocking property ownership of
Mugabe & Zanu PF outside Zimb.

Democracy not upheld (election fraud).

Human rights violations

Congo

No property ownership for anyone

assoc with military groups

Rebel militias commit crimes against

civilians incl rape, torture, mutilation,
child soldiers

Libya

Libyan oil not bought by US or her

allies.
Gadhafis regime cant buy property
outside Libya during civil war 2011

Oppression of people, Gadhafis refusal

to step down from power,

Cuba

Trade with Cuba blocked from US &

its allies; US citizens cant travel
there

Communist govt with historical tensions

with US dating back to Cuban Missile
Crisis of Cold War

Burma

No foreign investment in Burma

(lifted 2012), limited diplomatic

Human rights violations & not allowing

democratically elected Suu Kyi to rule

Spread of pop culture

The same companies sell
their same products to
people all over the world,
making our cultures more
similar
Some fear its Americanizing
us
The trend is called
universalization of pop
culture

Free Trade
Free trade = trade of goods
across borders with
lower/no taxes/tariffs
Company just pays labour,
materials and shipping
Can sell or make anywhere
in the world

Opposite = economic
protectionism (adding tax to
foreign goods) to boost sales
of local ones

outsourcing
Outsourcing = getting work completed out- side of the corporations home
country
Corporations look for cheap labour and materials and relaxed laws about pollution,
etc.
For example, many clothes are made in Vietnam for American and European
companies like Gap, Old Navy, Carters, H&M, Nike, Zara

Analyze outsourcing

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=aqhjNJkvC9w
http://www.theonion.com/video/moreamerican-workers-outsourcing-own-jobsoversea,14329/

Advantages
1-boosts
developing
economies
2

Disadvantages

WTO

https://www.youtube.com/user/WTO

Advantages

disadvantages

Cheaper stuff
More profit to business
Less government control
People worldwide have access to the
same products

Too much stuff produced & sold

Helps corporations grow stronger than
governments
Doesnt allow small businesses to
compete

Rise of the Corporation

With global markets,
profits have soared
The rich are richer and
the world has fewer
limits to them
Corporations employ
lobbyists in
democracies to
persuade government to
pass laws that benefit
their business

Issues of 2015
When leaders meet in Elmau,
Germany theyll discuss

Digital age
For people and
businesses, their digital
presence is almost as
important as their
personal character
Your potential boss will
check your Facebook
page, Twitter, etc. &
may expect a website