Tornike SurRulaia

amerikisa da didi britaneTis specsamsaxurebi

Tbilisi
2013

istoriis doqtori, profesori Tornike SurRulaia wignSi amerikis da

didi britaneTis specsamsaxurebi arasaidumlo wyaroebsa da oficialur
dokumentebze dayrdnobiT mecnierulad aanalizebs amerikis da didi
britaneTis specsamsaxurebis rols aRniSnuli qveynebis ganviTarebaSi,
mimoixilavs maT sistemas da maTi saqmianobis Tavsebadobas qveynis
sakanonmdeblo bazasTan da saerTaSoriso samarTalTan. wignSi ZiriTadi
aqcentebi keTdeba politikuri da samxedro dazvervis aspeqtebze. avtoris
azriT
dazverva
informaciis
mopovebis
xelovnebaa,
xolo
Zlieri
specsamsaxurebi ki Zlieri saxelmwifos tolia.

redaqtori:

recenzentebi:

Temur SurRulaia
iuristi, policiis vice-polkovniki
avTandil sonRulaSvili
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori
gela caava
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis, humanitarul
mecnierebaTa fakultetis doqtoranti,
policiis kapitani

teqnikuri redaqtori:

nugzar sotkilava
Jurnalisti

ISBN
Tornike SurRulaia, Tbilisi 2013.

sarCevi

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis specsamsaxurebi "dazvervis Tanamegobroba"

strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisi

centraluri sadazvervo saagentos specaqciebi

Zalis diplomatia amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sagareo politikis

arsenalSi
agenturuli saqmianobis specifika

centraluri sadazvervo saagentos CIA-is Seqmna

dazvervis saqmianobis istoriuli analizi
sagareo dazvervis strategia

gamoZiebis federaluri biuro da interpoli

gamoZiebis federaluri biuros gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebaTa

analizis erovnuli centri
Sida usafrTxoebis departamenti

Tavdacvis departamentis dazvervis saagento

Tavdacvis departamentis kontrdazvervis samsaxuri

nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagento (NSA)

geosivrciTi

dazvervis erovnuli saagento

samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisi

specialuri operaciebis sardloba

specialuri daniSnulebis diversiuli-sadazvervo razmebi

specoperacia `neptunis samkapi~

armiis dazvervisa da uSiSroebis sardloba

samxedro-sahaero Zalebis dazverva

samxedro-sazRvao Zalebis dazverva

didi britaneTis specsamsaxurebi "sistemis zogadi mimoxilva"

saxelmwifo uSiSroebis samsaxuri (MI-5)

dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuri - SIS (MI-6)

samTavrobo komunikaciebis centri

britaneTis samxedro dazvervis saagento

specialuri sahaero samsaxuri - SAS

specsamsaxurebis anbani

gamoyenebuli wyaroebi da literatura

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis specsamsaxurebi

"dazvervis Tanamegobroba"
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi 16 saagentosgan Semdgari e.w. dazvervis
Tanamegobroba arsebobs, romelic
amerikis erovnuli interesebidan
gamomdinare
moqmedebs.
dazvervis
Tanamegobrobis
mier
mopovebuli
informaciis
safuZvelze
ganisazRvreba
aSS-s
saSinao
da
sagareo
politikuri kursi. erovnuli usafrTxoebis dacvis mizniT dazvervis
samsaxurebi aqtiurad axorcieleben sxvadasxva tipis prevenciul specialur
RonisZiebebs, rogorc lokalurad ise globaluri maStabiT. saqmianobis
specifikidan gamomdinare `dazverva informaciis mopovebis xelovnebaa.
dazverva
saxelmwifos
moRvaweobis
erT-erTi
sferoa,
romelic
saerTaSoriso politikis sxva moqmedi pirebis da saxelmwifoebis
SesaZleblobebisa
da
ganzraxvebis
Sesaxeb
informaciis
Segrovebas
iTvaliswinebs. sadazvervo informacia SeiZleba mopovebul iqnas Ria,
masmediisa da diplomatiuri wyaroebis gamoyenebiT, an konspiraciuli
meTodebiT. dazvervis mTavari mizania monacemebis Segroveba, gaanalizeba,
Sefaseba da rekomendaciebis momzadeba saxelmwifos meTaurisTvis da sxva
oficialuri
pirebisTvis
gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis
gasaadvileblad.
dazvervis teqnikuri saSualebebis ganviTarebas jaSuSobis roli ar
daukninebia, radgan bolo aTwleulebSi problemad rCeba ara imdenad
informaciis mopoveba, ramdenadac misi swori analizi. adamianuri faqtoris
roli informaciis mniSvnelobis Sefasebisas jer Seucvlelia.
aSS-Si ramdenime tipis dazverva funqcionirebs: politikuri dazverva,
samxedro dazverva da federalur aRmasrulebel departamentebSi moqmedi
specialuri analizis ofisebi.
aSS-Si regularulad gamoicema normatiuli aqtebis krebuli dazvervis
Tanamegobrobis saqmianobis Sesaxeb `Compilation on intelligence laws and relaited laws
and executive orders of interest to the national intelligence community, romelSic asobiT
moqmedi normatiuli aqtia gaerTianebuli.
umniSvnelovanesia 1947 wlis kanoni erovnuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb.
aRniSnuli kanoniT damtkicda erovnuli usafrTxoebis uzrunvelmyofi
meqanizmi, romelic Sedgeba erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWosgan, Tavdacvis
departamentisa da centraluri sadazvervo saagentosgan. aRniSnuli kanonis
102-e muxliT daarsda damoukidebeli samsaxuri, centraluri sadazvervo
saagento, romlis funqciebSi Sevida yvela tipis dazvervis qvedanayofebis
saqmianobis koordinacia. centraluri dazvervis saagentos saTaveSi Caudga
direqtori, romlis uwyeba daeqvemdebara erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos.
dazvervaze zedamxedvelobis kanoni uSualod prezidentis kontrols
awesebs saidumlo operaciebis warmoebaze, xolo 1988 wlis kanoni aZlierebs
prezidentis kongresisadmi angariSvaldebulebas saidumlo operaciebis
warmoebis sakiTxebSi.

1982 wlis kanoni dazvervis samsaxurebis piradi Semadgenlobis dacvis

Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli kanoni krZalavs centraluri sadazvervo saagentos
piradi Semadgenlobis an misi agenturis Sesaxeb raime saxis informaciis
gavrcelebas. aRniSnuli tipis qmedeba mkacrad isjeba kanoniT, romelic
vrceldeba, rogorc rigiT moqalaqeebze ise saxelmwifo moxeleebzec da
risTvisac gaTvaliswinebulia sasjeli xangrZlivi vadiT patimroba.
1984 wlis kanoniT informaciis gavrcelebis Sesaxeb centraluri
sadazvervo saagento ganTavisuflda 1966 wlis informaciuli Tavisuflebis
kanonisgan. dazvervis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli yvela tipis informacia
unda
gamoqveynebuliyo
mxolod
centralur
sadazvervo
saagentoSi
ganxilvis Semdeg.
1949 wlis kanoni centraluri sadazvervo saagentos Sesaxeb ZiriTadad
exeba
dazvervis
finansuri
saqmianobis
regulirebas,
mis
ZiriTad
saqmianobas, centraluri sadazvervo saagentos informaciis dacviT
sakanonmdeblo meqanizmebs da aSS-s moqalaqeobis miniWebis gaadvilebul
pirobebs im pirTaTvis vinc TanamSromlobda da exmareboda centralur
sadazvervo saagentos.
1964 wlis kanoni centraluri sadazvervo saagentos TanamSromlTa
pensiebze.
aSS-s
yvela
saxelmwifo
dawesebulebis
mosamsaxureebi
sargebloben saerTo saxelmwifo sabiujeto fondiT, xolo centraluri
sadazvervo
saagentos
TanamSromlebisTvis
aRniSnuli
kanonmdebloba
iTvaliswinebs specialur sapensio uzrunvelyofas.
aSS-s erovnuli usafrTxoebis sistemis ganmtkicebis mizniT damtkicda
1959 wlis kanoni nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentos Sesaxeb. 1978 wels
amoqmedda kanoni, romelic aregulirebs ucxoeTis dazvervis samsaxurebis
saqmianobaze dakvirvebis warmoebis meTodebs.
aSS-s dazvervis erTiani sistema Seiqmna 1981 wlis 4 dekembers prezident
ronald reiganis mier aRmasrulebel kanonze # 12333 xelmoweris Semdeg.
saxelmwifo
gankargulebis
#
12333
mixedviT
aSS-s
Tanamegobrobis miznebs ZiriTadad 6 prioriteti gansazRvravs:
-

dazvervis

qveynis
prezidentisTvis,
erovnuli
uSiSroebis
sabWosTvis,
saxelmwifo mdivnisTvis, Tavdacvis mdivnisa da sxva aRmasrulebeli
xelisuflebis liderebisaTvis faseuli informaciis mopoveba da
drouli miwodeba qveynis strategiuli kursis gasatareblad.
dazvervis ganviTareba da organizeba.
faseuli
informaciis
mopoveba
saerTaSoriso
teroristuli
organizaciebis, mtruli saxelmwifoebis dazvervis samsaxurebis da
narko-sindikatebis moqmedebis da gegmebis Sesaxeb SemdgomSi maT
winaaRmdeg winaswari prevenciuli specaqciebis droulad Catarebis da
safrTxis aRmofxvris mizniT.
specialuri RonisZiebebi aSS-s sagareo politikuri miznebis da
interesebis farulad mxardaWera ucxoeTis qveynebSi, RonisZiebis tipi

romelic oficialurad ar aris aRiarebuli zesaxelmwifos mier da

misi mizani ar warmoadgens pirdapir Carevas sxva qveynis politikur
procesebSi da sazogadoebriv azrsa da masmediaze zemoqmedebas,
aramed konkretuli mizniT moqmedeben konspiraciis pirobebSi.
dazvervis xelmZRvaneloba da mxardaWera aSS-sa da sazRvargareT, rac
aucilebelia
damtkicebuli
RonisZiebebis
srulyofilad
Sesasruleblad.
gansakuTrebuli tipis sadazvervo RonisZiebani, romelsac drodadro
warmarTavs prezidenti.

dazvervis
16
saagentodan
centraluri
sadazvervo
saagento
damoukidebel
organos
warmoadgens,
sxva
danarCeni
15
elementi,
sammarTvelo, saagento Tu biuro imyofebian federaluri aRmasrulebeli
uwyebebis SemadgenlobaSi. aSS-s dazvervis sistemas xelmZRvanelobs
erovnuli dazvervis direqtori, presidentis mrCeveli dazvervis da
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi, romelic uSualod amerikis prezidentis winaSea
pasuxismgebeli.
dazvervis
ZiriTadi
saagentoebis
garda
arseboben
sxvadasxva uwyebis samsaxurebi, romlebic ZiriTadi dazvervis saagentoebis
saqmianobis dublirebas axdenen, Tumca es saqmianoba efeqturia da
informaciis gadamowmebis erTgvar saSualebas warmoadgens. aSS-s dazvervis
sistemis elementebia:
aSS-s centraluri sadazvervo saagento
aSS-s Tavdacvis departamenti:
- samxedro sahaero Zalebis dazvervis saagento, dakvirveba da dazverva
- amerikis armiis dazverva da usafrTxoebis sardloba
- Tavdacvis departamentis dazvervis saagento
- sazRvao qveiTi korpusis dazverva
- geo-sivrciTi dazvervis erovnuli saagento
- samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisi
- erovnuli usafrTxoebis saagento
- samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis ofisi
aSS-s energetikis departamenti
- dazvervisa da kontrdazvervis ofisi
aSS-s erovnuli usafrTxoebis departamenti
- dazvervisa da analizis ofisi
- sanapiro dacvis dazverva

 aSS-s iusticiis departamenti

- gamoZiebis federaluri biuro
- narkotikebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli saaRmsruleblo administracia
aSS-s saxelmwifo departamenti
- dazvervisa da kvlevebis biuro
aSS-s xazinis departamenti
- finansuri dazvervis da terorizmis Seswavlis ofisi
aRniSnuli dazvervis specsamsaxurebi qmnian im sistemas, romelsac
emyareba
aSS-s
erovnuli
usafrTxoeba.
2005
wlamde
dazvervis
Tanamegobrobas xelmZRvanelobda centraluri dazvervis direqtori, anu
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos direqtori, xolo ukve 2005 wlidan aSS-s
dazvervis Tanamegobrobas saTaveSi Caudga erovnuli dazvervis direqtori.
dazvervis reformis da terorizmis prevenciis 2004 wlis aqtiT daarsda
erovnuli dazvervis direqtoris ofisi, rogorc damoukidebeli saagento,
romelic
erovnuli
dazvervis
direqtoris
damxmare
struqturas
warmoadgens.
erovnuli
kontrteroristuli
centri
mniSvnelovani
organizaciaa,
romelic
erovnuli
dazvervis
direqtoris
ofisis
SemadgenlobaSi daarsebis dRidan funqcionirebs da misi ganuyofeli
nawilia.
erovnuli dazvervis direqtoris ofisis struqtura:
dazvervis Stabis xelmZRvaneli, pasuxismgebelia mTlianad struqturis
saqmianobis sinqronizaciaze. igi xelmZRvanelobs Semdeg ganyofilebebs:
-

aRmasrulebeli mdivnis kancelaria

samarTlebriv sakiTxTa ganyofileba
sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis ganyofileba
administraciis ganyofileba
protokolis ganyofileba

erovnuli dazvervis direqtoris moadgile monacemTa Segrovebis

sakiTxebSi awarmoebs erovnuli dazvervis direqtoris kontrolis qveS
myofi yvela dazvervis samsaxuris mier mopovebuli strategiuli
informaciis koordinacias da kontrols, raTa erovnuli dazvervis
strategia da prioritetebi Seesabamebodes samomavlo gegmebis dasaxvisas
da gadawyvetilebis miRebisas saerTo erovnul interesebs. erovnuli
dazvervis direqtoris moadgiles monacemTa Segrovebis sakiTxebSi hyavs

oTxi TanaSemwe:
-

TanaSemwe
teqnikuri
saSualebebiT
informaciis
mopovebis
kibersivrcis marTvis sakiTxebSi
TanaSemwe agenturuli dazvervis sakiTxebSi
TanaSemwe Ria wyaroebidan monacemTa mopovebis sakiTxebSi
TanaSemwe teqnikur sakiTxebSi

da

erovnuli dazvervis direqtoris moadgile analitikis sakiTxebSi, amave

dros erovnuli dazvervis sabWos Tavjdomare, mTavari specialisti
analitikuri RonisZiebebis sferoSi, hyavs 6 TanaSemwe:
-

TanaSemwe erovnuli dazvervis sabWos sakiTxebSi, amave dros

erovnuli dazvervis sabWos Tavjdomaris moadgile
TanaSemwe prezidentisaTvis yoveldRiuri analitikuri mimoxilvis
damuSavebisa da wardgenis sakiTxebSi
TanaSemwe analitikuri misiebis marTvis sakiTxebSi
TanaSemwe integraciisa da analitikuri monacemebis standartizaciis
sakiTxebSi (analitikuri ombudsmeni)
TanaSemwe teqnologiebsa da analitikuri monacemebis gardaqmnis
sakiTxebSi
TanaSemwe dazvervis Tanamegobrobis urTierTqmedebis sakiTxebSi

erovnuli dazvervis direqtoris ofiss emorCileba damoukidebeli da

Zlieri centraluri sadazvervo saagentoc. erovnuli dazvervis direqtors
araaqvs ufleba pirdapir Caerios Tavdacvis departamentis, erovnuli
usafrTxoebis saagentos Tu sxva romelime saagentos Tu biuros sakadro
politikaSi, misi ZiriTadi funqciaa da ZiriTadi amocanaa miRebuli
informaciis ganzogadeba da maTi saqmianobis zogadi kontroli da
koordinacia.
calkeuli
uwyebebis
marTva
xorcieldeba
maTi
xelmZRvanelebis mier, romlebic angariSvaldebulni arian uSualod aSS-s
prezidentis winaSe.
aSS-s dazvervis Tanamegobrobis saerTo organizeba pirvel rigSi
regulirdeba 1947 wels miRebuli erovnuli usafrTxoebis kanoniT da
mTavrobis
Semdgomi
gankargulebebis
mixedviT,
romlis
mixedviTac
reglamentirebulia
organizaciaTa
urTierTobebi.
Semdgom
periodSi
aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo baza Zireulad gadaixeda da ewoda kanoni
dazvervis reformisa da terorizmis aRkveTis Sesaxeb da Sesworebebi 1947
wlis erovnuli usafrTxoebis kanonSi.
erovnuli dazvervis direqtori, dazvervis Tanamegobrobis
sferoebis xelmZRvanelobas da kontrols anxorcielebs:
-

Semdegi

dazvervis uwyebebis biujetis programebze kontroli

aSS-s dazvervis TanamegobrobisTvis miznebis, prioritetebis
saxelmZRvanelo principebis dadgena.

da

marTavs da xelmZRvanelobs dazvervis miznebs, informaciis mopovebas,

analizs, warmoebas da aSS-s dazvervis Tanamegobrobis mier erovnuli
dazvervis elementebis gavrcelebas

erovnuli dazvervis direqtors, rogorc maRla aRiniSna dazvervis

Tanamegobrobis sistemaSi myofi uwyebebis TanamSromelTa samsaxuridan
ganTavisuflebis an miRebis ufleba araaqvs. garda amisa uwyebis
direqtorebi
kanonis
mixedviT
pasuxismgebelni
arian
mxolod
aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis umaRlesi Tanamdebobrivi pirebis da
prezidentis winaSe. erovnuli dazvervis direqtors kanonis moTxovniT
Tavisi saqmianobis Sesaxeb oficialur moxsenebebs awodebs mxolod
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos direqtori.
9/11-is movlenebis Semdeg aSkara iyo dazvervis samsaxurebis saqmianobis
araefeqturoba da Cavardna, ris Semdegac Seiqmna mniSvnelovani komisiebi:
aSS-ze
teroristuli
Tavdasxmebis
erovnuli
komisia,
masobrivi
ganadgurebis iaraRze kontrolis erovnuli komisia da kongresis sxva
mravali specialuri komisia, ramac aCvena, rom dazvervis sistemaSi
aucilebeli iyo makoordinirebeli struqturis Seqmna, romelic aSS-s
dazvervis struqturebis menejments awarmoebda.
adreul
periodSi
uwyebaTaSorisi
jansaRi
TanamSromloba
da
informaciis gacvla saagentoebs Soris garTulebuli iyo, es Cveni azriT
gamowveuli iyo dazvervis saagentoebs Soris konkurenciis da erTiani
mmarTveli organos ar arsebobis gamo. aRniSnuli mizezis aRmofxvris
mizniT daiwyo modernizaciis etapi, romlis mizani gaxldaT uwyebaTaSorisi
TanamSromlobis gamartiveba da muSaobis axal stilze gadawyoba, rac
moicavs
teqnologiur,
struqturul,
procedurul
da
kulturul
ganzomilebebs. swored uwyebaTaSorisi urTierTobebis koordinaciis da
regulirebis mizniT Seiqmna erovnuli dazvervis direqtoris posti, misi
ofisi da erovnuli antiteroristuli centri.
kanonmdeblobaSi
aRniSnuli
iniciativebi
gamyarebulia
dazvervis
reformirebis da terorizmis aRkveTis 2004 wlis kanoniT da xelisuflebis
# 13354 da # 13388 gankargulebebis Sesabamisad.
aSS-s dazvervis Tanamegobrobis saqmianoba xorcieldeba ori calkeuli
programis farglebSi:
-

erovnuli dazvervis programa adre cnobili gaxldaT, rogorc

erovnuli sagareo dazvervis programa, 1947 wlis erovnuli
usafrTxoebis kanonis Tanaxmad exeboda dazvervis yvela proeqts da
programas garda Tavdacvis departamentis saagentoebis programebis,
proeqtebis da specifikuri taqtikuri saqmianobisa, kanonis mixedviT
erovnuli dazvervis direqtori pasuxismgebelia saerTo programebis
xelmZRvanelobaze da kontrolze, Tumca aris momentebi sadac misi
uflebamosilebani SezRudulia.
samxedro
dazvervis
programa
exeba
da
aregulirebs
aSS-s
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis sadazvervo programebs, proeqtebs da taqtikuri

RonisZiebebis
gamarTulad
warmoebas.
2005
wels
Tavdacvis
departamentma warmoadgina samxedro da strategiuli dazvervis
erToblivi moRvaweobis, programa, Tumca aris situaciebi, rodesac
praqtikaSi erToblivi programiT moqmedeba
xSirad
Tavdacvis
departamentis mxridan garTulebebiT mimdinareobda, radgan Tavdacvis
departamenti iSviaTad midis daTmobebze, surs mtkice poziciebis da
ambiciebis gamyareba da SenarCuneba.
aSS-is dazvervis biujeti aTwleulebis manZilze:

FISCAL YEAR
fiskaluri weli
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
1998
1997

NIP BUDGET
erovnuli dazvervis
programebis biujeti
53.9 miliardi $
54.6 miliardi $
53.1 miliardi $
49.8 miliardi $
47.5 miliardi $
43.5 miliardi $
40.9 miliardi $
44.0 miliardi $
39.8 miliardi $
26.7 miliardi $
26.6 miliardi $

MIP BUDGET
samxedro dazvervis
programebis biujeti
21.5 miliardi $
24 miliardi $
27 miliardi $
26.4 miliardi $
22.9 miliardi $
20 miliardi $

TOTAL
saerTo jami
75.4 miliardi
78.6 miliardi
80.1 miliardi
76.2 miliardi
70.4 miliardi
63.5 miliardi

strategiuli
dazvervis
organoebisTvis
biujetis
gazrdis
rCeva
xelisuflebas 9/11-is specialurma komisiam misca, rac maTi azriT ufro
nayofier Sedegebs moutanda qveynis interesebs da dazvervis saqmianobac
metad efeqturi iqneboda. is Tu rogor nawildeba Tanxebi dazvervis
samsaxurebs Soris gasaidumloebulia, Tumca cnobilia is rom biujeti
ixarjeba mraval miliardiani satelituri proeqtebis, safreni teqnikis da
aparatebis, specialuri SeiaraRebisTvis, eleqtronuli sensorebisTvis,
sadazvervo analizisTvis, specialuri aRWurvilobisTvis, SpionaJisTvis,
kompiuteruli teqnikisa da misi programuli uzrunvelyofisTvis.
dazvervis
sistemaze
zedamxedvelobas
anxorcielebs,
rogorc
aRmasrulebeli ise sakanonmdeblo Sto. uSualo kontrols aRmasrulebeli
xelisuflebidan awarmoeben:
-

prezidentis sagareo dazvervis mrCevelTa sabWo

erTiani dazvervis sabWo
generaluri inspeqtoris ofisi
marTvis da biujetis ofisi

kongresis mxridan dazvervis erTian sistemaze kontrols awarmoebs ori

komiteti:

$
$
$
$
$
$

aSS-s warmomadgenelTa palatis dazvervis sakiTxTa komiteti

aSS-s senatis dazvervis sakiTxTa komiteti

aSS-s warmomadgenelTa palatis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis komiteti da

senatis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis komiteti aregulireben Tavdacvis sferos
sakanonmdeblo bazas da amtkiceben Tavdacvis sistemis biujets.
rogorc vxedavT aSS-s dazvervis sistema da struqtura metad
specifikuria da mis gasaazreblad sxvadasxva specialuri disciplinebis
codna aris aucilebeli.

strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisi

meore msoflio omamde aSS-s dazvervis sistema ramdenime damoukidebeli
organizaciisgan Sedgeboda, romlebic kripto-analizis samsaxurebisgan
gansxvavebiT naklebad koordinirebuli da aqedan gamomdinare araefeqturi
gaxldaT. yvelaze didi Cavardnebi aSS-s dazvervas, mopovebuli informaciis
analizisa da misi momxmareblamde droulad miwodebis sakiTxebSi hqonda.
aSS-s prezidenti sawyis etapze ar iyo centraluri dazvervis struqturis
Seqmnis momxre, magram mogvianebiT situaciidan gamomdinare gaacnobiera
efeqturi dazvervis sistemis droulad Seqmnis aucilebloba. prezidentma
franklin
delano
ruzveltma
mTavrobasTan
konsultaciebis
Semdeg
ganacxada, rom amerikis sasicocxlo interesebisTvis aucilebeli iyo
efeqturi dazvervis warmoeba, Tanac iseT periodSi, rodesac TiTqmis mTeli
kacobrioba meore msoflio omSi ebmeboda. gadawyda SeeqmnaT Zlieri
sadazvervo organizacia, romlis xelmZRvaneli uSualod aSS-s prezidents
miawodebda kvalificiurad gaanalizebul strategiul informacias.
aSS-s aRniSnuli etapisTvis ar hqonda gamocdileba centralizebuli
struqturebis Seqmnis sferoSi, ris gamoc franklin delano ruzveltma
ingliselebTan SeTanxmebiT rekomendaciebis miRebis mizniT 1940 wels
londonSi wargzavna niu-iorkis StatSi cnobili advokati da dazvervis
axali samsaxuris xelmZRvanelobis kandidati viliam donovani. donovani
londonSi protokolis dacviT umaRles doneze miiRes. donovani Sexvda
mefe georg meeqvses da premier ministr vinston CerCils. britaneTis
dazvervis samsaxuris (MI-6) xelmZRvanelma stiuart menzisma amerikel
stumars detalurad gaacno britaneTis dazvervis struqtura da muSaobis
meTodebi, londonis sahaero dacvis sistema da qveiTi jarebis dislokaciis
adgili, romlebic srul mzadyofnaSi imyofebodnen me-3 reixis desantis
winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad. aSS-s elCi londonSi jozef patrik kenedi
ruzvelts atyobinebda, rom inglisi gatexili iyo da hitleris gamarjveba
mxolod drois ambavi iyo. donovanis erT-erTi misia britaneTSi arsebul
situaciaSi garkvevac warmoadgenda. ingliselebma dazvervis sferoSi
partniorobiT
da
keTilmosurne
gaxsnili
urTierTobis
wyalobiT,
donovanis saxiT aSS-s meore msoflio omSi CarTvis kidev erTi momxre
SeiZines, romelsac argumentirebulad SeeZlo ruzveltisTvis da amerikis
kongresisTvis daemtkicebina msoflio omSi Cabmis aucilebloba. inglisis
mcdelobam aqtiuri partnioroba daemyarebina amerikasTan, dauyonebliv
gamoiRo Sedegi, aSS-s prezidentma ingliss gadasca 50 gamanadgurebeli
sazRvao xomaldi, samagierod aSS-s sazRvao Zalebma inglisisgan miiRes
atlantis okeanis da karibis zRvis kunZulebze ganTavsebuli inglisis
bazebis gamoyenebis ufleba.
1941 wlis dasawyisSi donovani britaneTis dazvervis warmomadgenelTan,
stivensonTan erTad oficialuri vizitiT ewvia londons sadac Sexvda
vinston CerCils da sxva oficialur pirebs. londonis Semdeg mTel rig
qveynebSi saqmiani vizitebis dasrulebis Semdeg vaSingtonSi dabrunebul
donovans problemebis kaskadi daxvda, samxedro dazvervis xelmZRvaneli

