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UV
maruz
UV
ile
uyarlan
primidin
dimerlerinin
onarm
mekanizmalarndan biri, direk geri dntrlmesidir.
Siklobutan halkasnn krlmas iin gerekli enerji ktan
eldesine fotoreaktivasyon denir.
Global genomik
transkripsiyondan
onarm
onarm (GGR),
bamsz
olan
Rekombinasyon Tamiri
DNA hasar dier tamir sistemleri ile tamir edilmise,
replikasyondan sonra aktif olan mekanizmadr.
Bir lezyon bulunduran DNA replike olurken, DNA polimeraz
nce lezyonda duraklar.
Hasarl blgeyi de iine alacak ekilde boluk brakarak atlar,
senteze devam eder.
RecA proteini, rekombinasyonel bir dei toku ile hasarsz
komplementer transfer eder.
Komplementer zincirde oluan boluk DNA polimeraz-ligaz
enzimleri sayesinde doldurulur.
SOS Tamiri
DNA hasarnn yksek olduu ve dier tamir
mekanizmalarnn da baarl olmad durumda devreye
giren acil cevap sistemidir.
DNA sentezi srasnda bir lezyonun zerinde atlamak yerine
DNA polimeraz lezyon karsnda replikasyonu devam
ettirmesini salar.
Fakat replikasyonun doruluundan fedakarlk edilir. Hataya
meyilli sistem de denir.
Non-homolog rekombinasyon
rn
Hasar tanma enzimi
Helikaz
DNA ya balanan proteinler
Helikaz
5 nukleaz
3 nukleaz
Disease
Cellular characteristics
Cloned genes
Fanconi
s anemia (FA)
BLM*
Premature aging.
Retarded growth.
Hyperrecombination.
Defective DNA initiation and
chain elongation.
WRN*
Cerebellar ataxia.
Mental retardation.
Partial immunodeficiency.
Predisposition to malignancy.
Hypersensitivity to ionizing
ATM
radiation and some chemical agents.
Spontaneous chromosomal aberrations.
Radio resistant DNA synthesis
Hereditary nonpolyposis
colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
hMSH2
hMLH1
hPMS1
hPMS2
Cells inactivated in one of these
BRCA1
genes are sensitive to ionizing radiation. BRCA2
Syndrome
Cellular characteristics
Cloned genes
Sunlight hypersensitivity.
High incidence of skin cancer.
Frequent neurological abnormalities.
Premature aging.
XPA
XPB*
XPC
XPD*
XPF
XPG
Sun sensitivity.
Mental retardation (microcephaly).
Dwarfism.
Normally no cancer is associated.
CSA
CSB
XPB*
XPD*
XPG
Trichothiodystrophy (TTD)
Sensitive skin.
Brittle hair and nails.
Frequent physical and mental retardation.
Normally no cancer is associated.
Defective repair.
XPB*
Three complementation groups
XPD*
(including TTD-A, not cloned).
Normal immunological responses to
UV light (contrary to XP patients with mutations in the same
gene).