generali
mailsi
da
gamoZiebis
federaluri
biuros
direqtori
konkurenciis
SiSiT
Sepyrobilni
axali
specsamsaxuris
Seqmnis
kategoriulad winaaRmdegni iyvnen. donovans didi Zalisxmeva dasWirda
daerwmunebina
kongresis
izolacionisti
deputatebi
da
konkurenti
specsamsaxurebi, Tu ramdenad didi mniSvneloba hqonda strategiuli
dazvervis axali struqturis Seqmnas da mis globalur maStabebze
moqmedebas.
1941 wlis 11 ivliss franklin delano ruzveltis brZanebiT Seiqmna
informaciis koordinaciis biuro, romlis koordinatorad dainiSna viliam
donovani. biuros ZiriTadi amocana iyo erovnuli usafrTxoebis sakiTxebTan
dakavSirebuli informaciis mopoveba, damuSaveba da prezidentisTvis
miwodeba. sawyis etapze biuroSi 92 TanamSromeli msaxurobda, xolo ukve
1941 wlis dekemberSi biuro ukve 500-ze met TanamSromels iTvlida. axali
specsamsaxuris struqturis modeli ZiriTadad britaneTis specialuri
operaciebis sammarTvelos magaliTze iyo formirebuli. biuroSi Sedioda
sami
ganyofileba:
kvlevebis
da
analizis
ganyofileba,
romelic
axorcielebda Ria wyaroebidan miRebuli informaciis ganzogadebas,
ganyofileba
ZiriTadad
kompleqtdeboda
elituri
universitetebis
mecnierebiT. danarCeni ori ganyofileba pasuxismgebeli iyo propagandis,
fsiqologiuri omis, agenturuli dazvervis da specialuri operaciebis
warmoebaze. Servudis xelmZRvanelobiT muSaobda ucxoeTis informaciuli
samsaxuri, romelic RerZis qveynebis dafarvis zonaze avrcelebda
propagandistul radio gadacemebs.
axali specsamsaxuris arsebobas mkacrad akritikebdnen samxedro wreebSi,
Tumca situacia maleve Seicvala donovanis sasargeblod, mas mxardaWera
gamoucxada brigadis generalma smitma. smiti aRniSnavda, rom SeiZleboda
arsebuli specsamsaxuris saqmianobis armiis sasargeblod Semotrialeba, is
amtkicebda, rom mxari unda daeWiraT da ara winaaRmdegoba gaewiaT viliam
donovanisTvis, prezidentTan daaxloebuli pirisTvis, romelic uSualod
prezidentis winaSe iyo angariSvaldebuli. generli smitis mxardaWeris
faqti gamoiyena franklin delano ruzveltma da 1942 wlis 13 ivniss
informaciis koordinaciis biuros bazaze Seiqmna ori organizacia:
samxedro informaciis sammarTvelo da strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisi,
romlebic manamde emorCileboda gaerTianebuli Stabis xelmZRvanelTa
komitets.
strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisi struqturulad centraluri aparatis
qvedanayofebisgan da ucxoeTis misiebisgan Sedgeboda, ucxoeTis misiebs
Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovani da mravalricxovani
londonis misia iyo.
strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisis aparatSi Sedioda samdivno, uSiSroebis
ganyofileba, strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisis mTavari sabWo, kvleviTi
ganyofileba da proeqtirebis da kavSiris ganyofilebebi. dagegmarebis
jgufi uSualod ofisis direqtors emorCileboda. ofisis direqtoris erTerTi moadgile akontrolebda xuT ganyofilebas, saidumlo dazvervis
ganyofileba, romelic Sedgeboda: afrikis, evropis, axlo da Soreuli
aRmosavleTis
qveganyofilebebisgan,
aRniSnuli
rgoli
awarmoebda

agenturul dazvervas. ganyofilebaSi Sedioda ramdenime funqcionaluri

biuro: `X-2~ kontrdazverva, omis bolos aRniSnul biuroSi muSaobda 700
TanamSromeli, romelTa Soris iyvnen engeltoni, 1947 wels Seqmnil
centralur sadazvervo saagentoSi jaSuSebze aqtiuri monadire da
kontrmzveravi.
kvlevebis
da
analizis
ganyofileba
strategiuli
samsaxurebis ofisis analitikur qvedanayofs warmoadgenda, romelic
organizebuli iyo geografiuli principiT. ganyofilebis produqcias
warmoadgenda analitikuri dokumentebis da monacemebis mokled ganzogadeba
da
damuSaveba,
romelic
miewodeboda
sadazvervo
informaciis
momxmareblebs.
profesiul
aspeqtSi
es
qvedanayofi
strategiuli
samsaxurebis ofisis yvelaze kompetentur rgols warmoadgenda. ucxoeTis
moqalaqeebTan urTierTobis ganyofileba kontaqtebs awarmoebda aSS-Si myof
nacionalur jgufebTan da ucxoeTidan gamoZevebul mTavrobebTan. cenzuris
da dokumentebis ganyofileba aanalizebda cenzuris mier mopovebul da
mowinaaRmdegis radio gadacemebidan miRebul informacias, ganyofileba
agentebisTvis amzadebda yalb dokumentebs.
direqtoris
moadgiles
operaciebis
dargSi
emorCileboda
xuTi
ganyofileba: specialuri operaciebis ganyofileba, romelic mxars uWerda
partizanebis moqmedebebs okupirebul qveynebSi, amaragebda maT iaraRiT da
aRWurvilobiT, agreTve awarmoebda mowinaRmdegeebis mier dakavebul
teritoriaze diversiul aqtebs. ganyofilebis TanamSromlebis didi nawili
sxvadasxva sajariso nawilebSi SerCeuli amerikelebi iyvnen, romlebic
specialur operaciebs awarmoebdnen. omis periodSi mowinaaRmdegis zurgSi
gadasrolili iyo ganyofilebis 1600 operatiuli TanamSromeli, romlebic
jgufebad iyofodnen da mtris zurgSi moqmedebdnen. aRniSnuli tipis erTerT jgufSi muSaobda uiliam qeisi, centraluri sadazvervo saagentos
direqtori, romelic germanel samxedro tyveebs Soris awarmoebda agentebis
moZiebas.
1943
wlidan
strategiuli
samsaxurebis
ofisis
evropul
ganyofilebaSi muSaobda centraluri sadazvervo saagentos direqtori
riCard helmsi. 1944 wels identur saqmianobas awarmoebda centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos kidev erTi direqtori uiliam kolbi. moraluri
ganadgurebis ganyofileba awarmoebda mtris moralis damangrevel da
ZirgamomTxrel saqmianobas, aq Sedioda `Savi propaganda~, cru Worebis
gavrceleba, sabotaJis stimulireba da okupirebul qveynebSi mtris
sawinaaRmdego aqciebis warmoeba. specialuri proeqtebis qvedanayofi da
gansakuTrebuli sabrZolo qvedanayofi cdida agentebisTvis gankuTvnil
specSeiaraRebas da aRWurvilobas, aanalizebdnen informacias germaniis
raketebis da birTvuli potencialis Seqmnis mcdelobis Sesaxeb.
specialuri operaciebis ganyofilebisgan damoukideblad arsebobdnen 3040 kaciani `reinjerebis~ da `komandosebis~ operatiuli jgufebi, romlebsac
konkretuli davalebebiT unda emoqmedaT mtris zurgSi da mxari daeWiraT
adgilobrivi
partizanebisTvis.
britaneTis
specialuri
operaciebis
samsaxuris
daxmarebiT
amerikis
strategiuli
samsaxurebis
ofisma
britaneTis teritoriaze Seqmna diversantebis da specialuri agentebis
mosamzadebeli
skola,
romlis
kursdamTavrebulebi
imoqmedebdnen

okupirebul evropaSi. strategiuli samsaxurebis agentebTan saimedo

kavSirebis organizebis mizniT 1944 wels Seiqmna globaluri radiokavSiri.
strategiuli samsaxurebis ucxoeTis misiebi londonis garda moqmedebda
niu-deliSi, alJirSi, qairoSi da CuncinSi. strategiuli samsaxurebis
ofisis rezidentebi siRrmiseul dazvervas awarmoebdnen. 1944 wels olsonma
Svedi diplomati raul valenbergi gadmoibira, romelmac aTi aTasobiT
ungreli ebraeli gadaarCina mesame reixisgan, xolo Tavad bolos sabWoTa
cixeSi dalia suli. valenbergis mier aSS-Si gadacemuli informacia
uSualod franklin delano ruzvelts miewodeboda, amerikelebi Tavad
aRiarebdnen, rom valenbergi erTaderTi saimedo informaciis wyaro iyo.
swored valenbergis saSualebiT amyarebda strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisi
kavSirs antifaSisturi ganwyobis mqone ungrel samxedro da politikur
moRvaweebTan da cdilobda erTiani ZalebiT gaeTiSaT ungreTis da
germaniis
kavSiri.
warmatebulad
saqmianobda
bernSi
(Sveicaria)
strategiuli samsaxurebis rezidenti, Semdeg wlebSi Tavisi doqtriniT
cnobili centraluri sadazvervo saagentos direqtori alen dalesi. mis
mier Seqmnili sadazvervo qseli moqmedebda germaniaSi, CexoslovakeTSi,
safrangeTSi, iugoslaviaSi, ungreTSi, bulgareTSi, italiaSi, espaneTSi,
portugaliaSi da CrdiloeT afrikaSi, am sqemaSi moqmedebda asobiT agenti
da strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisis operatiuli TanamSromeli.
strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisma 1945 wels kontaqtebi daamyara
vietnamis frontis liderTan xoSi minTan. iaponiis jarebis winaaRmdeg
efeqturi saomari moqmedebebis warmoebisaTvis xelSewyobis mizniT amerikam
aRWurva da SeaiaraRa vietnameli partizanebi. amerikeli kvalificiuri
instruqtorebi
sistematurad
wvrTnidnen
vietnamel
partizanebs,
aswavlidnen maT diversiul da sadazvervo saqmes.
strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisma mWidro TanamSromloba daiwyo
degolis diversiul-sadazvervo samsaxurTan, e.w. aqtiuri moqmedebebis da
informaciis centralur biurosTan.
1943 wlis dekembris TveSi, moskovSi vizitiT myofma donovanma
kontaqtebi
daamyara
Sinagan
saqmeTa
saxalxo
komisariatis
xelmZRvanelobasTan. aSS-s da ssrks specsamsaxurebi SeTanxmdnen sadazvervo
strategiuli informaciis gacvlaze. amerikis mxarem okupirebul qveynebSi
momqmed sabWoTa agentebs gadasca operatiuli teqnika da daSifruli
kavSirisTvis aucilebeli aRWurviloba.
1945 wels strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisSi 13 aTasamde Statiani
TanamSromeli msaxurobda. strategiuli samsaxuris biujeti 57 milion aSS
dolars Seadgenda. strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisis da didi britaneTis
dazvervis
erToblivad
ganxorcielebuli
yvelaze
mniSvnelovani
specoperacia `keizi jonsi~ gaxlavT, romelic 1944 wels daiwyo da 1945
wlamde gagrZelda. specoperacia miznad isaxavda skandinaviis, CrdiloeT
afrikis,
centraluri
da
aRmosavleT
evropis
teritoriis
aerofotogadaRebas. gadaRebebs awarmoebda amerikisa da didi britaneTis
gamanadgureblebis 16 eskadrilia.

meore msoflio omis dasasruls donovanma axali iniciativa SesTavaza

aSS-s prezidents, strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisis bazaze SeeqmnaT
organizacia, romelic mSvidobianobis periodSi Seasrulebda centraluri
dazvervis funqciebs. ruzveltma gardacvalebis gamo ver moaswro aRniSnul
sakiTxze gadawyvetilebis miReba, xolo aSS-s axali prezidenti hari
trumani uaryofiTad Sexvda am ideas. 1945 wlis 20 seqtembers strategiuli
samsaxurebis ofisi daiSala, xolo analitikuri tipis ganyofilebebis
TanamSromlebi gadanawilda saxelmwifo departamentsa da Tavdacvis
departments Soris. donovani ganagrZobda brZolas centraluri dazvervis
axali struqturis SeqmnisTvis, man Seqmna organizacia `strategiuli
samsaxurebis veteranebi~, romelic aerTianebda dazvervis sistemis 1300
yofil TanamSromels. mTeli rigi reorganizaciis Semdeg hari trumanis
gankargulebiT Seiqmna aSS-s centraluri dazverva, Tavidan 1946 wlis 22
ianvars Seiqmna centraluri dzvervis jgufi, xolo Semdeg centraluri
sadazvervo saagento, romelSic strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisis uamravma
TanamSromelma aRidgina Tavi.
aSS-s pirveli centralizirebuli sadazvervo uwyebis Sefi viliam
donovani legendaluri piovneba da aqtiuri mzveravi gaxldaT, mas jer
kidev 1944 wlis noembers mieniWa general-maioris wodeba. Tavisi naturiT is
iyo diplomati, magram amavdroulad didi avantiuristic, romelsac
agenturasTan muSaobaze metad xiblavda specialuri operaciebis warmoeba.
kolegebma mas `veluri bili~ uwodes. hari trumani ar moiazrebda da aver
xedavda donovans axali dazvervis Sefis ampluaSi. omis dasrulebis Semdeg
generali
donovani
prokuroris
moadgilis
rangSi
monawileobda
niurnbergis procesze, Semdeg donovani dainiSna aSS-s elCad tailandSi,
aRniSnuli postidan is pensiaze gavida. generali donovani 1959 wels
gardaicvala.

centraluri sadazvervo saagentos CIA-is Seqmna

amerikelebs dazverva vaSingtonis droidan hqondaT, magram mxolod
meore msoflio omis dros gaxda saWiro organizaciis Seqmna, romelic
yvela tipis informacias erTad mouyrida Tavs. swored amitom 1942 wels
franklin delano ruzvelti Txovs niu iorkel cnobil iurist da omis
gmir viliam donovans Seqmnas sadazvervo centri, ris Sedegadac Seiqmna
strategiuli samsaxurebis ofisi (OSS), CIA-is winamorbedi specsamsaxuri.
meore msoflio omis Semdeg amerikis mTavrobam (OSS)-is daSlis brZaneba
gasca da yvela arsebuli Zalis da informaciis sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebriv
struqturebSi gadanawileba moiTxova. bevri dro ar daWirda imis mixvedras,
rom amerikis erovnuli usafrTxoebisaTvis aucilebeli iyo organizacia,
romelic gaakontrolebda sxva qveynebis qmedebebs da analizs gaukeTebda
maT strategias, amitomac 1947 wels prezidentma hari trumenma moawera xeli
nacionaluri
aqtis
xelSekrulebas,
romelmac
Seqmna
dazvervis
centraluri saagento, romlis mTavari mizani iyo qveynis interesebis
gaTvaliswinebiT informaciis mogroveba, gaanalizeba da Sefaseba.
1947 wlidan dRemde aRniSnulma dazvervis organizaciam didi gza
ganvlo, ris Sedegadac is msoflioSi arsebul specsamsaxurebs Soris erTerTi yvelaze Zlieri Zalaa. misi saqmianoba XX saukunis bolomde
gasaidumloebuli gaxldaT da maTi codna saSiSroebas warmoadgenda. CIA
aqtiurad iyo Cabmuli sabWoTa imperiis ganadgurebaSi da didi wvlili
miuZRvis aRniSnuli imperiis rRvevaSic, Tumca es faqti xSirad mecnierTa
ganxilvisa da davis sagnad rCeba. saagentos aqvs kontaqtebi msoflios
yvela kontinentze da yavs mravali gavlenis agenti, sxvadasxva gziT
amyareben kavSirebs TiTqmis yvela saxelmwifos liderTan, risi meSveobiTac
Semdeg isini akontroleben da kurireben mTeli msoflios movlenebs.
dazvervis centraluri saagento Sedgeba oTxi regionaluri nawilisagan:
Sua aRmosavleTis da CrdiloeT afrikis analizi (MENA)
samxreT aziis analizi (OSA)
ruseTisa da evropis analizis (OREA)
aziis wynari okeanis, laTinuri amerikis da afrikis analizis (APLAA)
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos struqtura:
operatiuli direqtorati-strategiul informacias moipovebs agenturuli
dazvervis saSualebiT. organizebas uwevs da axorcielebs saidumlo
operaciebs, kontrdazverviTi aqciebiT uzrunvelyofs agenturuloperatiul RonisZiebebs.

direqtoratis struqtura:
-

sagareo
dazvervis
sammarTvelo,
akontrolebs
regionaluri
ganyofilebebis operatiul saqmianobas, afasebs informaciis wyaroebis
saimedoobas. SeimuSavebs praqtikul rekomendaciebs operatiuli
qvedanayofebisTvis.
sagareo kontrdazvervis sammarTvelo, uzrunvelyofs centraluri
sadazvervo
saagentos
rezidenturebis
sadazvervo
saqmianobis
usafrTxoebas.
axorcielebs
agenturis
ucxo
qveynebis
specsamsaxurebSi SeRwevas da aqtiurad TanamSromlobs ucxo qveynis
specsamsaxurebidan gamoqceul yofil oficrebTan.
saidumlo operaciebis da teqnikuri samsaxurebis sammarTvelo,
pasuxismgebelia saidumlo operaciebis teqnikur uzrunvelyofaze.
kontrteroristuli
centri,
koordinirebas
uwevs
centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos saerTaSoriso terorizmis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli
qvedanayofebis saqmianobas.
antinarkotikuli centri, aanalizebs narkotikebTan dakavSirebul
informacias,
SeimuSavebs
da
axorcielebs
narko-sindikatebis
saqmianobis aRmkveT RonisZiebebs.

samecniero-teqnikuri direqtorati, kvlevebs awarmoebs informaciis

mopovebisTvis saWiro teqnologiebis sferoSi. direqtorati aqtiurad
TanamSromlobs aSS-s msxvil samecniero centrebTan. direqtoratis
struqturaSi Sedis:
-

teqnikuri sistemebis ganviTarebisa da kvlevebis sammarTvelo,

kvlevebs awarmoebs iseT specifikur sferoebSi rogoricaa: kavSiris
meqanizmebi, sensoruli sistemebi, naxevrad gamtarebi, xelovnuri
inteleqti da procesebis modelireba.
informaciis mimtacebeli sammarTvelo, anviTarebs da iyenebs uaxles
aparaturas, romelic aucilebelia informaciis mopovebisa da misi
Semdgomi analizisTvis.
teqnikuri uzrunvelyofis sammarTvelo, awarmoebs sxvadasxva tipis
operatiuli teqnikis kvlevas da warmoebas. ZiriTadi aqcentebi
gadatanilia: saidumlo weris saSualebebze, mosasmen aparaturaze,
faruli fotogadaRebis mowyobilobaze, kodirebisa da gaSifvris
teqnikaze.
ucxoeTis radio mauwyeblobebis makontrolebeli sainformacio
samsaxuri, xelmZRvanelobs radio sadgurebis qsels, romelic ismens
da iwers yvela mniSvnelovan ucxour gadacemas.
kosmosuri dazvervis masalebis gaSifvris erovnuli centri.

sainformacio-analitikuri direqtorati, awarmoebs strategiuli

sadazvervo informaciis klasifikacias, analizis da rekomendaciebis

momzadebas, Semdgom misi prezidentisTvis, erovnuli uSiSroebis

sabWosTvis da kongresisTvis gadacemis mizniT. aRniSnuli direqtoratis
struqturis ZiriTadi qvedanayofebia xuTi regionaluri sammarTvelo:
-

damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis

evropis
axlo aRmosavleTisa da samxreT aziis
aRmosavleT aziis
afrikisa da laTinuri amerikis

sammarTvelos
gankargulebaSia
centraluri
sadazvervo
saagentos
operatiuli
centri,
romelic
24
saaTis
ganmavlobaSi
aanalizebs
msoflioSi mimdinare movlenebs, raTa droulad iqnas aRmoCenili
krizisuli situaciebi, romlebic momavalSi SesaZlebelia daemuqros aSS-s
erovnuli usafrTxoebis interesebs.
-

SeiaraRebis sferoSi samecniero kvlevebis mwarmoebeli sammarTvelo,

axorcielebs ucxo qveynebis SeiaraRebis teqnikuri aspeqtebis da
kosmosuri
sistemebis,
birTvuli
SeiaraRebis
da
energetikis,
taqtikuri da saerTo daniSnulebis SeiaraRebis sistemebis, haer
sawinaaRmdego saSualebebis da samecniero-teqnikuri politikis
sferoSi arsebuli progresis Seswavlasa da analizs.
globaluri
problemebis
sammarTvelo,
awarmoebs
ekonomikuri,
geografiuli da teqnologiuri problemebis analizs saerTaSoriso
masStabiT.
informaciuli
resursebis
sammarTvelo,
atarebs
sainformacio
cnobaris funqciebs.
ucxoeTis liderebze arsebuli informaciis analizis sammarTvelo,
aSS-s xelmZRvanelobas awvdis ucxo qveynebis meTaurebisa da
ucxoeTis organizaciebis liderebis daxasiaTebasa da monacemebs.

administraciuli direqtorati, awarmoebs kadrebis SerCevas, momzadebas

da gadamzadebas, uzrunvelyofs saagentos personalis da obieqtebis
usafrTxoebas. administracia mudmiv reJimSi axorcielebs SifrkavSirs
rezidenturebTan. aRniSnul direqtoratSi cxra qvedanayofi Sedis:
-

kadrebis marTvis
kadrebis momzadebisa da gadamzadebis
uSiSroebis
finansuri
informaciis Zebnis da Senaxvis
kompiuteruli teqnikis
kavSiris marTvis
medicinis da sayofacxovrebo erTeulebis

 dagegmarebis direqtorati, axorcielebs dazvervis saqmianobis

koordinacias, dagegmvas da dazvervis informaciis ZiriTad momxmareblebTan mWidro urTierTobas.
aRniSnuli rgolebis garda saagentos SemadgenlobaSi funqcionirebs:
iuridiuli ganyofileba, romelic akontrolebs dazvervis TanamSromlebis
qmedebebis konstituciasTan, sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobasTan da
saagentos instruqciebTan SeTavsebadobis xarisxs.
generaluri inspeqtoris ganyofileba, aRniSnuli ganyofilebis ufross
waradgens prezidenti, xolo Tanamdebobaze amtkicebs senati. inspeqtori
angariSvaldebulia prezidentis da kongresis winaSe, magram valdebulia
Tavisi saqmianobis qmedebebi SeaTanxmos centraluri sadazvervo saagentos
direqtorTan. ganyofilebas aqvs sakuTari biujeti da Sedgeba avtonomiuri
kadrebis aparatisgan. ganyofileba iZiebs saagentos SigniT arsebul
samsaxurebriv danaSaulebebs.
finansuri revizoris ganyofileba, akontrolebs saagentos mTlian
finansur moRvaweobas. centraluri dazvervis saagentos struqturaSi
muSaobs aseve: samdivno, istoriis ganyofileba da centraluri sadazvervo
saagentos sakiTxebze arsebuli publikaciebis monitoringis sabWo.
aSS-s dazvervis centralur saagentos aqvs mWidro kavSirebi sxva
qveynebis dazvervis samsaxurebTan. iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac ramdenime
sadazvervo Zalebis gaerTianebiT Catarebula operacia, magaliTad operacia
beiruTSi an cnobili operacia qariSxali udabnoSi, romelSic inglisis,
amerikis
da
kidev
ramodenime
qveynis
sadazvervo
organizaciebi
monawileobdnen, koaliciurma operaciam sakmaod xmauriani da sasargeblo
Sedegi
gamoiRo.
organizacia
ganTqmulia
Tavisi
gawvrTnili
specdaniSnulebis razmiT, romelic asrulebs yvela saWiro davalebas, maTi
wvrTna mimdinareobs specialur sawvrTnel nawilSi, romelic mdebareobs
arlingtonSi, virjiniis StatSi. specdaniSnulebis jgufis wevrebi msaxurs
iwyeben umcrosi oficris TanamdebobiT da etapobrivad miiweven maRla
karierul ierarqiaSi. razmis wevrebi eCvevian jgufSi muSaobas da garkveul
simurilebur davalebebs asruleben, am davalebebis Sesrulebis Semdeg
isini gadayavT kemp periSi strategiuli samsaxurebis oficialur sawvrTnel
bazaze sadac amTavreben wvrTnas da organizaciis sxvadasxva qvedanayofebSi
nawildebian. aRsaniSnavia, rom aRniSnul Tematikaze mwiria informacia
qarTul enaze, aris is rac gamoqveynebulia dazvervis oficialur
dokumentebSi, romlebic gansaidumloebulia da xelmisawvdomia, anda
informacia, romelic mecnierebs an mecnierebaSi wasul yofil mzveravebs
aqvT TavianT SromebSi mocemuli an im tipis informacia, romelmac raRac
doziT gaJona presaSi da isic ucxoenaze. zogadad Znelia detalurad
daazusto is Tu rogor wvrTnian TavianTi kadris oficrebs da
specdaniSnulebis razmis wevrebs saagentoSi, radganac am tipis informacia
da TanamSromelTa umravlesobis vinaoba gasaidumloebulia.

rogorc mogexsenebaT, dazvervis centraluri saagentos Stab-bina

mdebareobs lengliSi, virjiniis StatSi, saidanac xdeba yvela dazverviTi
specaqciis kurireba da warmarTva. Senoba warmoadgens gasaidumloebul
qalaqs, sadac moxvedra ucxo pirisTvis SeuZlebelia. aq moqmedebs uaxlesi
damcavi sistemebi, rogorc kibernetikuli Tavdasxmisgan, aseve nebismieri
sxva Setevebisgan, Tundac sahaero, romlisganac Senobas ara marto uaxloes
aerodromze ganlagebuli sahaero mzveravebi icaven, aramed virjiniaSi
mdebare NASA-s erovnuli centric akvirdeba da uzrunvelyofs mis
usafrTxoebas.
saagentos zonaSi pirovneba ver moxvdeba, Tu mas specialuri Sesasvleli
saSvi ara aqvs, aq yuradReba eqceva nebismier muSaks da elementalur
Secdomazec swrafi reagirebis jgufi moqmedebs, romelic 24 saaTian
mzadyofnaSia. SenobaSi ganTavsebulia cnobili memorialuri kedeli,
romelzec gamosaxulia varskvlavebi vinaobis da nomris gareSe, es
varskvlavebi aRniSnaven im gasaidumloebul dazvervis oficrebs, romlebic
daiRupnen specoperaciebSi, am kedelze aseve mimagrebulia rkinis yuTi,
romelSic moTavsebulia sapatio wigni, am wignSi moxseniebulia TiToeuli
daRupuli oficeri da maTi wodeba, es aris erTaderTi adgili sadac Riad
weria daRupuli dazvervis oficris gvari. centraluri sadazvervo
saagentos oficrebi 18 Tvian saswavlo kurss gadian specialur saswavlo
dawesebulebaSi e.w. fermaSi mzveravTa skolaSi (CIA Special Trabing Center),
romelic viliamsburgTan axlos mdebareobs, virjiniis StatSi. specskola
ganlagebulia 10000 akrze uRran tyeSi mdinare iorkTan. centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos skola saimedo safarqveS aris moqceuli da samxedro
organizaciis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis momzadebis eqsperimentaluri centri
Tavdacvis saministro kemp-piris saxeliT aris registrirebuli da bazaSi
Sesasvlel sakontrolo punktzec aRniSnuli warweraa gakeTebuli. yovelive
es konspiraciisaTvis da zedmeti dainteresebuli Tvalis asabnevadaa
gakeTebuli. 1952 wels samxedro sazRvao Zalebma, aRniSnuli baza
centralur sadazvervo saagentos gadasca eqspluataciaSi. saswavlo
centrSi kursantebi gadian iseT specialur disciplinebs rogoric aris:
Flaps and Seals-werilebis da dokumentebis saidumlod gaxsna da daluqva; Picks
and locks-faruli fotogadaReba; SeniRbvis xelovneba; maluli SeRweva.
zogierTi oficrebi damatebiT gadian saparaSuto momzadebas Harvey Point
Defense Testing Activity, Elizabeth City, karolinas StatSi an U.S. special forces bazaze
panamaSi. centri ZiriTadad amzadebs centraluri sadazvervo saagentos
operatiuli direqtoratis operatiul TanamSromlebs. momavali operatiuli
TanamSromlebis
garda
fermaSi
momzadebas
gadian
saagentos
specrazmelebic. aRniSnuli specrazmi cnobilia, rogorc SOG (Special
Operations Group), romelic ZiriTadad yofili samxedro specrazmelebiT aris
dakompleqtebuli. specrazmelebi fermaSi 1 wlian momzadebas gadian.
66 wlis manZilze dazvervis centraluri saagento erT-erT pirvel
adgils ikavebda Tavisi SesaZleblobebiT, am organizaciam ganviTarebis
grZeli gza ganvlo, dazvervis oficrebi zogadad erovnul usafrTxoebaze
zrunaven da Tavdauzogavad samSoblos samsaxurSi arian Cabmuli.

dazvervis saqmianobis istoriuli analizi

sagareo
dazvervis
samsaxurebis
saqmianoba
Tavisi
arsiT
mniSvnelovanwilad warmoadgens kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebas. igi aris
politikuri, ekonomikuri, fsiqologiuri brZolis specifikuri forma,
mimarTuli dasazveri saxelmwifos winaaRmdeg faruli, Tu Ria aqciebis
organizebisa da ganxorcielebisaTvis, specialuri Zalebis, saSualebebisa
da meTodebis gamoyenebiT. maTi mizania iq arsebuli konstituciuri
wyobilebis damxoba, teritoriuli mTlianobis rRveva, ekonomikuri,
samecniero, samxedro potencialis xelyofa da aqedan gamomdinare qveynis
politikuri
da
socialur-ekonomikuri
cxovrebis
yvela
sferos
destabilizacia-dezorganizacia,
rogorc
maqsimumi,
xolo
minimumi,
politikuri da ekonomikuri berketebis Riad Tu farulad xelSi Cagdebisa
da marTvis gziT saxelmwifoSi gavlenis mopoveba da SenarCuneba.
Tanamedrove etapze sadazvervo saqmianobis arsebiT Taviseburebas
warmoadgens misi maqsimaluri SeniRbva, romlis drosac dazverva aqtiurad
iyenebs saidumlo saSualebebisa da meTodebis mravalferovan arsenals.
saqmianobis saidumlo xasiaTis ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia, rogorc garegnul
qmedebaTa, mtruli zraxvebisa da moqmedebebis SeniRbva, aseve meore mxaris
SecdomaSi Seyvana dezinformaciis gziT.
dazverva iseTive uZvelesi movlenaa, rogoric TviT kacobriobis istoria.
istoriuli da politikuri movlenebis novaciis Sedegad XX saukuneSi
Camoyalibda
Tanamedrove
saxis
dazvervis
specialuri
samsaxurebi,
romlebmac Tundac SeniRbulad, magram mainc SeinarCunes TavianTi
winamorbedi samsaxurebis saqmianobis sastiki xerxebi, jaSuSobis mravali
meTodi
da
funqcia.
dazvervis
specialuri
samsaxurebi
yoveli
saxelmwifosTvis
aucilebel
struqturas
warmoadgens,
romelic
saxelmwifos SigniT arsebuli da garedan mosalodneli safrTxeebis
prevenciuli da Semakavebeli Zala gaxlavT. saukuneebi gavida, magram
specsamsaxurebis miznebi da amocanebi ar Secvlila. Seicvala mxolod maTi
ganxorcielebis materialur-teqnikuri saSualebebi da xerxebi. xolo
meTodebi ufro daxvewili da daundobeli gaxda. samecniero-teqnikurma
progresma ufro mobiluri da Sedegiani gaxada specsamsaxurebis saqmianoba
da jaSuSebs xSirad ukve kosmosuri Tanamgzavri-mzveravebi da mzveravi
TviTmfrinavebi cvlian, Tumca xSir SemTxvevaSi teqnika SezRudulia Tavisi
SesaZleblobebiT da ver akninebs dazvervis oficris mniSvnelobas.
metad
mniSvnelovania
qveynis
sazRvrebs
gareT
ganTavsebuli
rezidenturebis mier mowodebuli saidumlo da analitikuri informacia,
romelic exmareba xelisuflebis sxvadasxva struqturebs qveynis sagareo
politikuri kursis gansazRvraSi. msoflioSi arsebuli bumberazi dazvervis
specialuri samsaxurebis erTobliobidan am etapze gansakuTrebiT amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis dazvervis centralur sammarTvelos gamovyofT,
romelic strategiuli samsaxurebis sammarTvelos memkvidre gaxlavT.
dazvervis centraluri saagento 1947 wels Camoyalibda da meore msoflio
omis Semdeg, civi omis periodidan moyolebuli dRemde, inarCunebs udides

strategiul mniSvnelobas iseTi zesaxelmwifosTvis, rogoric amerikis

SeerTebuli Statebia da mis politikur arsenalSi yvelaze seriozul
iaraRs warmoadgens, romelic did gavlenas axdens msoflioSi mimdinare
araerT mniSvnelovan movlenaze: iqneba es did Tu patara saxelmwifoebSi
mTavrobebis Secvla, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis interesebis momxre
damoukideblobisTvis mebrZoli eqstremistebis finansuri daxmareba da
politikuri mxardaWera, rac aramarto aRniSnuli saxelmwifos dazvervis
specialuri samsaxurebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli da agreTve msoflios
cxel da konfliqtur wertilebSi moqmedeba TavianTi politikuri
interesebidan gamomdinare.
cnobilia, rom civi omis periodi (1946-1991) w.w metad daZabul
saerTaSoriso politikur periodad aris miCneuli. Tavdapirvelad, civi
omi
meore
msoflio
omis
Semdgomi
msoflios
mowyobis
Sesaxeb
gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis Sedegad warmoiSva, romelmac eWvi da
undobloba dabada amerikis SeerTebul Statebsa da sabWoTa kavSirs Soris.
civi omis politika, rogorc viciT sajarod gamoacxada didi britaneTis
imdroindelma premier-ministrma uinston CerCilma 1946 wlis 5 marts
fultonSi. man dramatizmiT aRsavse cnobili sityva warmosTqva da mouwoda
dasavleTis qveynebs SeeqmnaT inglisur-amerikuli kavSiri msoflio
komunizmis winaaRmdeg, romelsac sabWoTa ruseTi edga saTaveSi. civi omis
politika miznad isaxavda saerTaSoriso daZabulobis gamwvavebasa da
SenarCunebas, cxeli omis warmoSobis safrTxis Seqmnas, omis zRvarze
balansirebas, SeuzRudavi gamalebuli SeiaraRebis, samxedro xarjebis
kolosaluri zrdis gamarTlebas, reaqciis gaZlierebas da kapitalistur
qveynebSi sxva ideologiis daTrgunvas.
aRniSnul etapze erTmaneTs ori banaki daupirispirda. pirveli: varSavis
paqtis garSemo Semokrebili socialisturi saxelmwifoebi sabWoTa kavSiris
meTaurobiT, xolo meore mxriv Crdilo atlantikuri aliansi, samxedro
politikuri bloki (NATO), romelsacAsaTaveSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi
edga.
aRniSnul dapirispirebaSi aqtiurad Caeba orive qveynis dazvervis
specialuri samsaxurebi. ssrk-s mxridan saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komiteti
(), xolo amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mxridan ukve Zlieri da
ganviTarebuli
dazvervis
centraluri
saagento
(CIA).
mimdinare
dapirispirebis dros orive bloki iyenebda brZolis sxvadasxva meTodsa da
taqtikas. eseni gaxldaT diplomatiuri urTierTobebis oficialuri mxare
da meore gasaidumloebuli meTodi dazvervis specialuri samsaxurebis
saidumlo aqciebi, romelTa biujeti milionobiT amerikul dolars
Seadgenda. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis dazvervis specialuri samsaxurebi
aRniSnuli daZabuli etapisaTvis ukeTesad momzadebulebi aRmoCndnen, ramac
Tavisi nayofi gamoiRo. 1991 wlis 31 ivliss, amerikis SeerTebulma Statebma
SeiaraRebis Taobaze miaRwies yvelaze mniSvnelovan xelSekrulebas sabWoTa
kavSirTan, rodesac buSma da gorbaCovma didi xnis molaparakebis Sedegad
xeli moaweres strategiuli SeiaraRebis Semcirebis xelSekrulebas
(START) moskovSi, romlis mixedviTac orive mxaris birTvuli arsenalebi 30dan 40 procentamde mcirdeboda. magram es Semcirebac ki umniSvnelo iyo
amerikis prezident buSisa da boris elcinis, ruseTis federaciis

prezidentis mier dadebuli xelSekrulebis Semdeg, romlis mixedviTac 2003

wlisaTvis mTlianad unda ganadgurebuliyo qobiniani raketebi. orive
SeTanxmeba, erTobliobaSi daaxloebiT ori mesamediT amcirebda birTvuli
qobinebis raodenobas 21 000-dan 6000-7000 calamde. birTvuli iaraRis
gamoyenebis mudmivma SiSma da atomuri safrTxis realobam, SeaCera
vaSingtonsa da moskovs Soris atomuri konfliqtis saSiSroeba. civi omi
dasrulda aSS-is da (NATO)-s samxedro politikuri blokis wevri qveynebis
gamarjvebiT, raSic udidesi roli iTamaSa aSS-s dazvervam.
aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis dazvervis
centralur saagentoSic (CIA) da sabWoTa kavSiris saxelmwifo uSiSroebis
komitetSic
()
muSaobda
birTvuli
SeiaraRebebis
ganyofilebebi,
romlebsac metad prioritetuli adgili ekavaT specsamsaxurebis sistemaSi.
aRniSnuli ganyofilebebi akontrolebdnen orive aRniSnuli qveynis sagareo
saqmeTa uwyebebSi momqmed analogiur ganyofilebebs.
meore msoflio omis Semdeg isedac dauZlurebuli, xolo civi omis
epoqaSi gancdili marcxis Semdeg, mZime mdgomareobaSi aRmoCenili da
ideologiurad gamofituli sabWoTa kavSiri 1991 wels daiSala, ris
Sedegadac arseboba Sewyvita sabWoTa kavSiris saxelmwifo uSiSroebis
komitetma da saxelSecvlili formiT mogvevlina ruseTis federaciis
federaluri
uSiSroebis
samsaxuris
saxelwodebiT.
dasavleTis
kapitalisturi saxelmwifoebis mier nomer pirvel mtrad gamocxadebuli
sabWoTa kavSiri daiSala da damarcxda. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
dazvervis
centraluri saagentos winaSe axali prioritetuli da
strategiuli gegmebi daisaxa.
dazvervis centraluri saagentos moqmedebis umTavres strategiul
sferos terorizmTan da SpionaJTan daundobeli meTodebiT brZola
warmoadgens. aRniSnuli qveynis dazvervis specialur samsaxurs mkacr
kontrolze hyavs ayvanili amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis srulwlovani
mosaxleobis didi nawili, romlebsac saqmiani, Tu piradi kontaqtebi aqvT
damyarebuli sxva qveynebTan. rom araferi vTqvaT im kontrdazverviT
aqciebze, romliTac isini mkacrad akontroleben ucxoeTis moqalaqeebs,
ucxoel
studentebsa
da
ucxo
qveynebis
diplomatiuri
korpusis
TanamSromlebs 1978 wels miRebuli ucxoelTa zedamxedvelobis aqtis
Sesabamisad. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mravalaTasiani saidumlo
samsaxurebis aparati mizanmimarTulia, rom mTeli msoflios masStabiT
gaaCaRos totaluri dazverviTi aqciebi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
interesebis sasargeblod. aRniSnuli qmedebebi xSirad Seicavs, rogorc
Zaladobriv, aseve danaSaulebriv elementebsac. metad saintereso gaxlavT
cnobili amerikeli Jurnalistis, anderson kuperis Sefaseba: dazvervis
centraluri saagentos saqmianobaze: dazvervis centraluri saagento
ubrundeba muSaobis Zvel da binZur meTodebs, sazRvargareT sxvadasxva
saxelmwifos teritoriaze diversiuli aqtebisa da jaSuSobis warmoebis
aprobirebul xerxs. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom
centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos warmomadgenlebi saidumlo operaciebs gegmavdnen da
aqtiurad TanamSromlobdnen, israelis, pakistanis, gvatemalas, koreis,
avRaneTis, afrikis da aSS-is strategiuli interesis areSi moqceuli
saxelmwifos specsamsaxurebTan.

aSS-is dazvervis centraluri saagento specaqciebis meTodebis arsenalis

daxvewis sakiTxSi did daxmarebas uwevda laboratoriebi, romlebic
konkretuli
saxelmwifoebis
winaaRmdeg
Casatarebeli
specaqciebis
specifikidan gamomdinare awvdidnen dagrovil specresurss da uziarebdnen
TavianT gamocdilebas. XX saukuneSi aSS-is sxvadasxva samxedro bazis
teritoriaze arsebobda dazvervis centraluri saagentosa da aSS-is
Tavdacvis
saministros
dazvervis
saagentos
gasaidumloebuli
laboratoriebi, sadac mzaddeboda masobrivi ganadgurebis sxvadasxva tipis
iaraRi: qimiuri (gazebi da momwamvleli airebi), biologiuri (cocxali
organizmebidan miRebuli Sxamebi) da baqteriologiuri (virusebis Stami).
aRniSnuli tipis laboratoriebi muSaobdnen agreTve simarTlis eleqsiris
Sesaqmnelad, specialuri narkotikuli saSualeba, romelic gamoyenebul
iqneboda sawinaaRmdego ideologiis da mowinaaRmdege saxelmwifoTa mxaris
jaSuSTa dakiTxvebis dros. 1943 wels Sveicariis cnobil farmakologiur
firmaSi kondori 37 wlis qimikosma albert xofmanma cdebis Sedegad
miiRo fsiqikaze Zlier momqmedi narkotikuli saSualeba lsd, romelic
aqtiurad gamoiyeneboda dasavleTis sxvadasxva qveynebis specsamsaxurebis
mier arasasurveli Zalebis da adamianebis fsiqikis dasamsxvrevad da maTi
diskreditaciisaTvis,
agreTve
adamianebSi
arsebuli
sawinaaRmdego
stereotipebis amoSanTvis da tvinis gamorecxvis mizniT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis dazvervis centraluri
saagento, TeTri saxlis miTiTebiT, xSirad ereoda sxvadasxva qveynebis Sida
saxelmwifoebrivi
sakiTxebisa
Tu
problemebis
mogvarebaSi:
aseTi
eqspansiuri qmedebis faqtebi gaxlavT 1953 wels iranSi samxedro
SeTqmulebis organizeba, romelmac mosadikis demokratiuli mTavroba
daamxo,
radgan
misi
politikuri
kursi
iswrafoda
saxelmwifo
gaeTavisuflebina ucxoeli monopolistebis batonobisagan. 1950 wlis
dasawyisSi irani msoflioSi me-4 adgilze iyo navTobis mopovebis,
gadamuSavebis da eqsportis sferoSi. Cvenis azriT swored iranis navTobis
resursebis nacionalizacia gaxda mosadikis mmarTvelobis dasasrulis
mizezi, aRniSnuli nabiji avtomaturad iwvevda dasavleTis monopoliuri
kompaniebis gaZevebas an maT mier iranSi warmoebuli saqmianobis Sedegad
miRebul Semosavlebze gadasaxadebis gazrdas. mosadiki aRniSnuli TanxebiT
iranis
saxelmwifoebriobis
gaZlierebas
isaxavda
miznad.
aRniSnul
periodSi
iranis
navTobproduqtebze
monopolia
inglisur-iranul
navTobkompanias ekava, aSS-is dazvervis samsaxurebs igi did finansur
daxmarebas uwevda, raTa dasaxuli miznebisaTvis erToblivi ZalebiT
mieRwiaT. aRniSnuli kompaniis direqtorTa sabWos wevri gaxldaT alen
dalesi, aSS-is dazvervis centraluri saagentos Sefi da sxva gavleniani
amerikelebi, xolo aRniSnul navTobkompanias iuridiul momsaxurebas
uwevda niu iorkis iuridiuli firma saliveni da kromveli romlis
saqmiani partniorebi Zmebi dalesebi iyvnen, ris safuZvelzec Zneli ar aris
mivideT daskvnamde, rom dazvervis centraluri saagento Tavisi Sefis
piradi da dasavluri navTobkompaniis korporatiuli interesebidan
gamomdinare moqmedebda aRniSnul regionSi. Tavad aSS-is prezident
eizenhaueris administraciam erTxmad daamtkica dazvervis centraluri
saagentos mier momzadebuli da alen dalesis rekomendaciiT gamyarebuli

gegma, romelic iranSi mosadikis mmarTvelobis dasrulebas isaxavda miznad.

inglisur-iranuli navTobkompaniis memkidre amJamad britiS petroleumi
gaxlavT (BP-British Petroleum).
1954
wels
vaSingtonSi
dagegmilma
da
gvatemalaSi
mowyobilma
reaqciulma
gadatrialebam
sisxlSi
CaaxSo
antiimperialisturi
nacionalur-ganmaTavisuflebeli
moZraoba.
gvatemalaSi
dasavluri
monopoliebis warmomadgeneli iunaiTed fruts-i gaxldaT, romelic
laTinuri amerikis cxra qveyanaSi awarmoebda bananebis da sxva xilis
bizness da aSkaraa mas hqonda pretenziebi aRniSnul qveyanaSi Tavisi
biznesis Tavisuflad warmoebaze. gvatemalis 1944 wlis revoluciis Semdeg
am qveynis nacionalisturi Zalebi mudam uaryofiTad afasebdnen kompaniis
saqmianobas.
nacionalisturi
xelisufleba
gvatemalis
miwebis
nacionalizacias axdenda, rac xels uSlida dasavlur monopoliebs da rig
SemTxvevebSi xdeboda arasasurveli mTavrobebis damxobis mizezi.
1961 wels amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi kubis teritoriaze SeiWra, rac
miznad isaxavda gaenadgurebina erTaderTi socialisturi respublika
dasavleTis sferoSi. kubis teritoriaze Rorebis yureSi, e.w. koCinosze
1500 kubeli samxedro emigrantis desantireba faqtiurad amerikis samxedro
agresias
warmoadgenda,
radgan
aRniSnuli
specialuri
diversiuli
formireba SeaiaraRa da gawvrTna aSS-is dazvervis specsamsaxurebma. ra
mniSvneloba aqvs agresia iribi iqneba, Tu pirdapiri?! aranairi, mTavaria is
Tu vis interesebs emsaxureba igi. 1975 wels senatis specialurma komisiam,
romelic iZiebda aSS-is dazvervis samsaxurebis saqmianobas sazogadoebas
acnoba, rom mopovebuli iqna konkretuli mtkicebulebebi imisa, rom 1960-1965
w.w. dazvervis centraluri sammarTvelos mier fidel kastros likvidaciis
mizniT ganxorcielda 8 specaqcia, Tumca isini uSedego aRmoCnda. aSS-s es
samxedro aqciebi aris erTgvari brZola
msoflio stabilurobis da
usafrTxoebis SesanarCuneblad, Semakavebeli, prevenciuli zomebi im
qveynebisaTvis vinc demokratiis WeSmarit faseulobebs gmobs, magram am
movlenaTa analizisas meore mxriv es qmedebebi SeiZleba samxedro
agresiadac Sefasdes. yovelive amas istoria gansjis Tavis droze,
istoriisaTvis, mTavaria ara is Tu ra SeiZleboda momxdariyo, aramed is Tu
ra moxda.
1965 wels amerikis SeerTebulma Statebma wamoiwyo mravalwliani omi
vietnamis winaaRmdeg, romelsac aqtiurad gmobda amerikuli sazogadoebrivi
azri. amave periodSi samxedro intervencia moxda dominikis respublikaSi iq
arsebuli marionetuli reJimis gadarCenis mizniT. 1973 wels amerikis
SeerTebulma Statebma vfiqrobT, negatiuri roli iTamaSa Ciles movlenebSi.
dazvervis centraluri saagentos dagegmviTa da samxedro Zalismieri
amboxebis gziT erovnuli erTobis xelisufleba daamxes da erTpirovnuli
mmarTveloba gaabatones. dazvervis centraluri saagentosa da Ciles
samxedro
maRalCinosani
oficrebis
(xunta)
SeTqmulebis
Sedegad
ganxorcielda Ciles erovnuli lideris salvador aliendes sasaxleze
Tavdasxma da misi likvidacia. Ciles saTaveSi Caudga augusto pinoCeti,
romelmac qveyanaSi nacionaluri dazvervis sammarTveloze dayrdnobiT

masStaburi saxelmwifo terori gaaCaRa. aSS-is dazvervis centralur

sammarTveloSi am ukiduresi zomebis gatarebis gadawyvetileba miRebul
iqna mas Semdeg rac uSedegod dasrulda specialuri proeqtebi kameloti
da kentavri.
gegma kameloti miznad isaxavda Ciles samxedro wreebSi generalTa da
maRalCinosan
oficerTa
gadmobirebas,
rac
saxelmwifoSi
samxedro
gadatrialebis SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli aqciis warmatebiT dasrulebis
garanti iyo.
gegma
kentavri
miznad
isaxavda
Ciles
ekonomikur
blokadas,
saerTaSoriso sesxebis miRebaze SezRudvebis dawesebas, CileSi warmoebuli
produqciis eqsportze embargos dawesebas. aRniSnuli qmedebebi miznad
isaxavda Ciles SigniT mosaxleobis ukmayofilobis inspirirebas da Sida
areulobebis da manifestaciebis gziT salvador aliendes mTavrobis
damxobas,
romelic
aSS-s
dazvervis
samsaxurebis
mier
iqneboda
mxardaWerili.
1975 wels angolaSi kontrrevoluciur Zalebs exmareboda da afinansebda
dazvervis centraluri saagento, romlis daxmarebiT da mxardaWeriT
samoqalaqo omma ifeTqa, raTa SeecvalaT amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
mTavrobisaTvis arasasurveli mTavroba.
1979 wlis 3 ivniss, aSS-s prezidentma jimi karterma xeli moawera
saidumlo direqtivas, romlis mixedviTac unda ganxorcielebuliyo sabWoTa
kontrols daqvemdebarebuli reJimis sawinaaRmdego saqmianoba avRaneTSi,
romelSiac mniSvnelovani roli centralur sadazvervo saagentos unda
eTamaSa.
operacia cikloni centraluri sadazvervo saagentos programis koduri
saxelwodebaa, romlis farglebSic xorcieldeboda avRaneli mojaxedebis
SeiaraReba avRaneTis omis periodSi (1979-1989 w.w.). cikloni iyo erT-erTi
xangrZlivi sadazvervo operacia, romlis dafinanseba daiwyo 20-30 milioni
dolariT, xolo 1987 wlisTvis 630 milion dolars miaRwia weliwadSi.
aSS-is prezidentis jimi karteris mrCeveli zbignev bJezinski aRniSnavda,
rom operaciis ZiriTadi mizani iyo ssrks Cabma ZviradRirebul saomar
konfliqtSi. 1998 w. franguli JurnalisTvis (Le Nouvel Observateur) micemul
interviuSi bJezinski ixsenebda: Cven pirdapir ar vubiZgebdiT rusebs
avRaneTSi samxedro konfliqti wamoewyoT, magram yvelanairad vcdilobdiT
gagvezarda amis SesaZlebloba. am mcdelobis Sedegi gaxda sabWoTa
kavSiris Setyueba avRanur xafangSi. im dRes, rodesac sabWoTa kavSirma
gadakveTa avRaneTis sazRvari me mivwere prezident karters, rom axla Cven
gvaqvs Sansi mivceT sabWoTa kavSirs vietnamis omi. prezident karteris
gankargulebiT sanqcirebul iqna avRaneTSi antikomunisturi Zalebis aSS-is
mier dafinanseba da aqtiuri mxardaWera. avRaneTSi prosabWoTa prezidentis
babraq qarmalis daniSvnis Semdeg karterma ganacxada: sabWoTa kavSiris
SeWra avRaneTSi es udidesi safrTxea kacobriobisTvis meore msoflio omis
Semdeg. saidumlo operaciebis gegmis mixedviT avRaneTis mosazRvre
pakistanSi, dazvervis centraluri saagentos mier organizebuli iqna

aTeulobiT basis ganTavseba, sadac 1979 wlis bolosaTvis momzadebas

aTasobiT
daqiravebuli
sxvadasxva
qveynis
moqalaqe
da
avRaneTis
komunisturi xelisuflebisadmi uaryofiTad ganwyobili pirebi gadiodnen.
maTi uaxlesi sabrZolo teqnikiT da iaraRiT aRWurvac dazvervis
cenraluri saagentos mier iqna organizebuli. aRniSnuli Zalebis
dasafinanseblad daaxloebiT 6 miliardamde dolari daixarja. Saidumlo
operaciis Sedegad, 1979 wels komunisturi organizaciis avRaneTis saxalxo
demokratiuli
partiisa
da
saxelmwifos
xelmZRvaneli
Taraki
likvidirebuli iqna.
2002 wels amerikis SeiaraRebuli Zalebi eraySi SeiWra sadam huseinis
birTvul arsenalze kontrolis damyarebis mizniT. aRsaniSnavia, rom
unomigis da magates eqspertebis daskvniT erayis birTvuli arsenali jer
kidev 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi ganadgurda operacia udabnos qariSxlis
dros, rasac birTvuli saagentoebic amtkicebdnen. aSS-is prezidentma jorj
buSma (umcrosma) aRniSnuli faqtebis da mtkicebulebebis sruli ignorireba
moaxdina da yvelanairi normebis darRveviT kongresTan SeuTanxmeblad
eraySi gaaCaRa samxedro operaciebi.
aRsaniSnavia,
rom
aSS-is
prezidentis
gankargulebebs
dazverviT
sakiTxebSi kurirebs mrCeveli erovnuli usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi da misi
TanaSemweebi, romlebic aqciis specifikidan gamomdinare irCeven Sesabamis
specsamsaxurs. prezidenti am SemTxvevaSi iziarebs princips: mizani
amarTlebs
saSualebas.
prezidenti
zepir
gankargulebas
iZleva
specaqciebTan
dakavSirebiT,
radgan
oficialurad
dokumenturad
gamyarebuli gankargulebis SemTxvevaSi kongresi prezidentis impiCmentis
sakiTxs daayenebs, radgan samarTlebrivad erTi suverenuli saxelmwifos
dazvervis
mier
meore
suverenuli
saxelmwifos
teritoriaze
ganxorcielebuli
specaqcia
arasanqcirebul
qmedebad
iTvleba
da
saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT klasificirdeba,
rogorc danaSaulebrivi da ZirgamomTxreli saqmianoba. magaliTisaTvis
sakmarisia uoTergeiTis skandali, romelic gaxmaurda da 1974 w. 9
agvistos prezident riCard niqsonis impiCmentiT da misi mrCevlebis
dapatimrebiT dasrulda. miTumetes ucxo qveyanaSi Catarebuli specaqciis
gaxmaurebis SemTxvevaSi gardauvalia diplomatiuri skandalic.
qveynis Tavdacvisa da usafrTxoebis ganmtkicebisa da terorizmis
winaaRmdeg efeqturi brZolis mizniT Seqmnili specialuri kanonis nimuSia
amerikis patriotis aqti (USA Patriot Act), romlis xelmowerisas, 2001 wlis
26 oqtombers, aSS-s prezidentma jorj buSma ganacxada: es dokumenti
gamoZiebis samsaxurebs da policias arsebuli safrTxis Zlevis axal
instrumentebs sTavazobs. aRniSnuli kanoni 2001 wlis 11 seqtembers niuiorksa da vaSingtonSi ganxorcielebul teroristul aqtTan dakavSirebiT
miiRes. igi momxdari teraqtidan 6
kviraSi ganixiles. kongresis
warmomadgenlobiTma palatam kanonproeqti 357 xmiT 66-is winaaRmdeg 24
oqtombers daamtkica, senatma ki igi 98 xmiT mxolod erTis winaaRmdeg 26
oqtombers miiRo. kanonis mTavari ideologi da avtori iyo aSS-is
generaluri prokurori jorj eSkrofti.
kanonis miReba aucileblobiT gamowveul gamonaklisad iqna aRiarebuli.
misi ramdenime normis moqmedeba mxolod 4 wlis vadiT Semoifargla.

patriotis aqti axal uflebamosilebebs aniWebs aSS-is gamoZiebis

federalur biuros (Federal Bureau of Investigation), dazvervis centralur
sammarTvelos (Central Intelligence Agency), nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentos
(National Security Agency) da armias. kanonis miRebis paralelurad Seicvala
kanoni imigraciis Sesaxeb, kanoni sabanko operaciebis Sesaxeb, kanoni
ucxoelTa zedamxvedvelobis Sesaxeb.
patriotis
aqtma
samarTaldamcav
organoebs
telefonze
saubris,
SemCneul
pirTa
eleqtronuli
fostis
gzavnilebis,
biblioTekis
kartoTekebis, samedicino, finansuri operaciebis da sxva dokumentebze
xelmisawvdomobis uflebebi gauzarda; gafarTovda agreTve xazinis mdivnis
uflebamosilebebi finansuri operaciebis regulirebis saqmeSi, maT Soris
ucxoeli
iuridiuli
da
fizikuri
piris
warmoebul
operaciebze.
samarTaldamcavi organoebs da saimigracio samsaxurebs miecaT terorizmSi
an masTan dakavSirebul qmedebebSi eWvmitanili pirebis dakavebis da
deportaciis ufleba.
patriotis aqtis samoqmedo mimarTulebebs warmoadgens:
terorizmis winaaRmdeg Sida usafrTxoebis zrda;
sazedamxedvelo procedurebis gafarToeba;
saerTaSoriso fulis gaTeTrebis Semcireba;
sazRvrebis dacva;
terorizmTan dakavSirebuli gamoZiebis Semaferxebeli faqtorebis
moxsna;
terorizmis msxverplTa, sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis oficerTa da
maTi ojaxebis daxmareba;
terorizmis sawinaaRmdego sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis
gamkacreba.
axali kanoniT Seicvala terorizmis ganmarteba da gafarTovda
terorizmTan dakavSirebuli federaluri danaSaulis cneba, gaCnda axali,
adre ararsebuli Sida terorizmis cneba. am kategorias miekuTvneba mTeli
rigi mZime Zaladobrivi danaSaulebebi, romlebic adre sxva saxelwodebiT
iyo cnobili (xSirad amerikeli iuristebi mas federaluri sisxlis
samarTlis kodeqss uwodeben).
Sida terorizmi axali normis mixedviT niSnavs:
saqmianobas, romelic:
iTvaliswinebs Zaladobriv qmedebas an iseT aqtebs, romlebic safrTxes
uqmnis adamianis sicocxles da arRvevs aSS-is federalur an romelime
Statis sisxlis samarTlis kanons;
atarebs mizanmimarTul danaSaulebriv xasiaTs;
emsaxureba moqalaqeebis daSinebas an Zaldatanebas;
emsaxureba romelime mTavrobis politikaze zegavlenis moxdenis
mizniT warmoebul Zaldatanebas an daSinebas;

 Tu emsaxureba romelime mTavrobis politikaze zegavlenis moxdenis

mizniT Cadenil masiur daSinebas, saxelmwifo moRvawis mkvleloba an
motaceba
Tavi
terorizmTan
dakavSirebuli
gamoZiebebis
Semaferxebeli
faqtorebis moxsna ZiriTadad warmoadgens 1978 wels miRebuli ucxoelTa
zedamxedvelobis aqtis saxecvlilebas. igi Sida da gare usafrTxoebis
saagentoebs warmoebuli operaciebis koordinaciis uflebas aZlevs. axali
kanoniT federaluri gamoZiebis biuro uflebamosili gaxda kerZo
kompaniebisgan
(internetiT
uzrunvelyofis
saagentoebi)
gamoiTxovos
informacia terorizmsa Tu jaSuSobaSi SemCneuli pirebis personaluri
monacemTa bazebidan, ris uflebasac wina kanoni ar iZleoda. terorizmis
terminis gafarToebis mizniT, axal kanonSi moxda zogierTi axali cnebis
ganmarteba da axleburi gaSifvra. magaliTad kompiuterTan dakavSirebuli
TaRliToba da sxva amgvari qmedebebi Seicvala kiberterorizmis safrTxis
Tavidan acilebis Sesaxeb, romlis mixedviT cneba kiberterorizmi
warmoadgens sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls. hakeruli saqmianoba, romlis
mier miyenebuli zarali miaRwevs 5 aTas amerikul dolars da mets (814-e
muxli) iTvaliswinebs maRali odenobis jarimebs an Tavisuflebis aRkveTas
xuTidan 12 wlamde. antiteroristuli kanonis 216-e muxli uflebas aZlevs
mosamarTleebs gascen orderi eWvmitanili abonentebis telefonis nomrebis
amocnobis mizniT aSS-is nebismier teritoriaze, aramarto sasamarTlos
iurisdiqciis teritoriis farglebSi, rogorc es wina kanoniT iyo
gansazRvruli. Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, kanonis moTxovnebis didi nawili
mZafri kritikis obieqtad iqca. eqspertebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT miuRebeli
aRmoCnda
internetisa
da
eleqtronuli
fostis
zedamxedvelobis
praqtikulad SeuzRudavi uflebebi. kanonis Tanaxmad, Tu telefoniT
saubari mxolod specialuri miniSnebis dafiqsirebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba
iqnes mosmenili da Cawerili, eleqtronuli fostiT sargeblobisas,
gzavnili bolomde unda gaiSifros. eqspertebis azriT, es SesaZloa
aramarto
damnaSaveebis
saqmianobis
kontrolis,
aramed
zogadad
informaciuli nakadisa da moqalaqeTa pirad cxovrebaze zedamxedvelobis
ganxorcielebis
meqanizmad
iqces.
politikurma
oponentebma
da
arasamTavrobo
seqtoris
warmomadgenlebma
kanonis
Semqmnelebi
samarTaldamcav
samsaxurebze
usazRvro
Zalauflebis
miniWebaSi
daadanaSaules. maTi azriT, msgavsi kanonebi SesaZloa gamoyenebul iqnas
aramarto
terorizmSi
eWvmitanilTa,
aramed
rigiTi
moqalaqeebis
winaaRmdegadac,
es
ki,
Tavis
mxriv,
adamianis
Tavisuflebisa
da
konstituciiT miniWebuli uflebebis xelyofas warmoadgens.
9/11-is Semdeg TeTri saxlis administraciis yuradReba saSinao
politikidan radikalurad sagareo politikaze gadainacvla. 2004 wlis
saprezidento arCevnebSi warmoebuli kampaniis dros ZiriTad adgils
swored sagareo politikisa da erovnuli usafrTxoebis sakiTxebi ikavebs.
Tavisi prezidentobis pirvel wlebSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
mxolod ramdenime prezidenti waawyda iseT did gamowvevebs, rogorc jorj
buSi umcrosi. Tumca am gamowvevebze
prezidentis reagirebam da
nawilobrivma gamarjvebam amerikel xalxSi didi mxardaWera hpova. jorj

buSis administraciis mier konfliqtis gadaWris bevrma aspeqtma avRaneTSi,

eraySi da farTomaStabianma kampaniam saerTaSoriso terorizmis winaaRmdeg,
tradiciul aliansebs Soris urTierTobebi daZaba da xazi gausva amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis unipolarul pozicias. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
sagareo politikis nebismieri sakiTxis analizisas saWiroa 11 seqtembramde
da misi Semdgomi viTarebis pragmatuli analizi, rom gamoaSkaravdes axali
mimdinareobebi globalur politikaSi da naTeli moefinos amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis axal mimarTulebebsa da iniciativebs. ramdenime
sabaziso
amocana,
romelTa
Sesrulebis
aucilebloba
terorizmis
winaaRmdeg brZolam warmoSva, Sesrulebulia. avRaneTsa da eraySi
Catarebulma operaciebma naTlad warmoaCines amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
samxedro Zala, moqniloba da SesaZleblobebi, Tumca aris gamonaklisi
SemTxvevebic,
rodesac
terorizmTan
brZolis
sababiT
zogjer
zesaxelmwifoebi iseTi sasurveli miznebis miRwevas axerxeben, romlebsac
sxva SemTxvevaSi ver ganaxorcielebdnen.
msoflios masStabebiT mowyobili mravali SeTqmuleba da gauxmaurebeli,
Tu cnobili specialuri aqciebi, diversiebi da sxva qmedebebi, romlebic
dazvervis centralurma saagentom ganaxorciela, didi avtoriteti da
Zliereba SesZina TeTr saxls. aRniSnuli specialuri samsaxuris istoria,
qmedebebi da profesiuli gamocdileba did yuradRebasa da gaanalizebas
saWiroebs, radgan momavalSi nebismieri saxelmwifo, nebismier dros
SeiZleba aRmoCndes aRniSnuli zesaxelmwifos dazvervis samsaxurebis
interesis sferoSi.
aSS-is prezidentma barak obamam gansakuTrebiT aRniSna Tavis erT-erT
gamosvlaSi, rom specsamsaxurebis roli saxelmwifos ganviTarebaSi metad
didia. aSS-is mTavroba marTlac uzarmazar Tanxebs xarjavs dazvervis da
kontrdazvervis produqtiuli moRvaweobisTvis xelis Sesawyobad. aSS-is
specsamsaxurebis biujets, Tu gadavxedavT vnaxavT, rom yovel wels misi
raodenoba izrdeba miliardobiT wina wlebTan SedarebiT.
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis specsamsaxurebis biujeti ar aris
fiqsirebuli da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, konkretuli prioritetuli misiebis
da saidumlo proeqtebis Sesasruleblad damatebiTi Tanxebic gamoiyofa.
samxreT kavkasiis mniSvneloba msoflio politikis saWadrako dafaze
elvis siswrafiT izrdeba. amitomac bunebrivia sxvadasxva qveynebis
specsamsaxurebis operatiul-agenturuli muSaobis gaaqtiureba am regionSi.
samxreT
kavkasia
mravali
ucxouri
qveynisaTvis
strategiuli
mniSvnelobis regions warmoadgens, rac maTi specsamsaxurebis intensiur
saqmianobaSi gamoixateba. paeqroba xSirad sazogadoebisaTvis farulad,
mZime da daundobel operatiul dapirispirebaSi mimdinareobs, gavixsenoT
Tundac aSS-is dazvervis centraluri saagentos TanamSromlis fred
vudrofis saidumloebiT moculi mkvleloba.
vudrofi
TbilisSi
aSS-is
saelCos
TanamSromlis
safarqveS
xelmZRvanelobda
centraluri
sadazvervo
saagentos
operaciebs
saqarTveloSi. misi monitoringiT iwrTvneboda saxelmwifos meTauris
eduard
SevardnaZis
dacva
da
pirveli
qarTuli
gansakuTrebuli
daniSnulebis qvedanayofi OMEGA. misi mkvleloba moxda im dros, roca
vudrofi, SevardnaZis dacvis xelmZRvanelTan, eldar gogolaZesTan da or

Tanmxleb pirTan erTad avtomanqana niviT TbilisSi brundeboda qalaqgare

gaseirnebidan. gamoZiebis versiiT, avtomanqanas gza samxedro formaSi
Cacmulma, ramdenime axalgazrdam gadauRoba da gaCereba mosTxova. gogolaZe
ar daemorCila, ris Semdegac ucnobis mxridan moxda erTi gasrola. ukana
skamze mjdom vudrofs tyvia TavSi moxvda da saavadmyofoSi miyvanisTanave
gardaicvala. gogolaZe incidentis adgilas dabrunda da daakava sami
arafxizel mdgomareobaSi myofi pirovneba, maTgan anzor SarmaiZe gamoZiebam
damnaSaved scno da 15 wliani patimroba miusaja.
gamoZiebis versia Tavidanve gaxda kamaTis sagani. 2004 wels iyo mcdeloba
saqmis gadaxedvisa, Tumca mniSvnelovani Sedegi ar mohyolia. incidentis
bevrma mowmem Cveneba Secvala, zogierTi gauCinarda. SarmaiZem aRiara, rom
gamoZiebisaTvis
xelsayreli Cveneba
wamebis
Semdeg
misca. farTod
gavrcelebulia versia, rom SesaZloa vudrofi saqarTvelosa da yofili
sabWoTa kavSiris sxva qveynebSi mimdinare jaSuSur oms Seewira da saqmeSi
ruseTis uSiSroebis samsaxurebi iyvnen Careulni.
amerikulma mxarem gamoZieba damoukideblad Caatara, Tumca gamoZiebis
masalebis didi nawili gasaidumloebulia. cnobilia, rom gardacvalebamde
ori kviriT adre vudrofi TbilisSi Sexvda Tavis Zvel megobars, dazvervis
centraluri saagentos maRali rangis oficers oldriC eims, romelic male
gaiSifra, rogorc ruseTis agenti da aSS-is sasamarTlom samudamo
patimroba miusaja. amerikuli gamoZieba Tavidanve uaryofda SarmaiZis
kavSirs vudrofis mkvlelobasTan. 2008 wlis oqtomberSi SarmaiZe
patimrobidan gaaTavisufles.
ucxo qveynebis rezidentebma Cvens qveyanaSi damoukideblobis mopovebis
pirveli dReebidanve daiwyes specaqciebis ganxorcieleba, ixsneboda
sxvadasxva
qveynebis
saelCoebi,
sakonsuloebi,
firmebis
savaWro
warmomadgenlobebi anu legaluri SpionaJis e.w. safari. es procesi dResac
grZeldeba. dazvervis centraluri saagentos legendaluri Sefi alen
dalesi aRniSnavda, rom specsamsaxuris Cavardna mxolod am samsaxuris
moqmedebebisa da SesaZleblobebis masStabebs gviCvenebs, xolo seriozuli
specsamsaxurebi arasdros amxelen warmatebebso.
unda
aRiniSnos,
rom
Cveni
qveynis
damoukideblobis
periodSi
specsamsaxurebis zogadi analizi metad rTul suraTs gvixatavs. im dros
rodesac sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebi specsaswavleblebis srulyofisaken
miiswrafian da anviTareben specifikur saswavlo programebs saqarTveloSi
mxolod policiis akademiaRa rCeba sadac saeWvoa ase mokle saswavlo
programebiT miscen kursantebs saerTaSoriso donis specganaTleba, gvrCeba
mxolod erTi ram, isev ucxoeTidan mowveul instruqtorebs daveyrdnoT.
gadavxedoT aSS-is specsamsaxurebis saswavlo dawesebulebebs da
mivxvdebiT, Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovania saxelmwifosTvis, miTumetes Cvens
mdgomareobaSi myofi saxelmwifosTvis profesionali kadrebis aRmzrdeli
dazvervis akademia.
aSS-Si specsamsaxurebis TanamSromelTa momzadebis centrebia, erT-erTi
zemoT aRniSnuli dazvervis centraluri saagentos kemp-piris dazvervis
skola (koduri saxelwodeba ferma), sadac momavali mzveravebi specialur
momzadebas gadian. amave StatSi kuantikos samxedro bazaze ganlagebulia
gamoZiebis federaluri biuros akademia, sadac kontr dazvervis agentebis

momzadeba xdeba. amerikis SeiaraRebuli Zalebi armia, floti da aviacia,

mzveravebs amzadeben sakuTar saswavlo centrebSi, romlebic sxvadasxva
samxedro bazebzea moTavsebuli. amerikis yvelaze gasaidumloebuli
specsamsaxuris, nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentos saswavlo centris
adgilmdebareoba jerjerobiT kvlav mkacrad aris gasaidumloebuli.
saqarTvelos uSiSroebis akademia, misi arsebobis dros ar akmayofilebda
Sida usafrTxoebis saerTaSoriso standartebs. 2003 wels saqarTvelos
uSiSroebis akademiis SenobaSi gaixsna fasiani swavlebis jgufebi
samarTalmcodneobis specialobiT, sadac weliwadSi 600 dolaris
safasurad unda mieRoT msurvelebi, saswavlo procesi 5 weli grZeldeboda.
Cveni azriT miuRebelia erT saswavlo korpusSi saerTo sareJimo pirobebSi
specSemowmeba gavlili pirebis da fasiani seqtoris studentebis ganTavseba.
specSemowmeba gavlili kursantebi momavali: dazvervis, kontrdazvervis,
dadgenis,
garemeTvalyureobis,
operatiul-teqnikuri
samsaxurebis
TanamSromlebi arian, romelTa vinaoba da garegnoba saidumlod unda
darCes! vin iqneboda pasuxismgebeli, Tu am fasian jgufebSi ucxo qveynebis
specsamsaxurebis agenturis jer SeRweva da Semdeg maT mier momavali
TanamSromlebis anketuri monacemebis da garegnuli niSnebis dadgena da
SemdgomSi faruli Semadgenlobis gaSifrva moxdeboda?! am monacemebiTac ki
ar aris Zneli obieqturad Sefasdes qarTuli specsamsaxurebisaTvis
kadrebis momzadebis saqmeSi arsebuli kritikuli mdgomareoba.
aqtiurad TanamSromlobs saqarTvelos Zalovani struqturebi aSS-is
gamoZiebis federalur biurosTan. FBI-im saqarTveloSi warmomadgenloba
2005 wels gaxsna. manamade samxreT kavkasiis regions TurqeTisa da ukrainis
ofisebi
faravdnen.
saqarTveloSi
biuros
ofisis
gaxsnis
mizezi
warmomadgenlobis maSindelma iuridiulma ataSem braian paarmentma ase
axsna: saqarTvelo yofili sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriaze demokratiis
akvania da Cveni erT-erTi yvelaze saimedo mokavSirea terorizmTan
globalur omSi. saqarTvelos aseve aqvs geografiulad strategiuli
mniSvneloba, gansakuTrebiT transnacionaluri danaSaulis evraziul
qselTan brZolis TvalsazrisiT.
saqarTvelo mravali welia aqtiurad aris Cabmuli sazRvargareT
mimdinare samSvidobo samxedro operaciebSi da agreTve monawileobas
Rebulobs antiteroristul aqciebSi. aRniSnuli Cvenis azriT did safrTxes
uqmnis iseT daucvel saxelmwifos rogoric saqarTveloa. muslimuri
samyaros mier saqarTvelos aseTi aqtiuroba SeiZleba maT winaaRmdeg
mimarTul agresiadac ki iqnes aRqmuli. maSin rodesac teroristuli
organizaciebi
teraqtebs
awyoben
ganviTarebuli
saxelmwifoebis
dedaqalaqebSi maTTvis did sirTules ar unda warmoadgendes saqarTvelos,
romelime mxareSi gamafrTxilebeli teraqtis mowyoba, rac kidev ufro
daazaralebs Cvens qveyanas.
erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWo msoflios TiTqmis yvela, gamokveTilad
saprezidento mmarTvelobis qveyanaSia Seqmnili da prezidentis umTavresi
saTaTbiro
organoa.
krizisuli
situaciebis
dros
es
struqtura
gansakuTrebul reJimSi muSaobs da prezidents mosalodneli safrTxis
Tavidan asacileblad optimalur moqmedebaTa winaswar gaTvlil variantebs
sTavazobs.
erovnuli
uSiSroebis
sabWo
prezidentisaTvis
amzadebs

rekomendaciebs sagareo da saSinao politikis, agreTve uSiSroebisa da

Tavdacvis sakiTxebSi. amave dros koordinacias uwevs specsamsaxurebis
saqmianobas da maTi produqciis ZiriTadi momxmarebelia.
erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos Semadgenloba, rogorc wesi Zalze
SezRuduli unda iyos. aSS-is eus-os mudmivi wevrebi arian mxolod:
prezidenti, (eus-os Tavjdomare), vice-prezidenti, saxelmwifo mdivani,
Tavdacvis
ministri,
prezidentis
administraciis
xelmZRvaneli
da
prezidentis mrCeveli erovnuli usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi (sabWos mdivani).
TviT aSS-is specsamsaxurebis mTavar koordinators, centraluri dazvervis
direqtors (imavdroulad css-os direqtori) mxolod mrCevlis statusi aqvs
da marto specialuri miwvevis Semdeg SeuZlia monawileoba miiRos eus-os
sxdomebze.
eus-os
yoveldRiur
saqmianobas
warmarTavs
aparati,
romelsac
xelmZRvanelobs prezidentis mrCeveli erovnuli usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi.
bolo wlebSi amerikis eus-os aparati 190 (mudmivi, droebiTi da mowveuli)
TanamSromlisgan Sedgeboda, romlebic 11 funqcionalur da regionalur
seqtorSi muSaobdnen. 60-de TanamSromeli analitikur samuSaos asrulebda,
xolo danarCeni damxmare personali iyo (Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom aSS-Si
am kategoriis personalis statusi da funqcia-movaleobani sakmaod
maRalia).
aSS-is gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom Zalze efeqturia mcire, sxvadasxva
dargis maRalkvalificiuri specialistebiT dakompleqtebuli droebiTi
samuSao jgufebisa da uwyebaTaSorisi komisiebis saqmianoba.
saqarTveloSi eus-os Seqmnis istoria aseTia. zviad gamsaxurdias
xelisuflebis damxobidan weliwadnaxevris Semdeg, 1993 wlis 2 ivliss
miRebuli kanoniT Seiqmna erovnuli uSiSroebisa da Tavdacvis sabWo.
saqarTvelos eus-os Semdgomi ZlierebisaTvis gadamwyveti iyo misi
uflebamovaleobebis mkafiod gansazRvra, rac 1996 wlis 24 ianvars miRebul
erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos Sesaxeb kanonSi gegmis gadaWarbebiT
Sesrulda. am kanonis miRebis Semdeg qveyanas moevlina axali saxelmwifo
struqtura, romelsac SeeZlo uxilavi ZafebiT emarTa politikuri,
samxedro da ekonomikuri procesebi. es Sedareba, gadaWarbebulad, rom ar
mogveCvenos, mokled CamovTvliT eus-Tvis miniWebul funqciebs:
erovnuli uSiSroebis koncefciis SemuSaveba; Tavdacvis da uSiSroebis
saSinao
da
sagareo
sakiTxebis
ganxilva
da
prezidentisTvis
rekomendaciebis momzadeba; samxedro Zalebis raodenobis, mzadyofnis da
samxedro
kadrebis
ganawilebis
ganxilva;
samxedro
mrewvelobis
funqcionirebisa da perspeqtivebis Sefaseba; samxedro samecniero-kvleviTi
samuSaoebis koordinacia; Tavdacvisa da erovnuli uSiSroebis sakiTxebze
kanonebisa da normatiuli aqtebis proeqtirebis SemuSaveba; saqarTvelos
yvela saministrosa da uwyebis uSiSroebisa da Tavdacvis sferoSi
saqmianobis kontroli; sagareo da saSinao safrTxeebis gamovlena,
prognozireba da neitralizaciis RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba. bunebrivia
aRniSnul posts prezidenti Caabarebda im pirovnebas visac upirobod
endoboda. 1996 wels saqarTvelos eus-os mdivnad da prezidentis TanaSemwed
erovnuli uSiSroebis sakiTxebSi aw gardacvlili nugzar sajaia dainiSna.
igi 1972 wlidan moyolebuli SevardnaZis erT-erTi yvelaze erTgul kadrad

iTvleboda.
nugzar
sajaiam
mokle
droSi
SeZlo
axladSeqmnili
struqturisaTvis iseTi impulsebis micema, imgvari Ria da faruli
administraciuli berketebis Tavis xelSi moqceva da saWiro momentSi
amoqmedeba, rac sxvebisaTvis warmoudgenel sirTules warmoadgenda.
2002 w. batoni nugzar sajaias gardacvalebis dRidan daiwyo eus-os
struqturaSi cvlilebebi. muSaobis stili da ZiriTadi prioritetebi
Seicvala. daikarga samarTaldamcavi da Zalovani uwyebebis muSaobis
Tundac formaluri koordinaciis moTxovnileba, rac mTel msoflioSi
miRebuli praqtikaa. eus-os aparati ukve aRar iyo is avtoritetuli organo,
romelsac sakadro politika mihyavda da mis rekomendaciebs wona hqonda.
samwuxarod unda iTqvas, rom XXI-e saukunis dasawyiss saqarTvelo, romelic
msoflios erT-erT urTules geopolitikur regionSi mdebareobs, policiis
uzarmazari kadrebiT da msoflioSi, albaT yvelaze susti jariTa da
specsamsaxurebiT Sexvda.
vfiqrob prezidentis uflebamosilebis Sesaxeb 2013 wlis 21 martis
sakonstitucio cvlilebebis Semdeg eus-om funqcia dakarga, Tumca
aRniSnuli struqtura arc manamde gamoirCeoda prognozirebisa da
prevenciis didi SesaZleblobebiT, rac samwuxarod daamtkica 2008 wlis
agvistos
tragikulma
movlenebma.
Cemi
azriT
qveynis
erovnuli
usafrTxoebis gaZlierebis mizniT aucilebelia erovnuli uSiSroebis
sabWos
nacvlad,
Seiqmnas
specialuri
gaerTianebuli
komiteti.
saxelmwifom unda Camoayalibos 21-e saukunis gamowvevebis da safrTxeebis
winaaRmdeg efeqturad mebrZoli, mudmivi mzadyofnis reJimSi moqmedi
prognozirebis da prevenciuli RonisZiebebis efeqturad gamtarebeli
struqtura, romelic erovnuli usafrTxoebis fari iqneba. vfiqrob
saqarTvelos erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWo faqtiurad ufunqcio da susti
rgolia, man amowura Tavisi resursi da marTlac mxolod formaluri
statusiTRa
Semoifargleba.
specialuri
gaerTianebuli
komiteti
saqarTvelos
mTavrobis
SemadgenlobaSi
unda
Sevides.
specialuri
gaerTianebuli komiteti koordinirebas gauwevs Zalovani struqturebis da
sxva da sxva strategiuli mniSvnelobis saministroebis saqmianobas
(ganusazRvravs
qveynisaTvis
prioritetul
sakiTxebs).
specialuri
gaerTianebuli komiteti mTavrobis meTaurisTvis prioritetuli da
efeqturi kontrolis rgoli iqneba, romelic parlamentis Tavdacvisa da
uSiSroebis komitetis winaSe iqneba angariSvaldebuli. specialuri
gaerTianebuli komitets uxelmZRvanelebs direqtori, igive premieris
mrCeveli erovnuli usafrTxoebisa da globaluri politikis sakiTxebSi.
specialuri komitetis aparatSi Seva Sefasebebis 5 sammarTvelo da
administracia. Sefasebebis sammarTveloebi dakompleqtdeba kvalificiuri
analitikosebiT, romlebic kvlevebs Caatareben specialuri komitetis mier
dasmul konkretul da qveynisTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis sferosa da
sakiTxebze.
gansakuTrebul
SemTxvevebSi
specialuri
gaerTianebuli
komiteti Seqmnis sagangebo Stabs, romelSic specifikidan gamomdinare
Sevlen saqarTvelos Zalovani ministrebi da specsamsaxurebis direqtorebi,

sagareo saqmeTa saministros warmomadgenlebi

sagareo da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi.

da

premieris

mrCevlebi

specialuri gaerTianebuli komitetis funqciebia:

premieris da ministrTa kabinetis konsultireba dazvervis, Tavdacvis,
globaluri informaciis mopovebis, analizisa da maT fonze erovnuli
prioritetebis Camoyalibebis sferoSi
specsamsaxurebs Soris strategiuli informaciis droulad gacvlis da
produqtiuli TanamSromlobis koordinireba
saxelmwifo aparatisa da qveynis sasicocxlo rgolebTan dakavSirebuli
pirebis kompleqsuri Semowmeba
premierisTvis yoveldRiuri analitikuri moxsenebebis wardgena qveyanaSi
da msoflioSi mimdinare mniSvnelovan movlenebze, Sefasebebis da
rekomendaciebis darTviT
specialuri gaerTianebuli komitetis ZiriTadi prioritetebi iqneba:
saqarTvelos suverenitetis, saxelmwifoebriobis, teritoriebis,
moqalaqeebis, erovnuli sakuTrebis da faseulobebis dacvis efeqturi
meqanizmebis SemuSaveba da koordinireba, terorizmis, SpionaJis,
organizebuli danaSaulebrivi sindikatebisa da sxva globaluri
safrTxeebisagan saxelmwifos dacvis mizniT
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri aRmavlobis mxardaWera da ekonomikuri
usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa
gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebebis aRkveTis mizniT prevenciuli
efeqturi RonisZiebebis gatareba
ucxoeTis specsamsaxurebTan operatiuli da koordinirebuli
TanamSromlobis warmoeba
specialuri gaerTianebuli komiteti unda Sedgebodes Semdegi
analitikuri sammarTveloebisgan:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

saSinao politikis Sefasebebis sammarTvelo

sagareo politikis Sefasebebis sammarTvelo
erovnuli usafrTxoebis sakiTxTa sammarTvelo
Tavdacvis sakiTxTa sammarTvelo
gansakuTrebuli sakiTxebis marTvis sammarTvelo

6. administracia
komitetis saqmianobas warmarTavs direqtori da misi sami moadgile:
-

pirveli moadgile kuratorobas gauwevs: sagareo politikis da

erovnuli usafrTxoebis sakiTxebs
meore moadgile kuratorobas gauwevs: Tavdacvis sakiTxebs da
gansakuTrebuli sakiTxebis marTvis sammarTvelos
mesame moadgile kuratorobas gauwevs: saSinao politikis Sefasebebis
sammarTvelos da administracias

72 kacisgan dakompleqtebuli komitetidan 8 TanamSromeli mivlinebuli

iqneba ramdenime uwyebaSi da adgilze gaaanalizebs arsebul viTarebas da
ufro xarisxianad da koordinirebulad warmarTavs uwyebasa da komitets
Soris TanamSromlobas, rac SemdgomSi ufro efeqtur Sedegs moutons
qveynis usafrTxoebas. qveynis erovnuli usafrTxoebisTvis am mniSvnelovani
struqturis Senaxva SesaZlebelia weliwadSi 5 milion larad, Tumca meti
Tanxebis gamoyofis da aRniSnuli Tanxebis swori mimarTulebiT gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi struqturis efeqturobis maCvenebeli ufro maRali iqneba.
aRniSnuli struqturis Camoyalibebis aucileblobas ramdenime mizezi
ganapirobebs:
1. dasavluri stilis efeqturi modeli, romelic morgebulia Cveni
qveynis prioritetebze da realobaze.
2. qveyanaSi efeqturi marTvis demokratiuli berketi da qveynis gareT
arsebuli situaciis adeqvaturad aRqmis efeqturi saSualeba
3. saqmianobis
maqsimaluri
produqtiuloba
naklebi
finansuri
danaxarjis miuxedavad. finansuri ekonomia
msurs gavixseno cnobili amerikeli diplomatis, aSS-s yofili
saxelmwifo mdivnis, henri kisinjeris erT_erTi gamonaTqvamia ,,Tu
msoflios marTlac surs mSvidoba, man unda miiRos emerikis yvela
winadadeba da ganuxrelad ixelmZRvanelos saerTaSoriso samarTlisa da
diplomatiis mxolod amerikuli postulatebiT. msgavsi erTmniSvnelovani
midgoma, Cveni azriT, kidev ufro daZabavs arsebul winaaRmdegobebs da
diskomforts Seuqmnis
msoflioSi formirebul ZalTa balanss. msgavsi
midgomis Sedegad, daZabulobis saboloo gadawyvetis nebismieri koncefcia
mxolod Teoriuli msjelobis sagani gaxdeba. ram misca biZgi kisinjeris
aRniSnuli Tezisis damkvidrebas?! qveynis potencialma, samxedro Zlierebam
da efeqturi specsamsaxurebis Tanamegobrobis arsebobam. Cven SegviZlia
amerikis usafrTxoebis sistemis gamocdilebiT da aRniSnul sferoSi
arsebuli postulatebiT vixelmZRvaneloT.
amerikis politikis specifikurma Tavisebeburebma, romlebic istoriuli
ganviTarebis manZilzea SeZenili, warmoSva amerikis sagareo politikis ori
erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego midgoma. pirveli koncefciis mixedviT, amerika

saukeTeso saxiT amyarebs da aviTarebs sakuTar erovnul faseulobebs

qveynis SigniT, srulyofil saxes aZlevs demokratiul faseulobebs
qveyanaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aSS damoikideblobisa da
demokratiis Suquris rols asrulebs mTeli msofliosaTvis. meore
koncefciis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aSS-s daekisra
valdebuleba,
romlis
mixedviTac
man
unda
ibrZolos
arsebuli
faseulobebis ganviTarebisa da gaRrmavebis mizniT msoflio masStabiT.
obieqturad Tu vimsjelebT, orive mosazrebis mixedviT, amerikas ukavia
wamyvani pozicia: pirveli, amerika gvevlineba, rogorc Tavisuflebis Suqura,
xolo
meore
SemTxvevaSi,
rogorc
mebrZoli-jvarosani,
romelic
ixelmZRvanelebs globaluri sarTaSoriso wesrigiT, romelic daemyareba
demakratias, Tavisufal vaWrobasa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebs.
meore msoflio omis Semdgom wlebSi, faqtobrivad, SeerTebuli Statebi
ganagebda msoflioSi mimdinare globalur movlenebs. did brZolaSi
gamarjvebam da damangreveli omidan qveynis uvneblad gamosvlam gauZliera
ers rwmena Tavisi gansakuTrebuli misiis Sesaxeb saSinao da sagareo
politikaSi. SeerTebuli Statebis liderebs demokratiuli struqturis
SenarCuneba, romelsac uzarmazari Zalisxmevis fasad icavdnen da
cdilobdnen, rac SeiZleboda met xalxs esargebla keTildReobis
SedegebiT. maTTvis es periodi iyo ,,amerikis saukune.

sagareo dazvervis strategia

AaSS-s mier msoflio politikur asparezze mopovebuli prestiJi da misi
aqtiuri roli Tanamedrove dinamiur msoflioSi metad arTulebs da udides
misias akisrebs am qveynis specsamsaxurebs. aSS-s politikur dominantobas da
mis
sagareo
kurss
uamravi
radikalurad
ganwyobili
saxelmwifo
upirispirdeba.
XXI saukuneSi teqnologiuri novaciebis epoqaSi aSS-s specsamsaxurebs
ufro meti profesionalizmis gamovlena marTebT, rom aRkveTon mtrulad
ganwyobili saxelmwifoebis mier aSS-s saxelmwifo struqturebSi gavlenis
agentebis damkvidreba da SpionaJis kidev uamravi Tvisobrivi qmedebani.
saukuneebi gavida, magram specsamsaxurebis miznebi da amocanebi ar Secvlila.
Seicvala mxolod maTi ganxorcielebis materialuri saSualebebi da xerxebi.
xolo meTodebi da maTi specifika ufro daxvewili da daundobeli gaxda.
samecniero-teqnikurma progresma ufro mobiluri da Sedegiani gaxada
specsamsaxurebis saqmianoba da amJamad mstovarTa adamianur resurss xSirad
kosmosuri Tanamgzavri-mzveravebi cvlian. ,,susti specsamsaxurebi = sust
saxelmwifos.
aSS-s yvela saxelmwifo struqtura metad Taviseburad aris organizebuli.
am qveynis Seqmnis da ganviTarebis istoria gviCvenebs, rom samxedropolitikuri da ekonomikuri saministroebi da uwyebebi aSS-s teritoriuli
sididis, geografiuli mdebareobis da Sida politikuri prioritetebis
gaTvaliswinebiT iqmneboda.
sagareo dazvervis misia gacilebiT rTuli da didi riskis matarebelia,
vidre
kontrdazvervis
misia
da
funqciebi,
rameTu
kontrdazvervis
specsamsaxurebi qveynis interesebs da mis usafrTxoebas icaven TavianTi
saxelmwifos SigniT, sakuTar teritoriaze da amis gamo maT qmedebebs ufro
meti stimuli da gambedaoba axasiaTebT. yovelive aRniSnuli gamowveulia,
agreTve, erTgvari fsiqologiuri momentiT, anu patriotuli grZnobebis
gamZafrebiTac, maSin, rodesac sagareo dazvervis aralegaluri TanamSromeli
anu jaSuSi mudmivi gamoaSkaravebis riskis qveS imyofeba da mudmivi
stresuli situaciebia Tanmdevi Tavisi dazverviTi xasiaTis mqone aqciebis
Sesrulebisas. ucxo qveyanaSi diplomatiis statusiT daculi da
Tbil
kabinetSi mokalaTebuli mzveravis riski axlosac ver miva aralegali
agentis yoveldRiur stresTan da mravalwlian, sxvis gvars amofarebul
farul legendebze agebul cxovrebasTan.
aralegaluri dazverva urTulesi procesia. is moiTxovs yvela wvrilmanis
Seswavlas da gaTvaliswinebas. ,,aralegalebi mravalwliani faruli
agenturi muSaobis dawyebis win specialur momzadebas gadiodnen. momzadebis
periodis
xangZlivoba
individualurad
ganisazRvreboda
,,rekrutis
(axalbeda) pirovnuli Tvisebebis: Tavisi niWis, ganaTlebis donis da
specifikuri informaciis aRqmis unaris mixedviT. pirvel etapze dawvrilebiT
iswavleba im qveynis istoria, kultura, arqiteqtura da wes-Cveulebebi, sadac
farulad unda ecxovraT. meore etapze ukve operatiuli teqnikis gamoyenebas

aswavlidnen. ,,aralegalebis mTavari amocana aris: agentebis gadabireba,

saidumlo dokumentaciis xelSi Cagdeba, Tavisi
qveynis agentebs Soris
operatiuli kavSiris uzrunvelyofa, diversiebis momzadeba da Catareba.
dasamali ar aris, rom yvela qveynis specsamsaxurs uxdeba ,,binZuri da
,,sisxliani specaqciebis (diversiuli aqti, operatiuli dainteresebis
obieqtis droebiT mwyobridan gamoyvana...) Catareba. am amocanebis realobaSi
gansaxorcieleblad
aRniSnul
struqturebSi
Seqmnilia
specialuri
danayofebi,
romlebic
Cveulebriv
raime
neitralur
saxels
arian
amofarebulni, radganac specoperaciebis momzadeba da Catareba maqsimalurad
farulad uwevT. aSS-s dazvervis centraluri sammarTvelo araerTgzis
iRebda monawileobas saxelmwifos gareT saidumlo operaciebSi: augusto
pinoCetis mier ganxorcielebuli gadatrialebis mxardaWera CileSi; kubeli
lideris, fidel kastros mkvlelobis mcdeloba, iaraRis miwodeba im
ZalebisaTvis,
romlebic
salvadorSi
ibrZodnen
kanonierad
arCeuli
mTavrobis winaaRmdeg. aRniSnuli qmedebebi sxva qveynis saSinao saqmeebSi
intervencias niSnavs, rac TiTqos aSS-s mier naqadagebi liberaluri
demokratiis principebisTvis sruliad miuRebelia.
spec-operaciebis
delikaturobidan
gamomdinare
Sesrulebis
iaraRic
gansakuTrebuli da uCveulo unda iyos. amitom specialurad, romelime
konkretuli
operaciis
Sesasruleblad
specsamsaxurebis
saidumlo
laboratoriebSi mzaddeboda iaraRi, romlis garegnuli saxe da teqnikuri
maxasiaTeblebi
Zalzed
gansxvavdeboda
Cveulebrivisagan.
magaliTad
SegviZlia moviyvanoT saintereso faqti: meore msoflio omi mTavrdeboda,
germania damarcxebisTvis iyo ganwiruli. mesame raixis
xelmZRvanlebi
eZebdnen gamosavals am rTuli situaciidan. diplomatiisa da sagareo
dazvervis didi mcdelobis miuxedavad, maT ver SeZles ,,didi sameulis
yvelaze saSiSi wevris stalinis fizikuri likvidacia. konkretuli
moqmedebis gegma gansazRvra germaneli gamomgoneblebis mier Seqmnilma
axalma cecxlsasrolma iaraRma (avtokalamma), romelic 6-8 metridan
sasikvdilod azianebda mizans.
ribentropma Tavisi idea hitlers, himlers da bormans gauziara. teraqtis
uSualo Semsruleblad germaniis sagareo dazvervis ufrosi valter
Selenbergi dasaxelda. germaniis mxares unda mieRwia da stalini umaRlesi
donis ormxriv farul molaparakebebze unda Seetyuebina, iq ki Selenbergi
,,avtokalams gamoiyenebda. aRniSnul gegmas CasaxvisTanave Cavardna ewera. am
gegmis absurduloba imaSi mdgomareobda, rom isedac eWviani stalini
arafris didebiT ar dajdeboda molaparakebis magidasTan damarcxebisaTvis
ukve ganwirul mterTan.
Znelad warmosadgenia is saidumlo arsenali, romelsac XXI saukunis
progresuli saxelmwifoebis specsamsaxurebi flobdnen da iyenebdnen
TavianTi miznebis gansaxorcieleblad. Tu XX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi
saidumlo teqnikur laboratoriebs SeeZloT aseTi specteqnikis da
meqanizmebis Seqmna Tanamedrove novatorul epoqaSi universalur doneze
iqneba ayvanili da ganviTarebuli aRniSnuli sferos teqnologiuri mxare. am

arsenalSi Sedis magaliTad, fotoaparatsa da videokameraSi CamontaJebuli

pistoletis sistema, pistoleti kalami, romelzec zeviT ukve gvqonda
saubari, qolgis wverSi CamontaJebuli kafsula, biologiuri nivTierebis
SigTavsiT da kidev uamravi nivTi, romlebic specialistebis xelSi
speciaraRad iqceva.
aSS-s dazvervis centraluri sammarTvelo saidumlo informacias moipovebs
da
aanalizebs
partniori
qveynebis
teritoriazec.
es
erTgvari
kanonzomierebac gaxlavT, rameTu aSS-s mzveravs informaciis mopoveba, ra
Tqma unda, ufro uadvildeba partniori, evrokavSiris nebismier qveyanaSi,
vidre masTan dapirispirebul da mtrulad ganwyobil iranis muslimuri
saxelmwifos teritoriaze, sadac iranis uSiSroebis samsaxuri - ,,savaki
ucxoelebs mudmiv kontrols uwevs. aqedan gamomdinare, logikuria, vaRiaroT,
rom aSS-s dazvervis centraluri sammarTvelo specaqciebs atarebs dedamiwis
TiTqmis yvela wertilSi. Tavisi struqturac (ganyofilebebi) swored
geografiuli niSniT aris agebuli da dayofili. amerikis jaSuSebi
saidumlo informaciis mosapoveblad aqtiurad moRvaweoben aziasa da
afrikaSi,
avstraliasa
da
laTinur
amerikaSi,
axlo
da
Soreul
aRmosavleTSi da rac metad sainteresoa Crdilo atlantikuri aliansis
wevri qveynebis teritoriazec, anu, rogorc aRvniSneT, evropis qveyanebSic.
AaSS-s dazvervis agentebi dRiTi-dRe ufro mtkiced mkvidrdebian sxvadasxva
kontinentze da amravleben TavianT agentur qsels. maTi prioritetuli mxare
gavlenis agentebis gadmobireba gaxlavT, rac umaRles miRwevade miiCneva
aralegalur mzveravTa wreSi.
xSirad xdeboda xolme rom TviT aSS-s dazvervis specsamsaxurebSi
mkvidrdebodnen ucxo qveynis jaSuSebi. es gansakuTrebiT ,,civi omis, aSS-sa
da sabWoTa ruseTis dapirispirebis epoqaSi iyo damaxasiaTebeli, razec
istoriuli faqtebic metyvelebs, amisaTvis sakmarisia magaliTad moviyvanoT
kembrinjis xuTeuli. maT aSS-sa da mis partnior sxvadasva kapitalistur
qveynebSi sakmaod maRali Tanamdebobebi ekavaT,
Tumca aseT SemTxvevebi
damaxasiaTebeli ruseTis specsamsaxurebisTvisac iyo. sakmarisia aRniSnulis
faqtad moviyvanoT viqtor suvorovis, Tavdacvis generaluri Stabis
dazvervis mTavari sammarTvelos maioris, gaqceva dasavleTSi. erTi qveynis
specsamsaxuris TanamSromlis ucxo qveynis mxareze gadasvla da saxelmwifo
Ralati, rac bevr qveyanaSi mkacrad isjeba, mravali mizeziT aris
gamowveuli, esenia: protestis grZnoba saxelmwifos an konkretulad
struqturaSi mmarTveli wreebis mimarT; religiuri an sxva sawinaaRmdego
Sexedulebebidan gamomdinare, aseve SesaZlebelia finansuri (angareba)
dainteresebis qona, an sxva saxelmwifos wyobis mimarT simpatiebis qona, rac
bevri faqtoriT SeiZleba iyos gamowveuli, kerZod, ucxoeTSi ganaTlebis
miReba, ojaxuri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare (meuRle, romelic ucxo qveynis
moqalaqea, an ucxoeli mSoblebi...).
aSS-s dazvervis centraluri sammarTvelos oficialuri saiti iuwyeba, rom
mxolod 1995-2002 wlebSi, saidumlo informaciis gavrcelebis gamo, aRiZra
ramdenime aseuli sisxlis samarTlis saqme, saxelmwifos Ralatis muxliT.
aRniSnuli
saqmeebi
gadavida
iusticiis
saministros
xelSi,
rom

gatarebuliyo kontrdazverviTi prevenciuli aqciebi, romlebic momavalSi

maT qveyanas Tavidan aacilebda arasasiamovmo faqtebs, xolo informaciis
gamavrcelebeli, romelmac didi ziani da zarali miayena saxelmwifos,
saTanadod daisjeboda da es iqneboda gafrTxileba sxva danarCenebisaTvis.
amJamad, aSS-s dazvervis centralur sammarTvelos aseulobiT rezidentura
aqvs ganlagebuli sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. aRniSnul rezidenturebSi moqmedeben,
rogorc nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentos, anu teqnikuri dazvervis
agentebi, aseve sxva mravali aSS-s gasaidumloebuli specsamsaxuris jaSuSebi,
romelTac konkretuli davaleba aqvT gansazRvruli. rezidenturebis
SemadgenlobaSi
myof
jaSuSebze
kontrols
axorcielebs
dazvervis
centraluri sammarTvelos ucxoeTis rezidenturis ufrosi rezidenti,
romelic erTgvar obobis qselis magvar agentur kavSirebs amyarebs sxva
qveynis teritoriaze. yovelive es gaxlavT mxolod mciredi nawili im didi
saidumlo informaciisa, rac cxrakliturs miRma aris gasaidumloebuli
sazogadoebisagan.
Ddaskvnis saxiT aRvniSnavdi, rom aSS-s dazvervis centraluri saagento,
romelic aSS-s sazRvrebs gareT saqmianobs savaraudod 17-18 aTas
TanamSromels iTvlis, xolo kontraqtiT ayvanili da qolgis qveS
sxvadasxva
gadamfarav
organizaciebSi
moRvawe
araoficialuri
(aralegalebi) TanamSromlebis CaTvliT savaraudo informaciiT 40 aTas
aRwevs.

centraluri sadazvervo saagentos specaqciebi

amerikis
dazvervis
centraluri
saagentos
yofilma
oficerma,
mogvianebiT ki am organizaciis kritikosma ralf uolter megehim (Ralph
Walter McGehee) aRniSna, rom dazvervis centraluri saagentos (CIA)-is mTavar
saqmianobas ar Seadgens marto dazverva, anu ucxo qveynidan strategiuli
mniSvnelobis mqone informaciis mopoveba, damuSaveba da miwodeba Sesabamisi
uwyebisTvis
(prezidentisTvis,
erovnuli
dazvervis
direqtorisTvis,
uSiSroebis sabWosTvis). am funqciis Sesrulebis nacvlad, rogorc megehi
amtkicebs, dazvervis centraluri saagento ZiriTadad dakavebulia faruli
qmedebebiT (covert action), romlis meSveobiTac saagento akontrolebs
politikur movlenebs ama Tu im ucxo qveyanaSi da manipulirebas axdens
sasurveli politikuri Zalebis mosvlisa da arasasurvelis wasvlis
procesebze, maTi politikuri marginalizebis,Mfizikuri neitralizebis, Tu
raime sxva specialuri saSualebebiT.Mmegehi yuradRebas amaxvilebs im
faqtze, rom aucilebelia gaanalizdes Tu ramdenad sandoa dazvervis
samsaxuris mier faruli qmedebebis Sedegad mopovebuli informacia,
Tavdapirvelad gasarkvevia xo ar emsaxureba igi romelime politikuri
jgufis interess?! magaliTad SeiZleba moyvanil iqnas, 2003 wlis erayis
specoperacia, sadac amerikuli sadazvervo masala specialurad iyo
moWrili specifiuri politikuri interesis yalibze. imis nacvlad, rom
vaSingtons omis dawyebis politikuri gadawyvetileba sando sadazvervo
analitikuri codnis safuZvelze mieRo, arsebulma sadazvervo monacemebma
Seasrules ukve miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gamarTlebis funqcia. saWiroa
ganvasxvavoT erTmaneTisgan is sadazvervo masala, romelic asrulebs
politikuri gadawyvetilebis sajarod gamarTlebis funqcias da is,
romelic realurad uswrebs da apirobebs am politikur gadawyvetilebas.
pirvelis arseboba ar niSnavs, rom ar arsebobs meore. erayis SemTxvevaSi, es
ukanaskneli arsebobda, Tumca ar yofila gancxadebuli. aRniSnuli nabiji
emsaxureboda vaSingtonis maSindeli elitis
ganucxadebel politikur
mizans, amerikis koaliciuri jarebis mier erayis okupacia realurad
navTobis da sxva geo-politikur da ekonomikuri grZelvadiani proeqtebis
aucilebeli komponenti iyo.
aRniSnuli sakiTxis ufro konkretuli mxare Cndeba maSin, rodesac
SekiTxvas svamen amerikis dazvervis samsaxurebis qmedebebis Tavsebadobaze
samarTlis cnebasTan da maT pragmatul Rirebulebaze. sakiTxvis pirveli
aspeqtis nakli isaa, rom amerikis am uwyebis faruli funqciebis legaluri
da eTikuri dacva yvelaze ufro Tavgamodebul pro-amerikelebsac ki uWirT.
am amerikuli dazvervis specialuri samsaxuris Semoqmedebis klasikuri
nawili scdeba legalur enaSi misi raime pozitiuri aRweradobis
SesaZleblobas. is myarad da trivialurad Tavsdeba qronikuli da
mZimewoniani saerTaSoriso samarTaldarRvevebis kategoriaSi.
sakiTxi ufro saintereso xdeba maSin, rodesac formaluri da
samarTlebriv-statusobrivi arsis dadgenis nacvlad vexebiT amerikis
xsenebuli dazvervis uwyebis praqtikis konkretul Sinaarsobriv mxares da

mis
pragmatikas.Aam
mxaris
zogierTi
aspeqtis
mokle
mimoxilvamde
sasurvelia SeiniSnos, rom megehis mtkicebaSi fraza faruli qmedeba
farTo mniSvnelobiTaa gamoyenebuli da moicavs saidumlo operaciis
(Clandestine Operation) cnebasac. rogorc wesi am or cnebas ansxvaveben, farul
qmedebaSi arsebiTia TviTon qmedebis da ara misi Sedegis faruloba,
rodesac specoperaciis Sedegi saxezea, magaliTad obieqtis likvidaciis
faqti, magram ucnobia Semsrulebeli da damkveTi mxare. saidumlo
operacia gansxvavdeba specoperaciaSi miRweuli Sedegebis farulobiT. amis
magaliTia gavlenis agentis gadmobireba, romelSic mosyiduli agentis
Ralatis ucnoboba operaciis warmatebis kriteriumia.
filip barnet franklin eiji (Philip Burnett Franklin Agee) dazvervis
centraluri saagentos yofili oficeri, am organizaciis ufro didi
kritikosia vidre megehi. man bevri ram gaakeTa imisTvis, rom sajarod
cnobili gamxdariyo is saSualebebi, romlebic SeaZlebinebda konkretul
sazogadoebas, Tu jgufs nawilobriv mainc SeezRuda amerikuli dazvervis
agentTa an amerikis dazvervis oficerTa SesaZlo ukanono qmedebebi maT
qveyanaSi, misi TqmiT erT-erTi aucilebeli nabiji amerikeli mzveravebis
mier gadabirebuli agentebis vinaobis gamJRavneba gaxldaT. filip eijis
mier 1975 wels gamoqveynebulma wignma Inside The Company: CIA Diary (kompaniis
SigniT: dazvervis centraluri saagentos dRiuri) didwilad ganapiroba is,
rom 1982 wels amerikis kongresma miiRo mzveravTa vinaobis dacvis aqti
(Intelligence Identities Protection Act) romlis Tanaxmad amerikuli dazvervis
faruli agentis vinaobis gamxela vinmes mier federalur danaSauls
warmoadgens, magram aRniSnuli aqti mxolod aSS-s teritoriaze an mis
moqalaqeebze vrceldeba. eijim 250 faruli agentis vinaoba daasaxela, ris
Semdegac igi iZulebuli gaxda daetovebina aSS da sicocxlis bolomde
erTi qveynidan meoreSi gadasaxlebuliyo, sanam 2008 wlis 9 ianvars kubaSi
ar dalia suli.
zogadad cnobilia, rom amerikeli mzveravebi ucxo qveyanaSi ZiriTadad
ori saxis legendiT miemgzavrebian: erT-erTia diplomatiuri korpusis
TanamSromlis legendiT, romliTac mzveravi ucxo qveyanaSi amerikis
saelCos TanamSromlad gvevlineba. meore legendaa biznesmenis amplua, es
ar niSnavs, rom mocemuli mzveravis biznesi ararealuria, es mxolod erTerTi SesaZleblobaa. legendis mqone mzveravi SeiZleba eweodes realur
biznes-saqmianobas da aTavsebdes mas mis mTavar sadazvervo saqmesTan. xSir
SemTxvevaSi, es SeTavseba sakmaod nayofieria misTvis da xels uwyobs
samizne sazogadoebaSi myari kavSirisa da ndobis mopovebas. mzveravis am
ori legendis garda, dazvervis muSaks SeiZleba aseve SexvdeT rogorc
erTjerad stumars qveyanaSi, iqneba es gacvliTi programis studenti,
mowveuli maswavlebeli, religiuri muSaki, politikuri eqsperti, saarCevno
meTvalyure Tu mravali sxva.
dazvervis centraluri saagentos specaqciebis realuri profilis
dasanaxad aucilebelia specialuri operaciebis sammarTvelos (Special
Activities Division) saqmianobis codna. specialuri operaciebis sammarTvelo

aris dazvervis centraluri saagentos saxelmwifo saidumlo samsaxuris

specdanayofi, romelic saidumlo operaciebs anxorcielebs. specialuri
operaciebis sammarTveloSi aris ori damoukidebeli jgufi: erTi
gamoiyeneba samxedro tipis, taqtikuri specoperaciebis da davalebebis
gansaxorcieleblad, xolo meore faruli politikuri qmedebebisaTvis.
specialuri operaciebis sammarTvelos saqme araa Ria da sajaro
informaciis mopoveba, misi saqmianobis birTvi faruli qmedebaa. aRniSnuli
sammarTvelos mzveravebisaTvis aucilebeli maxasiaTeblebia Teoriuli
multi-kvalificiuroba da analitikuri azrovneba, situaciuri alRo da
socialuri elastiuroba.
rogorc wesi, destabilizirebul, militarizebul zonaSi amerikis
sadazvervo samsaxurSi win iwevs faruli qmedebebis paramilitaruli
funqcia, magram saSualo an zomieri politikuri stabilurobis pirobebSi,
samizne sazogadoebaSi, rogorc wesi mesame samyaros qveynebSi amerikis
dazvervis samsaxurs sakmaod farTo socialuri monitoringis funqcia aqvs.
ekonomikuri, politikuri da militaruli Rrma strategiuli mniSvnelobis
mqone sferoebis analitikis garda es farTo socialuri monitoringis
funqcia mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs SesaZlo krizisuli da konfliqturi
situaciebis marTvaSi.
stabiluri situaciis pirobebSi saagento ar izRudeba ucxo qveynis
mxolod politikuri elitis an sxva politikuri jgufebis uSualo
Tvalyurisa da damoZRvris funqciiT, is rogorc wesi aqtiuradaa CarTuli
mocemuli sazogadoebis masobrivi cnobierebis dinebebis analizSi da
ganviTarebaSi. xalxuri folkloris naratiuli Sinaarsebisa da formebis
Seswavla, masobrivi cnobierebis istoriuli dinamikis codna, elitaluri
dajgufebebis dominanturi msoflmxedvelobrivi formireba da moqmedi
stereotipebis kvleva, yovelive es aris dazvervis centraluri saagentos
erT-erTi rgolis, dazvervis sammarTvelos kompetencia. amgvari cnebiTi da
faqtobrivi masalis kvleva, maT safuZvelze samoqmedo programebis
modelireba da maTi gamoyenebadobis pirobebis dadgena arsebiTi safexuria,
is win uZRvis specialuri operaciebis sammarTvelos oficerTa praqtikul
saqmianobas. rogorc wesi e.w. fsiqologiuri omi da misi Semadgeneli
negatiuri da pozitiuri propaganda, romelic farul qmedebaTa arsebiT
komponentebs Seadgenen, ganpirobebuli unda iyos dazvervis sammarTvelos
analizuri monacemebiT, Tumca realurad, saagentos struqturis aRniSnuli
Sromis danawileba yovelTvis ar niSnavs, rom nebismieri Ria informacia
analizdeba da sadazvervo masalad muSavdeba dazvervis sammarTvelos mier.
arakompleqsur situaciebSi farulad momqmed operatiul muSaks,
mzveravs, rogorc wesi SeuZlia mimarTos sakuTar warmosaxvas da intuicias,
raTa konkretuli individis, jgufis an sazogadoebis miTosi an tradicia
sakuTari miznebis misaRwevad gamoiyenos. magaliTad, rodesac meoce
saukunis 40-ian wlebSi filipinuri komunisturi partiis SeiaraRebuli
frTis Hukbalahap-is meamboxeebTan brZolisas amerikeli mzveravebis erT-erTi
arsebiTi meTodi vampiruli mkvlelobebis simulacia iyo (yel-gamoRadruli,
sisxlisagan sruliad daclili cxedrebis mimobneva filipinur soflebSi

sakmarisi aRmoCnda imisTvis, rom vampirebis Sesaxeb crurwmenebis mqone

meamboxeebs winaaRmdegobis gareSe mietovebinaT teritoria), es ar niSnavda
imas, rom aq jer dazvervis sammarTvelom ikvlia filipinuri miTosi
vampirebis da sxva movlenebis Sesaxeb da Semdeg specialuri operaciebis
sammarTvelos oficerma miuyena kvleviTi Sedegebi konkretul situacias.
magaliTad cnobilia feaqtebi, rodesac zogierT arabulenovan qveyanaSi
amerikel mzveravebs mosyiduli hyavdaT astrologebi da mkiTxavebi, radgan
masam regularulad moisminos garkveuli saxis naTelxilvebi, romelSic
sasurveli politikuri movlenebi dadebiTad iqneba aRwerili, dazvervis
sammarTvelos arabulenovani kulturis eqspertiza metad specifikuri da
mniSvnelovani analitikuri rgolia, romelsac mravali mzveravi aanalizebs.
amerikis
dazvervis
centraluri
saagentos
biujeti
didi
xani
gasaidumloebuli iyo, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom wliuri 44 miliardi
dolari, cifri romelic amerikis erovnuli dazvervis direqtoris yofilma
moadgilem meri margaret grehemma daasaxela 2005 wels verc ki asaxavdes im
realur
saxsrebs,
romelsac
es
organizacia
xarjavs,
rodesac
gaTvaliswinebulia sxvadasxva farul operaciebsa da qmedebebSi gaRebuli
naRdi Tanxebi. uaxlesi teqnikuri aRWurvilobiT, mecnieruli inovaciebis
sakuTar praqtikaSi myisieri danergviT, sakadro momcvelobiT da rac
mTavaria
globaluri
SeRwevebiT
es
organizacia
aseve
scildeba
SedarebiTobis parametrebs.

Zalis diplomatia amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis

sagareo politikis arsenalSi
saerTaSoriso sakiTxebSi amerikis mier Zalis gamoyenebis gamarTlebis
Taobaze amerikul azrovnebaSi bolo 40 wlis ganmavlobaSi SeimCneva metad
sayuradRebo tendencia, romlis mixedviTac, Zalis kanonieri gamoyenebis
cneba farTovdeba, rasac Tavad amerikelebi `humanitarul intervencias~
uwodeben.
imis sailustraciod, Tu ra devs sasworze, moviyvanoT pativcemuli
istorikosisa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis specialistis kuinsi raitis
SeniSvna: `roca omi ideisaTvis iwarmoeba, gansakuTrebiT Tu es idea farTo
da civilizaciisaTvis fundamenturadaa miCneuli, Tu vinme demokratiisaTvis
ibrZvis, SeiZleba saWiro aRmoCndes yvela saxelmwifosa da adamianebis
umravlesobis mospoba, rom darCes Tavisufali adgili, sadac SeiZleba
demokratia ganviTardes.~
humanitaruli intervenciebiT amerika met-naklebad angrevs mis mierve
Seqmnili Zalis gamoyenebis globaluri akrZalvis gaero-s sistemas da
cdilobs amJamindel situacias moargos Zalis gamoyeneba ise, rom Tavi
warmoaCinos, rogorc msoflio usafrTxoebis uprecedento garantma.
aSS-s samxedro-politikur strategias didi istoriuli warsuli gaaCnia:
1961 weli aSS-s intervencia kubaSi, 1968 weli vietnamSi, 1983 weli grenadaSi,
1989 wels panamaSi, 2002 wels eraySi... aSS-s es samxedro aqtebi erTgvari
brZola aris msoflio stabilurobis da usafrTxoebis SesanarCuneblad,
Semakavebeli, prevenciuli zomebi im qveynebisaTvis vinc demokratiis
WeSmarit faseulobebs gmobs, magram am movlenaTa analizisas meoremxriv es
qmedebebi SeiZleba samxedro agresiadac Sefasdes. yovelive amas istoria
gansjis Tavis droze, istoriisaTvis, mTavaria ara is Tu ra SeiZleboda
momxdariyo, aramed is Tu ra moxda.
zog SemTxvevaSi aSS-s agresiuli sagareo politika misasalmebelic aris,
radgan mravali saxelmwifo marTlac did safrTxes warmoadgens msoflio
TanamegobrobisaTvis. dazvervis centraluri sammarTvelos SefasebiT,
msoflioSi sul cota oci saxelmwifo awarmoebs qimiur da birTvul
iaraRs, an yovel SemTxvevaSi, miiswrafvis aqeTken. axlo da Sua
aRmosavleTis saxelmwifoebs sakuTari qimiuri da birTvuli iaraRis vrcel
monakveTebze sasrolad didi xania aqvT saSualo siSoris raketebi. isini am
iaraRs sabWoTa kavSiris an dasavleTis saxelmwifoebisagan yidulobdnen,
mogvianebiT CineTisagan, SigadaSig aseve braziliis, argentinis da
CrdiloeT koreisagan. maTi moqmedebis radiusia daaxloebiT 1000km. da
zeviT. CineTis saxalxo respublikam Tavisi saraketo programa imgvarad
ganaviTara, rom is am programas komerciuli miznebisaTvis uTmobs
dasavleTis saxelmwifoebs. irans aqvs sakuTari saraketo industria,
erayisa ki 1991 wels ganadgurda. saSualo siSoris raketebi arsebobs orive
koreaSi, pakistanSi, indoeTsa da taivanSi. sabednierod biologiuri iaraRi,
rogorc Cans, jer ar aris farTod gavrcelebuli mesame samyaroSi.
teroristebis xelSi mas industrializebuli samyarosaTvis uzarmazari

zaralis miyeneba SeuZlia ise, rom ar iqnes CaTreuli qveyana, saidanac es

iaraRi modis.
amerikelebi xSirad iyeneben termins `ukanaskneli zesaxelmwifo~ aSS-s
dasaxasiaTeblad, magram 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris Semdeg amerikis
xelisuflebam imperiisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi gamoaCina. gvsurs
moviyvanoT amerikeli politikuri komentatoris patrik biukenenis citata:
`2001 wlis 11 seqtembris movlenebi warmoadgens islamur samyaroSi aSS-s
intervencionisturi politikis pirdapir Sedegs. arada, islamuri samyaros
mxridan CvenTvis safrTxe imdenad didi ar aris, rom Cveni aseTi uceremonio
da dabejiTebuli Careva gavamarTloT. Cven xom respublika varT da ara
imperia. manmade, vidre Cven ar davubrundebiT Cvens politikas, romelic
gvianderZes Cveni qveynis damfuZnebelma mamebma, Tavi SevikavoT sxva qveynebis
dapirispirebebSi Carevisagan, Cven ar gviweria, Tavi vigrZnoT usafrTxod
TviT sakuTar saxlSi.~
militarizmis gaZliereba, saxelmwifo saidumlo seqtoris gafarToeba da
imis rwmena, rom SeerTebuli Statebi ukve aRar aris SezRuduli amerikis
damoukideblobis
deklaraciis
saxelganTqmuli
formulirebiT,
`kacobriobis azris jerovani gaTvaliswinebiT~ es ukve Seuqcevadi
procesia. raTa am procesis SeCereba realuri gaxdes, saWiro iqneba
pentagonis
kvlav
daqvemdebareba
demokratiuli
kontrolisadmi
da
dazvervis centraluri sammarTvelos ambiciebis moTokva.
axali prezidentis, barak obamas administraciam marTlac, rom gadaxeda
am
prioritetul
sferos,
Zalovani
struqturebis
funqciebsa
da
prioritetebs, Camoayaliba koreqtirebuli da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi xisti
strategiac, Tumca barak obamas administracias umTavres iaraRad
diplomatiuri arsenali miaCnia.
Zneli warmosadgenia, magram meore msoflio omis dawyebis win amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis SeiaraRebul ZalebSi sul 168 000 kaci msaxurobda.
dRes mSvidobianobis Jams, igive amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi inaxaven 4,4
milion samxedro mamakacs da qals.
aSS-s sagareo politikaSi udidesi roli aqvs Crdilo atlantikur
alianss NATO-s. jer kidev me-20 saukuneSi `civi omis~ dros, ori
dapirispirebuli banakis arsebobisas aliansma udidesi roli iTamaSa
msoflioSi stabilurobisa da birTvuli omis zRvarze myofi msoflios
dasaregulireblad.
zbignev bJezinski, romelic SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo aparatSi
1979 wels, swored im periodSi moRvaweobda, rodesac sabWoTa kavSiri
avRaneTSi
SeiWra,
SeerTebuli
Statebisa
da
koaliciuri
Zalebis
SesaZleblobebs avRaneTis samSvidobo operaciaSi warmatebis miRwevis
Taobaze pesimisturad afasebs. yofili mrCeveli miiCnevs, rom 11 seqtembris
Semdeg aSS-s SeiaraRebuli Zalebis specialuri daniSnulebis razmis
mxolod
300
samxedro
aRmoCnda
sakmarisi
avRaneTis
TalibTa
mmarTvelobisagan gasaTavisufleblad, roca dRes avRaneTSi stabilurobis
SesanarCuneblad da amboxebul TalibebTan sabrZolvelad koaliciis
100 000 samxedroc ki aRar aris sakmarisi. msgavsi situaciaa eraySic, sadac
gamalebiT ewyoba teraqtebi da iRupeba uamravi adamiani, rogorc koaliciis

jariskacebi aseve adgilobrivi mosaxleobac, rac aSkarad sruli

kontrolis sadaveebis Sesustebas niSnavs.
bJezinskis azriT, es viTareba sul ufro emsgavseba avRaneTSi sabWoTa
intervencias, xolo saerTaSoriso Zalebi okupantebs. misive gancxadebiT,
avRanuri kampania prezident obamasTvis
erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani
sagareo politikuri sakiTxia, romelic aucileblad saWiroebs strategiul
gadaxedvas, `winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi arsebobs didi riski, rom sruliad
gauazreblad
sabWoTa
jariskacebis
beds
gaviziarebT,~
ganacxada
usafrTxoebis yofilma mrCevelma. bJezinskim NATO-s momavalzec isaubra da
aRniSna, rom Tuki evropuli Zalebi SeerTebul Statebs avRaneTSi marto
datoveben, es NATO-s dasasruli iqneba, Tumca aqve man movlenaTa amgvari
ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba praqtikulad gamoricxa.
specsamsaxurebis, kerZod ki dazvervis roli aSS-s sagareo politikis
warmoebaSi udaod didia. dazvervis centraluri sammarTvelos moqmedebis
umTavres strategiul sferos warmoadgens terorizmTan da SpionaJTan
daundobeli meTodebiT brZolis warmoeba. aRniSnuli qveynis dazvervis
specialur samsaxurs mkacr kontrolze yavs ayvanili amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis srulwlovani mosaxleobis didi umravlesoba, rom araferi vTqvaT
im sagareo kontrdazverviT aqciebze, romliTac isini mkacr kontrols
uweseben ucxoeTis moqalaqeebs, ucxoel studentebs da ucxo qveynebis
diplomatiuri korpusis TanamSromlebs. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
mravalaTasiani saidumlo samsaxuris aparati mizanmimarTulia, rom mTeli
msoflios maStabiT gaaCaRos totaluri SpionaJis aqciebi amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis interesebis sasargeblod. aRniSnuli qmedebebi xSirad
Seicavs, rogorc amoralur aseve danaSaulebriv elementebsac. metad
saintereso gaxlavT cnobili amerikeli Jurnalistis andersonis mier
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis dazvervis centraluri sammarTvelosaTvis
micemuli Sefaseba: `dazvervis centraluri sammarTvelo ubrundeba
muSaobis Zvel da binZur meTodebs, sazRvargareT sxvadasxva saxelmwifos
teritoriaze diversiuli aqtebis da SpionaJis warmoebis aprobirebul
xerxs.~
msoflio istoriis ganmavlobaSi sxvadasxva saxelmwifoTa mier maTi
erovnuli
usafrTxoebisa
da
saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukideblobis
ganmtkicebis mizniT mravali aliansi da koalicia Seiqmna. saxelmwifoTa
Soris kavSirebi iqmneboda im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac qveynebis interesebi
erTmaneTs emTxveoda da roca maT winaSe saerTo safrTxe arsebobda.
sxvadasxva aliansebisa Tu koaliciebis SeqmniT, kavSirSi Semavali
saxelmwifoebi erTad awonasworebdnen agresori metoqis Zlierebas.
kavSiris wevrebi miiCnevdnen, rom potenciuri agresori sakmaod Zlieri
kavSiris winaaRmdeg brZolas moerideboda.
XX saukuneSi Crdilo atlantikuri aliansi NATO gaxldaT varSavis
blokSi Semaval saxelmwifoTa agresiis Semakavebeli Zala, aRsaniSnavia, rom
samxedro-politikuri bloki NATO dRemde inarCunebs Tavis strategiul
funqcias msoflio politikur arenaze.
rogorc cnobilia, nato-s aqtiuri Zalisxmevis Sedegad `civi omis~
periodSi, kacobriobam Tavidan aicila mesame msoflio omi, (birTvuli omi).
mokled gavaanalizoT, Tu ra faqtorebma ganapiroba nato-s blokis

gamarjveba. erT-erTi mTavari mizezi gaxldaT is, rom meore msoflio omis
Semdeg
Seqmnili
bloki
NATO socialisturi
varSavis
blokisagan
gansxvavebiT warmodgenili iyo rogorc erTiani gundi. NATO-s Seqmnis
pirveli dReebidanve sabWoTa komunizmisagan Tavdacvis mizniT dasavleT
evropis saxelmwifoebi Zal-Rones ar iSurebdnen, raTa aSS-s samxedro
kontingenti evropaSi gazrdili yofiliyo. amitomac iyo, rom NATO-s
evropeli mokavSireebis teritoriaze 200-ze meti aSS-is samxedro bazisa da
samxedro obieqtis ganTavseba ganxorcielda nebayoflobiT safuZvelze,
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis da misi evropeli mokavSireebis interesebis
urTierTgaTvaliswinebiT. amave dros, evropis qveynebis mosaxleobis
umravlesoba, acnobierebda ra sabWoTa kavSiridan mosalodnel safrTxes,
ar iyo negatiurad ganwyobili aSS-is politikuri istebliSmentis da misi
samxedro bazebis mimarT.
komunisturi banakis daSlis Sedegad msoflioSi Seiqmna sruliad axali
geopolitikuri realobebi. zemoaRniSnulma faqtma Seqmna imis myari
safuZveli, rom momxdariyo Crdiloatlantikuri aliansis transformacia.
`civi omis~ dasrulebis periodSi NATO-s ZiriTad mizans warmoadgenda
aRmosavleTTan
konfrontaciis
politikidan
partniorobisa
da
TanamSromlobis politikaze gadasvla. aliansisaTvis erT-erT umTavres
prioritets warmoadgenda da warmoadgens evropis uSiSroebis axali
arqiteqturis mSenebloba, romlis mTavari safuZveli unda iyos dasavluri
demokratiuli faseulobebi.
NATO-s saqmianobisas ZiriTadi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia usafrTxoebis
sakiTxebze da maRali donis diplomatiaze, rac dakavSirebulia samxedropolitikuri
blokis
samitebTan
da
am
RonisZiebebze
miRebul
gadawyvetilebebze. globaluri xasiaTis sakiTxebis gadaWrasTan erTad
NATO yoveldRiurad aqtiuradaa CarTuli mravalricxovani proeqtebis
ganxorcielebaSi, romlebic mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs evroatlantikur
regionSi usafrTxoebis kuTxiT mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaSi.
XXI saukuneSi, rogorc sxva erebs, aseve amerikas mouwevs, iswavlos
lavireba xist aucileblobasa da moqnil arCevans Soris, saerTaSoriso
urTierTobebis ucvlel principebsa da elementebs Soris.
aSS-s sagareo politika ganisazRvreba ara imdenad sakuTari nebasurviliT,
aramed
aucileblobiT,
rac
imperiisagan
gansxvavebiT,
respublikis damaxasiaTebeli jansaRi tendenciaa. 21-e saukuneSi aSS-s
warmateba yvelaze metad damokidebulia momavlis sworad ganWvretis
unarze da amerikuli xasiaTis fenomenze. amerikelebi darwmunebulni arian,
rom msoflio srulyofili ver gaxdeba, magram mas SeuZlia gacilebiT
ukeTesi gaxdes, vidre es bevrs hgonia.

agenturuli saqmianobis specifika

agenti
dazvervis
mier
faruli
saqmianobis
gansaxorcieleblad
gadmobirebuli piria, romelic saidumlod, nebayoflobiT, anazRaurebiT an
anazRaurebis gareSe TanamSromlobs da ar imyofeba mis StatSi. agentis
mimarT wayenebuli ZiriTadi moTxovnebia: sadazvervo wvdoma, saimedooba,
sadazvervo SesaZleblobebisa da/an perspeqtivebis floba.
magaliTad dasavleTis qveynebSi sityva agents meore mniSvnelobac
gaaCnia, agentebs uwodeben specsamsaxurebis rigebSi momuSave oficrebs an
gasaidumloebul
TanamSromlebs,
romlebic
organizaciis
davalebiT
sxvadasxva SeRwevis meTodebiT da winaswar damuSavebuli legendiT
legalurad an aralegalurad asruleben specialur davalebebs, magaliTad:
gamoZiebis federaluri biuros specialuri agenti, saidumlo samsaxuris
specialuri agenti da a.S. faqtiurad sityva agenti aRniSnavs romelime
saagentos interesebis gamtarebel da aRmsrulebel pirs.
Ggadmobirebis meTodi verbovka dazvervis arsenalSi uZvelesi droidan
gamoiyeneba da dResac aqtualuria. dazvervis istoriaSi civi omi_s
periodi saidumlo omis piks warmoadgens. mocemul TavSi swored
aRniSnul sakiTxs gvsurs SevexoT.
aSS_s centraluri sadazvervo saagentos oficris eduard smitis
mowinaaRmdege saxelmwifos specsamsaxuris mier gadabirebis oficialuri
faqti 1953 wels dafiqsirda, igi centraluri sadazvervo saagentos
moskovis rezidenturis TanamSromeli iyo. mogvianebiT cnobili xdeba rom
ssrk-s sagareo dazvervis mier gadmobirebul iqna araerTi gavlenis agenti.
am mxriv arc aSS-s dazverva aklebda xels. orive saxelmwifos
specsamsaxurebis rigebSi iyvnen araloialuri pirebi, romlebic sxvadasxva
motiviT Ralatobdnen TavianT samSoblos. 1980-iani wlebis bolosTvis
sabWoTa dazvervam erTgvar warmatebas miaRwia gadmobirebis sferoSi. maT
sasargeblod TanamSromlobdnen edvard li viqtor hovardi da oldriC
heizen eimsi.
edvard li hovardi daibada 1951 wlis 27 oqtombers qalaq alamogordoSi,
niu-meqsikos StatSi. saSualo skolis damTavrebis Semdeg hovardi moewyo
texasis universitetis ekonomikisa da saerTaSoriso vaWrobis fakultetze,
romelic 1972 wels warCinebiT daamTavra. imave wels man miiRo amerikis
mSvidobis korpusis SeTavazeba maT rigebSi daewyo samsaxuri, edvardi
maleve gaemgzavra laTinur amerikaSi sadac firmis konsultatad daiwyo
muSaoba. 1973 wels kolumbiaSi hovardma gaicno Tavisi momavali meuRle
meri, romelTanac 1976 wels aSS-Si dabrunebis Semdeg iqorwina.
1979 wlis martSi hovardma samsaxuri dakarga da metad rTul
mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. axali samsaxuris Ziebis procesSi man sxvadasxva
firmebSi gaagzavna Tavisi anketa.Mmisi erT-erTi anketa centraluri
sadazvervo
saagentos
kadrebis
ganyofilebaSi
aRmoCnda,
romlis
TanamSromlebmac igi 1980 wels gasaubrebaze miiwvies. samedicino-

fsiqologiuri komisiis gavlis da sicruis deteqtorze Semowmebis Semdeg

hovardi dazvervis samsaxurisTvis vargisad iqna aRiarebuli da 1981 wlis
28 ianvars centraluri sadazvervo saagentos operatiul sammarTveloSi
iqna ayvanili. operatiul sammarTveloSi hovardi ganamweses sabWoTa
kavSirisa da aRmosavleT evropis ganyofilebaSi sadac
mas amzadebdnen,
rogorc momaval operatiul muSaks moskovis rezidenturaSi dazverviTi
saqmianobis sawarmoeblad. aRsaniSnavia, rom aSS-s dazvervisTvis sabWoTa
kavSirisa da aRmosavleT evropis ganyofileba mudam erT-erTi mkacrad
gasaidumloebuli ganyofileba iyo, amJamad, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis
Semdeg igi ruseTis federaciis sakiTxebze ganagrZobs muSaobas. aRniSnul
ganyofilebaSi hovardis funqciaSi Sedioda sadazvervo informaciis
Segroveba da sabWoTa kavSirisa da socialisturi banakis qveynebSi
saidumlo operaciebis Catareba.
1980-iani wlebis dasawyisSi sabWoTa kavSirisa da aRmosavleT evropis
ganyofilebis piradi Semadgenloba 300 mosamsaxurisgan Sedgeboda. am
ganyofilebis TanamSromlebi faqtiurad warmoadgendnen daxurul kastas
operatiuli sammarTvelos SigniT.
sabWoTa kavSirSi mivlinebiT gasamgzavreblad amzadebdnen aramarto
hovards, aramed mis meuRle merisac, romelic aRniSnul periodSi
centralur sadazvervo saagentoSi mdivnad muSaobda. moskovSi isini
Cadiodnen aSS-s saelCos TanamSromlebis statusiT, gamogonili saxelebiT
da gvarebiT. hovardis sabuTebi momzadda rojer Sanonis saxelze.
momzadebis ganmavlobaSi hovardma Seiswavla is specifikuri operatiuli
meTodebi,
romlebsac
iyebnebda
moskovis
rezidentura
dazverviTi
saqmianobisas. is safuZvlianad gaecno centraluri saadazvervo saagentos
mier gadmobirebuli sabWoTa agentebis fsevdonimebis sias, romelic mas
Semdgomi agenturuli kavSir-urTierTobebis warmmarTvaSi Seuwyobda xels.
1983 wlis gazafxulze mosamzadebeli kursis dasrulebis da ucxoeTSi
gamgzavrebis win saagentos tradiciisamebr hovards SesTavazes meored
gaevlo rutinuli procedura sicruis deteqtorze (poligrafi) Semowmeba.
testirebis
msvlelobisas
aRmoCnda,
rom
hovardi
malavda
Tavis
midrekilebas narkotikuli saSvalebebisadmi da TaRliTobisken gadaxras. am
faqtebis aRmoCenisTanave igi gaanTavisufles centraluri sadazvervo
saagentosgan. mogvianebiT warmomadgenlobiTi palatis dazvervisa da
kontrdazvervis mudmivi qvekomitetis daskvnaSi aRniSnulia, rom hovardi
Tavidanve
arasaxarbielo
kandidati
iyo
centraluri
sadazvervo
saagentosTvis. Qvekomitetis daskvnaSi agreTve ewera: gasakviria rom
miuxedavad misi aseTi naklovanebebisa igi mainc aiyvanes dazvervis
saagentoSi. samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg centraluri sadazvervo
saagento ori wlis manZilze malavda am faqts da instruqciis miuxedavad
ar atyobinebda gamoZiebis federalur biuros. maSinac ki rodesac saqmeSi
CaerTo gamoZiebis federaluri biuro, centraluri sadazvervo saagento
kvlav ganagZobda hovardis mfarvelobas. vfiqrobT aRniSnuli qmedebiT
centraluri sadazvervo saagento cdilobda avtoritetis SenarCunebas da
aRniSnuli faqtis gaxmaureba ar Sedioda organizaciis interesebSi. swored

amitomac
zedmeti
xmauris
gareSe
moxda
hovardis
gaTavisufleba
samsaxuridan da Semdeg cdilobdnen daeviwyebiaT aRniSnuli faqti, anu
uxeSad rom vTqvaT surdaT mieCqmalaT es ambavi.
samsaxuridan ganTavisuflebis Semdeg hovardi meuRlesTan erTad niumeqsikoSi gaemgzavra da qalaq santafeSi dasaxlda. aRniSnul periodSi
hovardi metad rTul finansur mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda. am rTul
periodSi mas SeeZina vaJi da materialuri sirTuleebi ufro metad daawva
kiserze. hovardi ganawyenebuli iyo dazvervidan ganTavisuflebis faqtiT.
misi azriT samsaxuridan umizezod ganTavisuflebam daangria mis mier
warmatebulad dawyebuli dazvervis oficris brwyinvale kariera. aRniSnuli
ganwyobiT hovardma SurisZiebis mizniT gadawyvita sabWoTa dazvervasTan
dakavSireba da TanamSromlobis SeTavazeba. am mizniT 1985 wels gaemgzavra
avstriaSi da mimarTa sabWoTa saelCos. hovardTan urTierTobas kurirebas
uwevda saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis pirveli mTavari sammarTvelos
xelmZRvaneli vladimer kruCkovi. hovards mieniWa operatiuli fsevdonimi
roberti. fuladi anazRaurebis sanacvlod man detalurad uambo sabWoTa
dazvervis oficrebs centraluri sadazvervo saagentos mier sabWoTa
kavSiris winaaRmdeg dagegmili specoperaciebis, operatiuli meTodebis da
teqnikuri dazvervis saSvalebebis Sesaxeb. hovardma daasaxela centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos mier ssrk-Si gadmobirebuli mniSvnelovani agentebis
vinaoba da maTi kavSiris saSvalebebi. aRniSnuli monacemebis gadacemis
Semdeg man Sveicariis bankis erT-erT angariSze 150 aTasi dolari dado.
hovardisgan miRebuli informaciis wyalobiT ssrk-s mier aRkveTil iqna
aSS-s dazvervis mier dagegmili ramdenime specoperacia. sabWoTa kavSiris
dazvervis yvelaze did warmatebad iTvleba adolf tolkaCovis dapatimreba.
tolkaCovi moskovis radio mSeneblobis wamyvani konstruqtori iyo.
tolkaCovma Tavad SesTavaza Tavisi momsaxureba centralur sadazvervo
saagentos. tolkaCovi moskovSi moRvawe aSS-s saelCos diplomatebs
manqanebSi gamudmebiT ugdebda werilebs. lengli Tvlida, rom aRniSnuli
qmedeba saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis xrikebi iyo da didixani ar
gadiodnen kontaqtze. 1978 wlis seqtembris TveSi gadawyda tolkaCovTan
kavSiris damyareba, ramac didi Sedegi gamoiRo. dapatimrebamde tolkaCovma
amerikelebs
gadasca
ssrk-s
samxedro
sahaero
Zalebis
stels-is
teqnologiebis
kvlevis
Sedegebi
da
monacemebi,
agreTve
mravali
strategiuli mniSvnelobis mqone teqnikuri progresis Semcveli informacia.
tolkaCovis mier miwodebuli saidumlo informaciis sanacvlod mas
lenglim gadasca 789 500 rubli, xolo aSS-s bankis angariSze hqonda 1 990
729 aSS dolari.
1985 wlis 9 ivniss tolkaCovi daapatimres, ramdenime dReSi centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos moskovis rezidenturis operatiuli muSaki pol
strombauxi daakaves, strombauxi moskovSi aSS-s saelCos meore mdivnis
legendiT imyofeboda. is im dros daakevs, rodesac tolkaCovTan midioda
Sesaxvedrad, tolkaCovis rols strombauxTan Sexvedrisas saxelmwifo
uSiSroebis komitetis TanamSromeli asrulebda. strombauxi persona non
gratad gamoacxades, xolo tolkaCovis qmedebebs sasamarTlom sasjelis
umaRlesi zoma Seufarda.

hovardis mier ssrk-s sasargeblod jaSuSobis Sesaxeb, gamoZiebis

federalur biuros informacia sabWoTa dazvervis TanamSromelma miawoda.
aRniSnuli istoria Semdegnairad ganviTarda. 1985 wlis 1 agvistos
italiaSi, romSi mivlinebiT
yofnis
dros
gauCinarda
saxelmwifo
uSiSroebis komitetis, pirveli mTavari sammarTvelos, aSS-s sakiTxebze
momuSave pirveli ganyofilebis ufrosis moadgile vitali iurCenko.
mogvianebiT iurCenko amtkicebda, rom is gaitaces centraluri sadazvervo
saagentos TanamSromlebma vatikanis teritoriidan. aSS-s mxare Tavis mxriv
amtkicebda, rom iurCenko Tavisi nebiT mivida romSi moqmed aSS-s saelCoSi
da politikuri TavSesafari moiTxova. iurCenko dauyonebliv gadaiyvanes
aSS-Si. iurCenkom aSS-s dazvervas dawvrilebiTi informacia gadasca ssrk-s
saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis mier aSS-s winaaRmdeg dagegmili
moqmedebebis Sesaxeb. iurCenkos daxmarebiT gaSifres ronald peltoni, aSS-s
nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentos yofili TanamSromeli, romelmac
sakuTari iniciativiT SesTavaza sabWoTa dazvervas TanamSromloba. meore
sabWoTa jaSuSi, romelic iurCenkos daxmarebiT gaiSifra hovardi iyo.
dakiTxvebis
msvlelobisas
iurCenkom
lengliSi
axsena
centraluri
sadazvervo
saagentos
yofili
TanamSromeli,
romelic
saxelmwifo
uSiSroebis komitetis pirvel mTavar sammarTveloSi gadioda fsevdonimiT
roberti. man aRniSna ori mniSvnelovani faqti, pirveli robertis
saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis warmomadgenlebTan avstriaSi Sexvedra
da meore is mniSvnelovani faqti, rom agenti roberti centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos moskovis rezidenturaSi gamgzavrebisTvis emzadeboda
da am mizniT fermaSi gadioda specialur momzadebas, Tumca fermidan
dabrunebis Semdeg dauyonebliv moxda misi dazvervis samsaxuridan
ganTavisufleba.
sabWoTa agentis sakiTxi dauyonebliv gadaeca gansaxilvelad gamoZiebis
federalur biuros, xangrZlivi analizis Sedegad gamoZiebis federalur
biuroSi mividnen daskvnemde, rom jaSuSi fsevdonimiT roberti edvard li
viqtor hovardi iqneboda. hovards mudmiv reJimSi uTvalTvalebdnen
gamoZiebis federaluri biuros oficrebi, xolo 1985 wlis 19 seqtembers
santa-feSi hovardi dakiTxa gamoZiebis federaluri biuros kontrdazvervis
ganyofilebis oficerma jeri braunma da centralur sadazvervo saagentoSi
hovardis yofilma ufrosma Tomas milzma. dakiTxvebze mas wauyenes bralad
sabWoTa kavSiris saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetTan TanamSromloba da
ganumartes, rom aRniSnuli informacia 1985 wlis ivlisis TveSi centralur
sadazvervo saagentos da gamoZiebis federalur biuros miawoda oleg
gordievskim, saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis londonis rezidenturis
rezidentma. hovardma uaryo mis winaaRmdeg wayenebuli yvela braldeba da
aRniSnul etapze Tavi aarida sasjels, radgan gamoZiebis federalur
biuroSi ar gaaCndaT sakmarisi mtkicebuleba hovardis dasapatimreblad.
rogorc ki hovardma igrZno, rom mis garSemo saxifaTo wre viwrovdeboda
ssrk-Si gaqceva gadawyvita. 1985 wlis 21 seqtembers hovardi meuRlesTan
erTad saxlidan manqaniT gavida, avtomobils meri marTavda, hovardi
avtomobilis ukana savarZelze ijda, gverdiT manekeni moisva, romelsac
Tavisnairi kepi daaxura da erT-erT mosaxvevSi Tavis adgilze manekeni

dasva, xolo Tavad manqanidan gadaxta da miimala. gamoZiebis federaluri

biuros oficrebma, romlebic uTvalTvalebdnen hovards da mis ojaxs ver
SeamCnies hovardis aRniSnuli qmedeba da saRamos xelmZRvanelobas
moaxsenes, rom hovardi saRamos meuRlesTan erTad dabrunda saxlSi.
hovardis saxlze mudmivi TvalTvali xorcieldeboda, am dros ki hovardi
helsinkSi
gafrinda
saidanac
is
moskovSi
gadaafrines.
moskovSi
konspiraciul binaze daiwyo hovardis detaluri gamokiTxva. gamokiTxvas
atarebdnen gamocdili mzveravebi, saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis
pirveli mTavari sammarTvelos ufrosi vladimir kruCkovi da 1978-1982
wlebSi kanadaSi momqmedi yofili rezidenti vladimir meCulaevi.
hovardis gaqcevam didi dartyma miayena centralur sadazvervo saagentos
da gamoZiebis federalur biuros. hovardis meuRle dauyonebliv daibares
dakiTxvebze, intensiuri dakiTxvebis Sedegad man gamomZieblebs acnoba
Sveicariis bankSi arsebuli angariSis Sesaxeb, sadac inaxeboda 150 aTasi
aSS dolari, uambo samalavis Sesaxeb, romelic gakeTebuli iyo niu-meqsikos
Statis udabnoSi, sadac aRmoaCines 10 aTasi dolari. aSS-s kongresis
warmomadgenlobiTi palatis dazvervis sakiTxebis specialurma komitetma
zemoT ukve aRniSnul moxsenebaSi mkacrad gaakritika centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos qmedebebi. hovardis saqmis warmoeba da Ralatis
aRniSnuli faqti Seafasa, rogorc aSS-s dazvervis istoriaSi erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani danakargi da marcxi. moxsenebaSi moyvanilia centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos kontrdazvervis ganyofilebis ufrosis gardner
haTueis sityva, romelic aRiarebda, rom hovardis qmedebebma marTlac mZime
Sedegebi moutana amerikis dazvervas. Hovardma saxelmwifo uSiSroebis
komitets moaxsena aSS-s dazvervis mier dagegmili iseTi mniSvnelovani
specoperaciebis Sesaxeb, romlebic aqamde ar yofila ganxorcielebuli
ssrk-s teritoriaze. hovardi ssrk-Si did pativSi hyavdaT. is cxovrobda
moskovis gareubanSi, qalaqidan 40 km-ze daSorebul daxurul dasaxlebaSi.
Mis gankargulebaSi iyo 5 oTaxiani saxli, mzareuli, mosamsaxure da 24
saaTiani dacva. 1986 wlis 7 agvistos @izvestia-Si daibeWda Semdegi
Sinaarsis informacia: ssrk-s umaRlesi sabWos prezidiums politikuri
TavSesafris moTxovniT mimarTa aSS-s moqalaqe, centraluri sadazvervo
saagentos yofilma TanamSromelma hovard edvard lim, romelic aRniSnavda,
rom aSS-s specsamsaxurebi mas aviwroebdnen da devnidnen. humanuri da
politikuri motiviT ssrk-s umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumma gadawyvita
mieniWebina hovardisTvis ssrk-s teritoriaze cxovrebis ufleba.
hovardis pirovnebis Sesaxeb saintereso SeniSvnebi datova Tavis wignSi
kruCkovma, romelic kargad icnobda mas. is wers, rom hovardi iyo
erudirebuli pirovneba, romelic kargad erkveoda finansur operaciebSi.
hovards miamagres ramdenime sabWoTa specialisti, romlebsac acnobda
safondo birJaze moqmedebis da finansuri operaciebis marTvis mis mier
SemuSavebul meTodebs. hovards gadaadgilebis sruli Tavisufleba qonda.
1987 wels is Cavida ungreTSi sadac interviu misca cnobil amerikel
mwerals devid uaizs, romelmac Semdeg wels misi cxovrebis da moRvaweobis
Sesaxeb vrceli wigni gamosca. 1989 wels hovardi Sexvda vaSington post-is

amerikel korespondentebs da misca vrceli interviu sadac dawvrilebiT

uambo Tavisi cxovrebis axal stilze.
1991 wlis agvistos movlenebi uaryofiTad aisaxa hovardis bedze. is
kerZo saxlidan moskovis binaSi gadaassaxles da dacvac mouxsnes. hovardi
gaanerviula
1991
wels
gamoZiebis
federaluri
biuros
dazvervis
ganyofilebis
direqtoris
Tomaz
diuxedueis
vaSingTon
Taims-Si
dabeWdilma intervium, sadac is aRniSnavda, rom aSS-m ekonomikuri
daxmarebis sanacvlod ssrk-s unda mosTxovos hovardis eqstradacia aSS-Si.
amerikisTvis gadacemis an aSS-s specsamsaxurebis mier gatacebis SiSiT
hovardi 1991 wlis oqtomberSi ungreTSi gaemgzavra. aSS-s moTxovniT
ungreTis xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda gaeZevebina hovardi qveynida. imave
wlis dekemberSi hovardi iZulebuli gaxda sxvisi saxeliT da gvariT
aralegalurad gadasuliyo SveciaSi, magram arc neitralur SveciaSi
hovards ar mieca mSvidad cxovrebis saSualeba. gamoZiebis federaluri
biuros TanamSromlebma gamoiWires hovardis da misi meuRLis satelefono
saubari, daadgines misi adgilmdebareoba da Sevidnen masTan pirdapir
kontaqtSi. gamoZiebis federalurma biurom hovards SesTavaza sasamarTlo
procesic da braldebebis moxsna saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetTan
TanamSromlobis detalur informaciis miwodebis sanacvlod, hovardi ar
daeTanxma am winadadebas. sapasuxod gamoZiebis federalurma biurom
SvedeTis uSiSroebis policias (sepo) Seatyobina hovardis adgilmdebareoba
da 1992 wlis agvistos dasawyisSi sepo-s TanamSromlebma SpionaJis
braldebiT daakaves hovardi, Tumca ukve agvistos bolos mouxsnes yvela
braldeba da is dauyonebliv ruseTSi gafrinda. miuxedavad imisa, rom aSS-s
mxare kategoriulad moiTxovda hovardis gadacemas, SvedeTma ignorirebiT
upasuxa. SvedeTidan ruseTSi gamgzavrebis Semdeg hovardis kvali sabolood
ikargeba.
edvard hovardze mniSvnelovani sabWoTa agenti oldriC eimsi iyo. is 9
wlis manZilze jer sabWoTa xolo Semdeg ruseTis dazvervas awvdida aSS-s
zesaidumlo dokumentebs da informacias. dRemde ucnobia saxelmwifo
uSiSroebis komitetis gavlenis agentis eimsis Cavardnis mizezi, Tumca misi
saqmianoba metad saintereso da eqstremaluri iyo. suk-ma eimsi 1985 wels
gadaibira.
oldriC heizen eimsi daibada 1941 wlis 26 maiss qalq river-folsSi,
viskonsinis StatSi. 1959 wels skolis damTavrebis Semdeg oldriCma Cikagos
universitetSi Caabara, magram maleve vaSingtonSi gadavida da jorj
vaSington-is universitetSi ganagrZo swavla. 1962 wels oldriCi muSaobas
iwyebs centraluri sadazvervo saagentos operatiuli sammarTvelos arqivis
ganyofilebis analitikosad. mis funqciebSi Sedioda aRmosavleT evropaSi
aSS-s dazvervis mier Catarebuli specoperaciebis da sadazvervo monacemebis
damuSaveba, kodireba da daarqiveba. sawyis etapze eimsi dazvervaSi muSaobis
sakiTxs ganixilavda, rogorc umaRlesSi swavlis safasuris gadaxdis
ZiriTad wyarod, radgan jorj vaSingtonis universitetSi maSinac maRali
swavlis gadasaxadi iyo. eimsma arqivis ganyofilebaSi 5 weli dahyo da
Semdeg gadawyvita operatiuli muSaki gamxdariyo. 1967 wlis seqtemberSi

eimsma universiteti saSualo SefasebiT daamTavra da istoriis bakalavris

akademiuri xarisxi mieniWa. Amave wels eimsi operatiul StatSi Casves da
specialuri momzadebis gasavlelad dauyonebliv ferma-Si gaagzavnes. 1968
wlis noemberSi specialuri momzadebis gavlis Semdeg eimsi centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos operatiuli sammarTvelos ssrk-s da aRmosavleT
evropis centraluri aparatis ganyofilebaSi miiRes samuSaod, man
Seiswavla Turquli ena, amave periodSi is daqorwinda Tavis didi xnis
megobar qalze, nensi segebartze, xolo erT weliwadSi eimsi mivlinebiT
TurqeTSi
gaagzavnes,
ankaraSi,
centraluri
sadazvervo
saagentos
rezedenturaSi, sadac ssrk-s da sxva socialisturi qveynebis moqalaqeebis
verbovkas awarmoebda. TurqeTSi eimsi moqmedebda specialuri legendiT, aSSs samxedro sahaero Zalebis samoqalaqod mosamsaxured. eimsma ankaraSi ver
gamoiCina Tavi, rogorc aqtiurma operatiulma muSakma. 1972 wels eimsis
TurqeTSi mivlinebis dasrulebis Semdeg, rezidentis moadgilem diui
klerijma eims uaryofiTi daxasiaTeba misca, rogorc operatiuli
saqmisTvis Seuferebeli kadri, romelsac SeuZlia muSaoba mxolod
lengliSi ofisis pirobebSi. Kleriji aRniSnavda, rom eimsis ZiriTadi
problema iyo adamianbTan kontaqtSi Sesvla da maTi gadmobireba, radgan
eimsi Tavad Caketili pirovneba iyo. aseTma kritikulma daxasiaTebam
uaryofiTad imoqmeda eimsze, man ganicada aRniSnuli faqti da erTi periodi
dazvervidan wasvlazec ki fiqrobda, radgan operatiuli muSakisTvis aseTi
daxasiaTeba karieruli kraxis momaswavlebeli iyo. 1972 wels eimsi
dabrunda aSS-Si da lengliSi sabWoTa kavSirisa da aRmosavleT evropis
ganyofilebaSi daiwyo muSaoba. eimsis ZiriTad funqciebSi Sedioda
specoperaiebis dagegmvis da analizis warmoeba. am tipis saqmianoba
eimsisTvis ufro axlo iyo da xelmZRvanelobac misi saqmianobis Sedegebs
dadebiTad afasebda.
1974 wels laTinoamerikuli ganyofilebis ufrosma eimss SesTavaza
kolumbiaSi, bogotaSi moqmedi sabWoTa saelCos gadmobirebul mesame
mdivanTan aleqsandre ogorodnikTan muSaoba. Eimsi ogorodnikis kuratori
iyo amave wlis seqtembramde, Semdeg is moskovSi gaiwvies. Ogorodniktan
eimsis muSaoba smits imdenad moewona, rom man eimsi niu-iorkSi waiyvana sxva
sabWoTa agentTan sergei fiodorenkosTan samuSaod, romelic gaeros
samdivnos TanamSromeli iyo. fiodorenkos da eimsis urTierToba dadebiTad
viTardeboda da bolos isini damegobrdnen kidec. Amis damadasturebelia is
faqtic, rom sabWoTa dazvervis sasargeblod muSaobis dros eimsma
fiodorenko ar moixsenia, rogorc centraluri sadazvervo saagentos mier
gadmobirebuli sabWoTa agenti. 1976 wlidan eimsi aqtiurad muSaobda
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos niu-iorkis ganyofilebaSi, sadac dadlei
xaasTan erTad arkadi SevCenkos operatori iyo. arkadi SevCenko gaeros
generaluri mdivnis moadgile gaxldaT politikur sakitxebSi da
amavdroulad hqonda sagangebo da srul uflebiani elCis statusi. 1978
wlis 6 aprils SevCenkom aSS-Si darCenis gadawyvetileba miiRo, eimsma misi
niu-iorkis konspiraciul binaze gadayvana iTava.
saagentos bevri TanamSromeli aRniSnavda, rom eimsisTvis niu-iorkis
ganyofilebaSi muSaobis periodi yvelze warmatebuli iyo. eimsis mimarT

dadebiTad iyo ganwyobili niu-iorkis ganyofilebis ufrosi rodni

karlsoni, eimsi ramdenjerme aiwia karierul safexurze da dawinaurda.
eimsi
megobrobda
niu-iorkis
pravdis
korespondentTa
korpusis
xelmZRvanelTan Tomas kolesniCenkosTan. eimsi regularulad sadilobda
TomasTan, is metad saintereso pirovneba aRmoCnda. eimsi mogvianebiT
igonebda, rom bevri ram Seityo Tomasisgan imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra iyo
sinamdvileSi sabWoTa kavSiri. CvenTvis metad rTuli warmosadgenia, Tu ras
SeeZlo
moexiblad
eimsi,
sabWoTa
kavSiri
xom
erT
partiuli,
totalitaruli reJimis cenzurisa da suk-is mier kontrolirebadi da
marTuli sistema iyo.
eimsi niu-iorkSi 1981 wlamde muSaobda. am dros niu-irkis ganyofilebis
ufrosma
Seaxsena
eimss,
rom
centraluri
sadazvervo
saagentos
TanamSromeli ver ijdeboda mudmivad manhetenze ofisSi. eimss ramdenime
varianti
SesTavazes.
man
uari
ganacxada
lagosis
da
moskovis
rezedenturaSi gamgzarebaze da daTanxmda meqsikaSi mivlinebas. Amave wlis
oqtombridan eimsi Seudga mexikos rezedenturaSi muSaobas ufrosi oficris
rangSi. man verc mexikoSi gamoiCina Tavi, rogorc aqtiurma operatiulma
muSakma, ver SeiZina axali agentebi. aRniSnul periodSi eimss kontaqti
hqonda igor SuriginTan, suk-is mexikos rezidentis moadgilesTan sagareo
kontrdazvervis xaziT. eimsi Suriginis gadmobirebas cdilobda, 2 wlis
manZilze isini erTad sauzmobdnen, sadilobdnen da erTad stumrobdnen
barebs, magram uSedegod, eimsis mier centrSi gagzavnili moxsenebebidan
Canda, rom Surigini piriqiT cdilobda eimsis gadabirebas. SuriginTan
warumatebeli kontaqtis Semdeg eimsi Tavs aridebda saelCodan gasvlas,
Seamcira operatiuli qontaqtebi da metad damokidebuli gaxda alqoholze.
1982 wels man romani gaaba mexikoSi moqmedi kolumbiis saelCos kulturis
ataSesTan, maria del Rosario kasas diupuisTan, mis momaval meore
meuRlesTan. Maria rosario gamoCenili kolumbieli warmomadgeneli
gaxldaT
romelsac
megobruli
urTierTobebi
hqonda
kolumbiis
prezidenTan xulio sezar turbe alaisTan. bogotaSi amerikuli skolis
damTavrebis
Semdeg
is
raRac
periodi
swavlobda
prinstonis
universitetSic,xolo Semdeg kolumbiaSi andebis universitetSi. Maria
niWieri pirovneba gaxldaT, romelic ramdenime ucxo enas flobda da
disertacias icavda hegelis dialeqtikaze. 1983 wels rodesac eimsis
mivlinebis dro amoiwura maria gayva mas vaSingtonSi.
meqsikaSi
warumatebeli
muSaobis
miuxedavad
eimsi
lengliSi
dawinaurebuli dabrunda, 1983 wels is dainiSna ssrk-s da aRmosavleTi
evropis sammarTvelos kotrdazvervis ganyofilebis ufrosad. aRniSnul
Tanamdebobaze dasaniSnad rekomendacia niu-iorkis ganyofilebis ufrosma
rodni karlsonma misca. Eimss hqonda Rrma analizis unari, SeeZlo
erTmaneTisTvis daekavSirebina uamravi faqti, hqonda intuiciis grZnoba da
iyo gamomgoneblur-SemoqmedebiTi niWis mqone TanamSromeli, romelic
rTuli operatiuli davalebebis SemuSavebisas Tavs arTmevda nebismier
situacias. mogvianebiT centraluri sadazvervo saagentos inspeqtori
frederik xitci eimsis saqmesTan dakavSirebul moxsenebaSi aRniSnavda, rom
eimss hqonda gonebrivi lavirebis unari, inteleqtualuri cnobismoyvareoba,

mudam eweoda TviTganaTlebas, amuSavebda iseT sakiTxebsac ki, romebic misi

samsaxureoblivi
da
specialobis
CarCoebidanac
gadioda.
metad
mniSvnelovani iyo eimsis SesaZlebloba operatiul dokumentebsa da
analitikur cnobebSi azrebis da informaciis logikurad Camoyalibebis
unari. aranaklebi iyo misi uaryofiTi Tvisebebic, mudam agvianebda an
saerTod
ar
agzavnida
centrSi finansuri
da
operatiuli
tipis
Setyobinebebs,
ar
acnobebda
xelmZRvanelobas
Tavisi
sazRvargareT
mogzaurobis da operatiuli kontaqtebis Sesaxeb. centralur sadazvervo
saagentoSi muSaobis periodSi eimsma ramdenjerme daarRvia usafrTxoebis
reJimi. 1976 wels mas metros vagonSi darCa CanTa saidumlo dokumentebiT.
1983 wels maria rosario miiyvana konspiraciul binaze, rasac sxva
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos TanamSromlebis gamovlena mohyva. imave
wlidan eimsis alkoholisadmi qronikuli paTologia xels uSlida
elementaluri davalebebis SesrulebaSic ki. miuxedavad am minusebisa eimsi
dainiSna cenraluri sadazvervo saagentos kontrdazvervis ganyofilebis
ufrosad da hqonda wvdoma iseT mniSvnelovan informaciaze, romelic
exeboda aSS-s dazvervis mier ssrk-s winaaRmdeg msoflioSi warmoebuli
specoperaciebis Sesaxeb. is monawileobda 1985 wlis agvistos TveSi aSS-Si
suk-is pirveli mTavari sammarTvelos polkovnikis vitali iurCenkos
dakiTxvebSi. Am etapze eimsi aqtiur sadazvervo saqmianobas eweoda. eimsi
gadavida maria rosariosTan erTad sacxovreblad, apirebda masze
daqorwinebas da daiwyo pirvel colTan gayris procesi sasamarTloSi.
sasamarTlo procesebs da dokumentebis momzadebas didi Tanxebi daWirda,
ris gamoc eimsi valebSi Caeflo. misi vali 50 aTas dolars Seadgenda. aSS-s
oficialuri mxaris azriT swored am sirTulebis Semdeg SesTavaza eimsma
saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitets mis xelT arsebuli SesaZleblobebi.
vaSingtonSi moqmedi ssrk-s saelCos mrCeveli informaciul sakiTxebSi
sergei divilkovskis azriT, romelic piradad icnobda eimss, aRniSnavda,
rom centraluri sadazvervo saagentos rigebSi 1984 wlidan eimsis saxiT
msaxurobda Seurigebeli disidenti, inteligenti, romelic cxovrebiseuli
sirTuleebis da sistemis Signidan aRqmis Sedegad veRar Seegua aSS-s
zraxvebs da imperialistur politikas. 1985 wlis gazafxulze eimsi CaerTo
specoperacia korSip-Si. es iyo centraluri sadazvervos saagentos da
gamoZiebis federeluri biuros erToblivi operacia, romelic miznad
isaxavda sabWoTa kavSiris specsamsaxurebSi SeRwevas da maqsimaluri
raodenobiT
agentebis
gadmobirebas.
aRniSnul
operaciaSi
eimsi
monawileobda operatiuli fsevdonimiT uelsis mdinare. eimsi vaSingtonSi
aqtiur kontaqtebs amyarebda sabWoTa saelCos TanamSromelTan, maTi
Semdgomi gadmobirebis mizniT. Mis kontaqtebs Soris iyvnen ukve zemoT
aRniSnuli sabWoTa saelCos mrCeveli informaciul sakiTxebSi sergei
divilkovksi da vaSingtoniSi moqmedi
sabWoTa saelCos mrCeveli
ganiaraRebis sakiTxebSi segei Cuvaxini. aRniSnuli viTareba eimss xels
uwyobda misi ganzraxvis ganxorcielebaSi. 1985 wlis 16 aprils eimsi unda
Sexvedroda Cuvaxins sastumro mei flauerSi, romelic sabWoTa saelCodan
erTi kvartaliT iyo moSorebuli. Sexvedramde eimsma dabeWda Semdegi
Sinaarsis werili: me oldriC heizen eimsi vmuSaob centralur sadazvervo
saagentos sabWoTa kavSirisa da aRmosavleT evropis ganyofilebaSi

kontrdazvervis qvedanayofis ufrosad. vmsaxurobdi niu-iorkSi endi

robinsonis fsevdonimiT. mWirdeba 50 aTasi dolari, samagierod gTavazobT
informacias 3 agentze, romlebsac amJamad gadmobirebis mizniT vamuSavebT
sabWoTa
kavSirSi.
werilTan
erTad
konvertSi
Cado
centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos satelefono cnobari, sadac moniSna Tavisi saxeli,
gvari da Tanamdeboba, konverts daawera:general androsovs, suk-is
rezidents. Cado aRniSnuli konverti meore sufTa konvertSi warweris
gareSe da daTqmuli droisTvis gaemarTa Sexvedraze. Cuvaxinma 45 wuTi
daagviana, eimsma daarRvia yvela usafrTxoebis wesebi da sabWoTa saelCoSi
mivida, konverti gadasca dacvis TanamSromels da dauyonebliv datova
Senoba. meore dRes eimsma moaxsena Tavis ufross devid merfis ssrk-s
saelCoSi arasanqcirebuli vizitis Sesaxeb da es qmedeba axsna Cuvaxinis
lanCze ar gamocxadebis mizezis gagebis interesiT.
eimsis winadadeba suk-ma didi enTuziazmiT miiRo. aRniSnul periodSi
sabWoTa dazvervis rigebSi bevri aSS-s jaSuSi moqmedebda da ssrk mraval
marcxs ganicdida saidumlo omis warmoebisas. centraluri sadazvervo
saagentos ssrk-s da aRmosavleT evropis sammarTvelos kontrdazvervis
ganyofilebis ufrosis gadmobireba warmatebis zeniti iyo. eimsis Sesaxeb
sabWoTa dazvervis viwro wrem icoda. vaSingtonSi momqmed sabWoTa
rezedenturaSi eimsis Sesaxeb icodnen rezedidentma stanislav androsovma
da misma moadgilem sagareo kontrdazvervis xaziT viqtor CerkaSinma. eimsis
Sesaxeb informaciis gaJonvis Tavidan acilebis mizniT CerkaSinma
informacia centrSi SifrogramiT ki ar gaagzavna, aramed Tavad gafrinda
moskovSi da piradad suk-is Tavjdomares kriuCkovs moaxsena. suk-Si eimsis
Sesaxeb informacias flobda 8 oficeri, sagareo saqmeTa saministroSi 2
diplomati, xolo rac Seexeba sagareo dazvervis samsaxurs Tavad evgenim
primakovma mxolod is icoda, rom centralur sadazvervo saagentoSi
arsebobda faseuli agenti, romelic ssrk-s interesebSi moqmedebda.
moskovidan dabrunebulma CerkaSenma Cuvaxins sTxova eimsi sabWoTa
saelCoSi miewvia da vizitiT gaemyarebinaT masTan kavSirebi. eimsma sabWoTa
saelCoSi vizitis Sesaxeb winaswar gaafrTxila xelmZRvaneloba da
gamoZiebis federaluri biuro. Sexvedraze Cuvaxinma gaacno eimsi CerkaSins,
romelTanac moilaparakes Semdegi kontaqtis pirobebi, eimss dauyonebliv
gadasces
50
aTasi
dolari.
eimsis
Semdgomi
kontaqtebi
sabWoTa
warmomadgenlebTan sruli konspiraciis dacviT mimdinareobda, is xvdeboda
mxolod Cuvaxins, radgan is ar iyo suk-is TanamSromeli da masTan
urTierToba araviTar eWvs ar iwvevda. TanamSromlobis periodSi eimss
Seatyobines, rom mis mier gaweuli milioni aSS dolariT iyo Sefasebuli,
is eloda, rom jaSuSobisTvis gadauxdidnen, magram ar egona Tu aseT did
Tanxebs miaRwevda misi honorari. sabWoTa dazvervis mier gadaxdilma
Tanxebma Sedegi gamoiRo, radgan eimsis mier miwodebuli informaciis
wyalobiT sabWoTa dazvervis rigebSi daapatimres 1960-iani wlebidan
momqmedi centraluri sadazvervo saagentos agentebi. 1985 wels eimsma
iqorwina
maria
rosarioze,
is
TavianTi
finansuri
mdgomareobis
gamosworebis mizezad asaxelebda Cikagodan Camosuli biznesmeni megobris
rCeviT gakeTebul sarfian investicias. eimsi specoperacia korSip-is

farglebSi romSi mivlinebamde xSirad xvdeboda Cuvaxins. 10 Tvis manZilze

is ar awvdida angariSebs xelmZRvanelobas aRniSnuli Sexvedrebis Sesaxeb.
gamoZiebis federalurma biurom oficialurad moiTxova centraluri
sadazvervo saagentosgan eimsis saqmianobis Sesaxeb werilobiTi angariSis
miwodeba, razec centralurma sadazvervo saagentom ignorireba moaxdina.
1985 wlidan 1986 wlamde eimsi romis rezidenturaSi daniSvnamde aqtiurad
swavlobda italiur enas. is romSi 1986 wlis Sua periodSi gaemgzavra.
romSi iseve, rogorc manamde sxva mivlinebebSi man ver gamoiCina Tavi
rogorc aqtiurma operatiulma TanamSromelma, umata alkoholis smas da
xSirad kabinetSic ki iZinebda samuSao magidaze. eimsi italiaSic
ganagrZobda suk-is warmomadgenlebTan kontaqtebs. masTan Sexvedrebze
midioda ssrk-s romSi moqmedi saelCos TanamSromeli aleqsi xrenkovi. 1989
wels eimsi romidan vaSingtonSi dabrunda da ssrk-s da aRmosavleT evropis
ganyofilebaSi kontrdazvervis ufrosis Tanamdeboba daikava, sadac 1990
wlis oqtombris Tvemde muSaobda, Semdeg is gadahyavT centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos kontrdazvervis centrSi, sadac mis funqciaSi
Sedioda analitikuri saqmianoba da suk-Si SeRwevis strategiuli gegmebis
SemuSaveba. 1991 wels eimsi droebiT samuSaod isev brundeba ssrk-s da
aRmosavleT evropis ganyofilebaSi e.w. suk-is sakiTxebze momuSave jgufis
ufrosad. jgufis ZiriTadi misia iyo sabWoTa kavSiris suk-is saboloo
ganadgureba. centralur sadazvervo saagentoSi Tvlidnen, rom ssrk-s 1991
wlis agvistos movlenebis Semdeg suk-i advilad SeRwevadi struqtura
gaxda. operatiul TanamSromlebs miznad dausaxes yvela resursis
gamoyenebiT mieRwiaT ruseTis parlamentis mier suk-is pirveli mTavari
sammarTvelos biujetis Sekveca, am qmedebiT sagareo dazvervis mwarmoebeli
sammarTvelos paralizeba iyo ganzraxuli. aRniSnuli Canafiqri ar aRmoCnda
warmatebuli, 1991 wels jgufi daSales, xolo eimsi centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos narkotikebis winaaRmdeg brZolis centrSi dainiSna.
imave wlis dekembris Tvidan eimsma daiwyo centrSi muSaoba. is
pasuxismgebeli
iyo
SavizRvispireTis
qveynebze
da
balkaneTis
naxevarkunZulze, mis funqciebSi Sedioda narkobiznesTan mebrZoli aSS-s da
ucxoeTis specsamsaxurebis TanamSromelobis koordinacia da maT Soris
informaciis gacvlis organizeba. im periodSi eimsi ganagrZobda suk-Tan
TanamSromlobas, is centraluri sadazvervo saagentos lokaluri qselidan
mopovebul saidumlo inforcias gadascemda Tavis axal operators iuri
karetkins. karetkinTan Sexvedrebi aSS-s sazRvrebs gareT xdeboda. ase
grZeldeboda 1994 wlis 21 Tebervlamde, mis dapatimrebamde. centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos da gamoZiebis federaluri biuros TanamSromlebi
aRniSnaven, rom sabWoTa agentis oldriC eimsis dapatimrebamde 1985-1987
wlebSi centraluri sadazvervo saagentos ssrk-Si momqmedi agentebis
Cavardnebs 1985 wels sabWoTa kavSirSi gaqceul hovards ukavSirebdnen,
magram Semdeg naTeli gaxda, rom axali marcxis mizezi hovardis
SesaZleblobebs
scildeboda.
imave
wlis
dekemberSi
centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos direqtorma uiliam keisim gasca brZaneba mieRoT
yvela zomebi da gaerkvia Cavardnebis mizezi. centralur sadazvervo
saagentoSi Seiqmna 4 kaciani jgufi, romelic aRniSnul sakitxTan
dakavSirebiT arsebuli masalebis analizs Seudga. 1988 wels jaSuSis Ziebis

procesi SeCerda radgan am periodSi iqmneboda kontrdazvervis specialuri

centri. centraluri sadazvervo saagentos kontrdazvervis TanamSromlebi
Camoaciles aRniSnuli sakiTxebis analizs da CarTes sxva misiebis
warmoebaSi. rogorc adre iyo aRniSnuli yvela Cavardnas hovardis Ralats
miawerdnen, magram 1991 wels aSS-s dazvervis mier warmoebuli ramdenime
mniSvnelovani specoperaciis Cavardnis Semdeg jaSuSis Zieba gaormagebuli
ZalebiT ganaxlda. aRniSnuli problemis aRmofxvris mizniT Seiqmna
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos da gamoZiebis federaluri biuros
erToblivi specialuri jgufi, romelic aanalizebda yvela Cavardnili
specoperaciis monacemebs. centralur sadazvervo saagentosa da gamoZiebis
federaluri biuros Soris yovelTvis tardebobda konkurencia, magram am
etapze
aRniSnuli
konkurencia
skandalSi
gadaizarda.
gamoZiebis
federaluri biuros vaSingtonis ganyofilebis ufrosma robert braiantma
sasamarTlo procesiT daemuqra centralur sadazvervo saagentos da
daadanaSaula isini gamoiZiebis federaluri biurosTvis gankuTvnili
informaciis miwodebis SezRudvaSi, misi azriT am qmedebiT centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos saqmianoba ufro efeqturi aRmoCndeboda da ufro
efeqturi
samsaxuris
imijs
moipovebda.
aRniSnuli
uTanxmoeba
specsamsaxurebis maRalCinosnebma maleve aRmofxvres.
1992 wels eWvmitanilTa wre Seviwrovda da ZiriTadi yuradReba eimsze
gadavida. gairkva, rom eimsi mzveravisTvis arastandartuli saqcielis gamo
jer kidev 1986 wels iyo kontrdazvervis jaSuSobaSi eWvmitanil pirTa
siaSi, magram aRniSnuli eWvi maleve gaaqro aRmosavleT berlinSi myofma
agentma, romelmac centralur sadazvervo saagentos gadasca informacia,
rom sabWoTa specsamsaxurebisTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxda
centraluri
komunikaciebis sistema, romelic ganTavsebuli iyo qalaq varentonSi
samxedro bazaze lenglisTan axlos, aRniSnuli komunikaciis centri
strategiuli informaciis matarebeli wyaro iyo da misi saSualebiT aSS-s
yvela ganzraxvis winaswar gageba iyo SesaZlebeli. analizis Sedegad
dadginda, rom 1986 da 1990 wlebSi eimsma warmatebiT gaiara sicruis
deteqtorze Semowmeba, Tumca eqspertebis azriT am warmatebis mizezi
gaxldaT is rom mas Cautarda standartuli Semowmeba,aRniSnul etapze
poligraf-ze momuSave specialistebma ar icodnen eimsis jaSuSobaSi
eWvmitanilis statusis Sesaxeb. Gadawyda eimsis finansuri mdgomareobis
farulad Semowmeba. 1992 wlis agvistoSi SedarebiTi analizis gziT
dadginda, rom arsebobda kavSiri eimsis sabanko operaciebsa da sabWoTa
warmomadgenlebTan Sexvedris TariRebs Soris. aRniSnuli kavSirebi
specoperacia korSip-is farglebSi centraluri sadazvevo saagentosa da
gamoZiebis federaluri biuros mier 1985 wlidan iyo sanqcirebuli.
kontrmzveravebma gaarkvies, rom romidan dabrunebis Semdeg eimsma iyida
saxli arlingtonSi 540 aTas aSS dolarad, kolumbiaSi, bogotasa da
kartaxenSi maria rosarios saxelze SeZenil iqna 2 bina da ferma, amas
garda eimsa iyida avtomobili iaguari da sxva fufunebis sagnebi 455 aTas
aSS dolarad, 165 aTas dolarad safondo birJaze Seisyidi aqciebi da maria
rosariosTvis filipinebida Camoiyvana mosamsaxure. cvlilebebs amCnevdnen
eimsis
TanamSromlebic,
rom
mas
hqonda
ganaxlebuli
garderobi,

yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi iyenebda Zvirian fufunebis sagnebs da arafers

iklebda.
zemoT ukve xsenebul frederik xitcis moxsenebaSi weria: centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos da gamoZiebis federaluri biuros erToblivi
analizis safuZvelzegakeTda daskvna, rom adgili aqvs centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos rigebSi axali gavlenis agentis SeRwevas.
1993 wels gamoZiebis federalurma biurom eimsis sakiTxis gamoZieba
daiwyo, amave wlis 23 maiss gamoZiebis federaluri biuros vaSingtonis
kontrdazvervis ganyofilebis ufrosma lesli uaizerma gankarguleba gasca
eimsisTvis eTvalTvalaT. aRniSnuli davalebis Sesasruleblad gamoiyo
kotrdazvervis 8 TanamSromeli da didi raodenobiT teqnikuri da
mxardamWeri operatiuli jgufebi. eimsis saxlis telefonze gamoZiebis
federaluri biuros teqnikosebma faruli SeRwevis Sedegad Caayenes
informaciis gadamcemi mowyobiloba, xolo eimsis saxlis mopirdapire
mxares daayenes faruli kamera, romelic afiqsirebda mTeli ojaxis
gadaadgilebas da stumrebis vizitebs. garda amisa eimsis personalur
kompiuterze xorcieldeboda mudmivi kontroli, magram Tu ra saSualebebiT
xorcieldeboda
personaluri
kompiuteris
kontroli,
ekranidan
distanciurad informaciis moxsniT Tu personalur kompiuterSi gadamcemi
mowyobilobis CamontaJebis gziT am informacias gamoZiebis federaluri
biuro ar amxels. gareTvalTvalis da satelefono mosmenis Sedegad
dadginda, rom 1993 wlis zafxulSi SesaZlebeli iyo eimsi Sexvedroda Tavis
operatos da gadaeca saidumlo informaciiT savse konteineri. informaciis
gadacemis
dRes
eimsma
moaxerxa
gamoZiebis
federaluri
biuros
kontrdazvervis TanamSromlebis TvalTvalisgan Tvis arideba da mimalva.
Amave wlis 15 seqtembers kontrdazvervam eimsis nagvis tomris saidumlod
amoReba moaxdina, sadac napovni iqna safosto baraTze dawerili werilis
nagleji, sadac ewera:
mzad var Sesaxverad b-Si 1 oqtombers. ar SemiZlia CrdiloeTis wakiTxva
13-19 seqtembers. Tu isev SemxvdebiT b-Si 1 oqtombers niSani mieciT
CrdiloeTs. niSani ar yofila milSi. Tu ar SegiZliaT 1 oqtombers CemTan
Sexvera aniSneT CrdiloeTs 27 seqtembris Semdeg milSi niSnis micemis
saSualebiT.
rogorc SemdegSi gairkva CrdiloeTi da mili iyo samalavebis
adgilmdebareobis dasaxeleba, b eseegi bogota, kolumbiis dedaqalaqi,
sadac 1 oqtombers unda Semdgariyo eimsis Sexvedra mis operatorTan.
Frederik xitci Tavis moxsenebaSi aRniSnavs, rom 1993 wlis seqtemberSi
eimsis nagvis yuTSi aRmoCnda operatiuli werili riTac mtkicdeboda eWvi,
rom eimsi sabWoTa agenti iyo. amave wlis noemberSi eimsis karakaSi
gamgzavrebis Semdeg gamoZiebis federaluri biuros TanamSromlebma
daafiqsires misi sabanko angariSis 86 700 aSS dolaris gazrdis faqti. 1994
wlis 21 Tebervals gamoZiebis federaluri biuros kontrdazvervam eimsi
saxlTan daapatimra, rodesac is lenglidan dabrunda. imave dRes
daapatimres misi meuRle maria rosario. eimsis dapatimrebas didi xmauri

mohyva, arkvevdnen Tu ra zarali miayena qveyanas eimsis qmedebebma,

centralur sadazvervo saagentos brals sdebdnen umoqmedobaSi da
uunarobaSi.
moskovSi
araoficialuri
vizitiT
Cavida
centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos 2 maRalCinosani, romlebic moTxovdnen eimsis
ruseTis dazvervasTan TanamSromlobis faqtis aRiarebas, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi imuqrebodnen diplomatiuri skandaliT. zrdilobiani uaris
miRebis Semdeg amirekis mxarem lisenko, romelic ruseTis sagareo
dazvervis samsaxuris rezidenti gaxldaT vaSingtonSi arasasurvel
pirovnebad (persona non gratad) gamoacxades. ruseTma gadadga sapasuxo
nabiji da arasasurvel pirovnebad gamoacxada centraluri sadazvervo
saagentos rezidenti moskovSi jeims morisi. centraluri sadazvervo
saagentos daskvniT eimsma daaxloebiT 12 amerikis jaSuSi gasca da CaSala
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos mier ssrk-s da ruseTis federacies
winaaRmdeg warmoebuli 50 specoperacia. amisaTvis eimsma jer suk-isgan
xolo Semdeg ruseTis federaciis sagareo dazvervis samsaxurisgan miiRo
2,7 milioni aSS dolari.
eimsis sasamarTlo procesi swraf da daxurul formatSi Catarda.
centraluri sadazvervo saagento da gamoZiebis federaluri biuro Tavs
aridebdnen xangrZliv sasamarTlo process naficmsajulTa monawileobiT,
sadac
bevri
arasasurveli
kiTxva
daismeboda,
magaliTad
aSS-s
specsamsaxurebisTvis yvelaze arasasurveli kiTxva iyo, Tu rogor
jaSuSobda da moqmedebda eimsi dausjelad 9 wlis ganmavlobaSi maT
Tvalwin. 1994 wlis 28 aprils eimsi gaasamarTles SpionaJisa da
gadasaxadebis gadauxdelobis gamo da miusajes sicocxlis bolomde
patimroba. amave wlis 23 oqtombers maria rosario-eimss jaSuSobaSi
Tanamonawileobis da gadasaxadebis gadauxdelobis braldebiT miusajes 5
weli. ojaxis mTeli qoneba, amerikaSi momqmedi bankis angariSebi, pensia Tu
sxva tipis finansuri Semosavali CamorTmeul iqna. erTaderTi qoneba
romelic eimsebs ver CamoarTves es iyo qoneba kolumbiaSi, razec aSS-s
xeli ar miuwvdeboda. rac Seexeba eimsis sasamarTlo process Cven
yuradRebas
SevaCerebT
federaluri
sasamarTlos
prokuroris
sabralmdeblo sityvaze, misi martivi ganmartebiT: eimsis mier gacemuli da
ssrk-Si daxvretili centraluri sadazvervo saagentos jaSuSebi Seewiren
mis sixarbes. Cveni azriT eimsi iseTive jaSuSi da moRalate iyo,
rogorebic is ssrk-Si daxvretili centraluri sadazvervo saagentos
jaSuSebi, isini ZiriTadad finansuri interesebiT moqmedebdnen da
sCadiodnen am Ralatis aqtebs. eimsis Cavardnis mizezebze kamaTi dResac
aqtualuria. centralur sadazvervo saagentoSi da gamoZiebis federalur
biuroSi amtkiceben, rom eimsis Cavardna aSS-s aRniSnuli specsamsaxurebis
profesionalizmis da operatiuli muSaobis Sedegi iyo, xolo suk-is
yofili general-leitenanti nikolai leonovi, romelic mravali weli
msaxurobda pirvel mTavar sammarTveloSi analitikuri sammarTvelos
ufrosad kategoriulad gansxvavebuli mosazreba gaaCnia:
me darwmunebiT SemiZlia ganvacxado, rom eimss moskovSi uRalates,
mravali weli me piradad vuZRvebodi aSS-Si Cven agenturasTan kontaqtebis
warmoebas da uzrunvelyofas. bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi aRniSnuli

kontaqtebi idealurad iyo konspirirebuli da awyobili. yvela samxili,

makomprometirebeli informacia, nagvis yuTSi napovni werili da fufunebis
da uzomo xarjebis Sedegad zedmeti yuradRebis miqcevis Sesaxeb
sulelebis Tvalis asaxvevad iyo gamogonili. eimsi amxiles moskovSi
centraluri
dazvervis
agentebma,
pirebma,
romlebsac
pirdapiri
samsaxureobrivi kavSiri hqondaT eimsis saqmesTan.
oldriC eimsis Ralati aSS-s specsamsaxurebis istoriaSi metad
mtkivneuli da rTuli sakiTxia. aRniSnuli movlenebis Semdeg aSS-s mTavar
sadazvervo uwyebaSi didi reorganizacia Catarda. eimsis saqmis Semdeg
centraluri sadazvervo saagento Tavisi TanamSromlebisgan mkacrad
iTxovda yovelwliuri angariSebis da finansuri deklaraciebis Cabarebas.
aRniSnuli prevenciuli zomebis Semdeg aSS-Si Tvlidnen, rom centralur
sadazvervo
saagentoSi
SeRweva
amieridan
SeuZlebeli
iyo,
Tumca
specsamsaxurebs Soris brZola ar Sewyvetila da orive qveynis dazvervaSi
mas Semdeg gadabirebis mravali faqti dafiqsirda.
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos mier ruseTSi gadmobirebuli agenti,
amavdroulad saxelmwifo uSiSroebis komitetis TanamSromeli leonid
poliSuki
sixarbem
gamoaaSkarava.
afrikidan
moskovSi
SvebulebiT
dabrunebulma aSS-s dazvervis warmomadgenlebisgan moiTxova 20 aTasi
rubli (im dros 3 avtomobilis Tanxa) romelic amerikelebs unda
daetovebinaT
samalavSi.
siCqareSi amerikel
diplomats
gadaaviwyda
usafrTxoebis zomebis miReba TvalTvalis aRmoCenis mizniT, swored es
uyuradReboba gaxda kontrdazvervis warmatebuli operaciis mizezi.
ruseTis kontrdazverva diplomats aSS-s saelCodan miyveboda kvalSi,
operatiulma muSakebma daafiqsires samalavis adgilmdebareoba, perimetri
aiyvanes mudmiv kontrolze da poliSuki samalavidan Tanxis amoRebis
momentSi daakaves.
1980-ian wlebSi sabWoTa kavSiris Tavdacvis saministros eqspertebi
aRniSnavdnen, rom sabWoTa samxedro TviTmfrinavebi, romlebic sxva
saxelmwifoebis SeiaraRebul ZalebSi gamoiyeneboda advili samizne gaxda
aSS-s zenituri raketebisTvis. Tavidan warumateblobis mizezad ucxoeTis
mfrinavebis arasakmarisi momzadeba saxeldeboda, magram mas Semdeg, rac
sabWoTa mfrinavi-instruqtorebi daiRupnen daiwyo faqtis mokvleva. aSS-s
samecniero gamocemebis Seswavlis safuZvelze dadginda, rom xdeboda
saidumlo informaciis gadineba ruseTis Tavdacvis saministros sistemidan.
ori Tvis Semdeg agenti kontrmzveraveba gaSifres, daxurul biblioTekaSi
strategiuli informaciis gamoweram da Semdgom misi saeWvo gamoyenebis
faqtis dadgenis mizniT saqmeSi CaerTo jgufi alfa, romelsac daevala
agentis
damuSaveba
da
ayvana.
operacia
Catarda
metros
sadgur
pionerskaias maxloblad telefonis jixurTan, es gaxldaT amerikis
agentisa da amerikeli mzveravis winaswar daTqmuli Sexvedris adgili.
dakavebis operacia uproblemod Catarda, aSS-s saelCos meore mdivan pol
stombauxsa da moskovis radiomSeneblobis saidumlo centris TanamSromel
adolf tolkaCovs Tan hqondaT jaSuSuri saqmianobis damadasturebeli
yvela samxili.

1991 wlidan centraluri sadazvervo saagentos ZiriTad prioritetad

ganisazRvra
aSS-sTvis
ruseTis
sagareo
da
saSinao
politikaze
zemoqmedebisTvis saWiro garemoebebis Seqmna.
aRniSnuli istoriuli magaliTebi gviCveneben Tu ra motivebiT SeiZleba
moxdes gavlenis agentebis gadabireba iseT Zlier da SeuRwevad sadazvervo
struqturebSic
ki
rogoric
centraluri
sadazvervo
saagento
da
nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentoebia. aSS-s dazvervis istoriaSi am
tipis faqtebi arc Tu ise xSiria, Tumca aRniSnuli zesaxelmwifos
dazvervis sistemisTvis esec ki miuRebelia.
istoriuli gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom sxvadasxva ideologiis da
kulturis mqone zesaxelmwifos sadazvervo uwyebebSi iyo garkveuli
xarvezebic, damarcxebebic da gamarjvebebic. vfiqrobT aRniSnuli ori
birTvuli
saxelmwifos
dazvervis
specialuri
samsaxuris
paeqroba
bunebrivi istoriuli kanonzomiereba gaxlavT da igi dResac grZeldeba
saxe Secvlili formebiT.

gamoZiebis federaluri biuro da sisxlis samarTlis

policiis saerTaSoriso organizacia interpoli
(TanamSromloba, strategia da ZiriTadi prioritetebi)
1908w. aSS-s prezidentma Teodor ruzveltma da iusticiis ministrma,
amavdroulad generaluri prokuroris movaleobis Semsrulebelma Carlz
bonapartma erToblivi ZalisxmeviT Camoayalibes specialuri agentebis
qvedanayofi, romelic federaluri gamoZiebis biuros Seqmnis winapirobad
iTvleba. biuros istoriisa da realobis Sesaxeb Tundac zogadi warmodgena
gvaZlevs imis saSualebas, rom davinaxoT qveynisaTvis am umZlavresi
organizaciis arsebobis udidesi mniSveneloba. rogorc statistikuri
monacemebiT aris cnobili, XX s. samarTaldarRvevaTa done aSS-Si
gacilebiT maRalia, vidre evropis nebismier qveyanaSi. advili warmosadgenia
Tu rogori kriminogenuli viTareba daisadgurebda StatebSi, rom ara
federaluri
gamoZiebis
biuros
mier
regularuli
xasiaTis
mqone
specoperaciebi. swored specoperaciebisa da masiuri xasiaTis mqone wmendis
saSualebiT xerxdeba damnaSaveTa raodenobis minimalur ricxvamde dayvana
da balansireba.
Tavdapirvelad organizacias daerqva gamoZiebis biuro (BOI), 1932 wels
Seecvala saxelwodeba da ewoda aSS-is gamoZiebis biuro, 1933 wlidan aSS-is
gamoZiebis biuro gaerTianda akrZalvis biurosTan da ewoda gamoZiebis
ganyofileba, xolo 1935 wlidan ewodeba gamoZiebis federaluri biuro.
gamoZiebis biuros direqtori edgar huveri cvlilebebis Sedegad gaxda
gamoZiebis federaluri biuros pirveli direqtori. huveri aRniSnul postze
48 weli imyofeboda, xolo misi sikvdilis Semdeg kanonmdeblebma biuros
direqtorebs postze saqmianobis vada 10 wliT ganusazRvres. edgar huveris
Semdeg, robert miuleri gfb-os meore direqtoria, romelic sxva
direqtorebze met xans inarCunebs Tanamdebobas. miuleri direqtoris posts
2001 wlis 4 seqtembridan ikavebs.
TiTqmis yvela qveynis didi saxelmwifoebrivi formacia, yoveli Zalovani
struqtura SeqmnisTanave atarebs sxvebisagan gansxvavebul TvisebaTa
elementebs. aqvs sakuTari ideologia, romelsac aucileblad upirispirdeba
gansxvavebuli
azris
mqone
ideologiebi.
saxelmwifo
uSiSroebis
ierarqiuli organoebi da srulyofili saxelmwifosaTvis aucilebeli
damcavi struqturaa, romelic metad konservatiulia da ubralod ar
SeiZleba, rom yvelaferSi eTanxmebodes sociumis istoriul cvlilebebs.
saxelmwifo
uSiSroebis
specsamsaxurebis
ZiriTad mizans
erovnuli
uSiSroebis dacva da erovnuli interesebis gansazRvra warmoadgens.
federaluri gamoZiebis biuro ar funqcionirebs mxolod erTi, romelime
konkretuli mimarTulebiT. mTeli Tavisi xangrZlivi istoriuli arsebobis
manZilze
biuro
cdilobda
gafarToebuliyo
da
gaezarda
Tavisi
moRvaweobis sferos areali. xangrZlivi da masStaburi reformebis Sedegad
igi gadaiqca yovlisSemZle universalur samarTaldamcav organizaciad,
romelic kompetenturia iseTi sakiTxebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi, rogoric

aris: narkobiznesi, trefikingi, kidnepingi, dazverva, kontrdazverva,

terorizmi, politikuri Zebna. biuro dawvrilebiT aanalizebs yvela
mniSvnelovan istoriul, politikur Tu kriminalur movlenas, romelic
damuSavebuli
da
daxarisxebuli
informaciis
saxiT
organizaciis
analitikuri departamentis saidumlo arqivSi inaxeba.
federaluri gamoZiebis biuro aqtiurad TanamSromlobs interpolTan,
sisxlis samarTlis policiis saerTaSoriso organizaciasTan. interpoli
Seiqmna 1923 w. venaSi sisxlis samarTlis policiis kongresze, rogorc am
kongresis organo. 1930 w. gamoeyo kongress damoukidebel organizaciad II
msoflio omis dasawyisSi organizacia xelSi Caigdes germanelebma. omis
damTavrebamde germanelebma gaanadgures dokumentacia da man faqtiurad
Sewyvita arseboba. interpolis muSaoba 1946 w. ganaxlda, roca misi axali
wesdeba miiRes. wesdebis mixedviT interpoli aerTianebs sxvadasxva
saxelmwifoebis
samarTaldamcav
organoebs.
interpolis
amocanaa
damnaSaveTa winaaRmdeg brZola saerTaSoriso masStabiT. misi mTavari
organoa generaluari ansamblea, romelic aeTianebs interpolis wevr
saxelmwifoTa
warmomadgenlebs.
aRmasrulebeli
organoa
generaluri
samdivno. interpolis Stab-bina parizSi mdebareobs.
saerTaSoriso aspeqtSi federaluri gamoZiebis biurom reagireba 90-iani
wlebidan daiwyo. aRniSnuli cvlilebebi globalur danaSaulTa ricxvis
zrdas ukavSirdeba. 1994w. zafxulSi Catarda saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis
mTeli rigi sxdomebi da seminarebi, romlebic mieZRva msoflio kriminalTan
dakavSirebul mniSvnelovan problemur sakiTxebs. Sexvedrebs daeswro
amerikis diplomatiur da samarTaldamcav uwyebaTa oficialuri delegacia
federaluri gamoZiebis biuros direqtoris luis fris xelmZRvanelobiT da
evropis 11 qveynis sxvadasxva uwyebis maRalCinosani pirebi. aSS-s
federaluri gamoZiebis biuro, romlis Zalauflebac qveynis mTel
masStabebze vrceldeba, radikalurad gansxvavdeba qveynis policiisagan,
romlis uflebamosileba mxolod lokalur xasiaTs atarebs da arc
gamodis imis pretenziiT, rom CaerTos kriminaluri samyaros winaaRmdeg
mimdinare sarTaSoriso brZolaSi. federaluri gamoZiebis biuros sruli
iuridiuli ufleba hqonda warmoedgina qveynis Zalovani struqturebi
interpolSi.
Tumca,
sisxlis
samarTlis
policiis
saerTaSoriso
organizaciis rigebSi Sesvlas federaluri gamoZiebis biuro ar Cqarobda,
radgan am organizaciaSi gawevrianebis yvela msurvelisaTvis sakmaod
soliduri sawevro gadasaxadi iyo dawesebuli, rac saerTaSoriso aparatis
Semdgom ganviTarebas da srulyofas xmardeboda. arsebuli pirobebi
ewinaaRmdegeboda edgar guveris principebs, radgan guvers ucxo qveynebis
erToblivi policiis aparatis ganviTarebis mizniT Setanili Tanxebi
dakargulad miaCnda. Amas is uaryofiTi momentic emateboda, rom interpolis
arqivi venaSi mdebareobda, ris gamoc biuros teritoriuli siSoris gamo ar
SeeZlo arqivSi moTavsebuli maTTvis mniSvnelovan saidumlo dokumentebze
mudmivi muSaobis warmoeba. biuros mxolod oficialuri moTxovnis Semdeg
egzavneboda erTjeradi konkretuli informacia, rac did dros moiTxovda
da araprofesionalizmze miuTiTebda. zemoT aRniSnuli uaryofiTi mxareebi
biuros
negatiur
Sexedulebas
uqmnida
interpolze.
organizaciebs

erTmaneTTan
formaluri
urTierTobebi
1938
wlamde
ar
hqondaT
damyarebuli. periodulad biuro Tu pasuxobda interpolis moTxovnebze,
romlis ZiriTad mizans im damnaSaveTa Sesaxeb informaciis mopoveba
warmoadgenda, romlebic evropis samarTaldamcavi organoebisagan Tavs
afareben aSS-s kontinents.
federaluri gamoZiebis biurosa da interpolis urTierTobebSi dadebiTi
gardatexa moaxdina 1933 w. aSS-s uzenaesi sasamarTlos mier eqstradaciis
ZiriTadi principebis dawesebam. saerTaSoriso kanoni aRiarebs eqstradaciis
uflebas
mxolod
urTierTSeTanxmebis
SemTxvevaSi.
ucxo
qveynis
xelisuflebas SeuZlia, Tu es Seesabameba qveynis konstituciasa da qveynis
kanonebs, gadasces damnaSave im qveynis samarTaldamcav uwyebebs, romeli
qveynidanac is danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg gaiqca. kriminaluri samyaros
kavSirebis transatlantikur doneze gafarToebam federalur biuros
interpolTan TanamSromlobis aucilebloba daanaxa. 1936w. ianvarSi biurom
arsebobis manZilze pirvelad gamoaqveyna statia kidneperebis winaaRmdeg
brZolis Sesaxeb interpolis JurnalSi saxelwodebiT `saerTaSoriso
sazogadoebis usafrTxoeba. es gaxlavT operatiul-instruqciuli Jurnali,
romelic gankuTvnilia evropisa da ramdenime axlo aRmosavleTis qveynebis
policiis specialuri saerTaSoriso departamentisaTvis. 1936-1937 w.w
federalurma biurom interpolis yovelwliur generalur asambleaze
damkvirveblad sagangebod SerCeuli agentebi gaagzavna. delegatebi qveyanaSi
dadebiTi STabeWdilebebiT dabrundnen da organizaciis muSaobis Sesaxeb
metad pozitiuri Semajamebeli moxseneba gaakeTes. aRniSnul periodSi
saerTaSoriso
kriminaluri
policia
ukve
metad
seriozuli
profesionalebiT
dakompleqtebul
sistemas
warmoadgenda,
romlis
reputacia jer ar iyo Selaxuli germaniis nacional-socialisturi partiis
mier moxdenili zegavlenis gamo.
1938w. 10 ivniss aSS-s kongresma specialuri aqtiT daadgina, rom aSS-s
generaluri prokurori saerTaSoriso kriminaluri policiis komisiaSi
gawevrianebis Semdeg warmoadgenda aSS-s mxares da gamoxatavda qveynis
interesebs interpolSi. am aqtis erT-erT saidumlo punqts warmoadgenda
edgar guveris saerTaSoriso kriminaluri policiis komisiaSi specialur
warmomadgenlad daniSvnis oficialuri gadawyvetileba. yovelive amas
daemata metad mniSvnelovaniqvepunqti, romliTac federaluri gamoZiebis
biuro
aSS-s
erTaderTi
Zalovani
uwyeba
iqneboda,
romelic
iTanamSromlebda interpolis komisiasTan. am or organizacias Soris
TanamSromloba 1941w. bolomde grZeldeboda konkretulad, aSS-sa da
germanias Soris omis gamocxadebamde. interpoli am dros nacistebis sruli
kontrolis qveS aRmoCnda. organizaciis prezidentad dainiSna geidrixi,
romlis miTiTebiT interpolis Stab-bina berlinis gareubanSi (vanzeaSi)
gadavida. edgar guverma geidrixis qmedebis sapasuxod gasca gankarguleba,
rom biuros aRar gaegzavna operatiuli korespondenciebi interpolisaTvis,
radgan qveynebs Soris arsebuli daZabuli viTareba dRiTidRe radikalur
saxes iRebda. Seqmnili viTarebis gamo, uwyebebs Soris Sewyda urTierTobebi,
rac omis Semdgom periodSic ki xangrZlivi drois manZilze ar
ganaxlebula. Omis periodSi nacisturi mTavrobis mier modificirebuli

interpoli agrZelebda funqcionirebas. geidrixis Semdeg interpolis

komisiis prezidentis postze samxedro damnaSave kaltenbruneri dainiSna.
mravalwliani gamocdilebis mqone interpolis generali mdivani oskar
dresleri anSliusis Semdeg, nacistebis direqtivebis Semsrulebeli gaxda.
1946w. 3 ivniss belgiis uSiSroebis samsaxuris generaluri inspeqtoris
floran luJovis xelmZRvanelobiT Catarda interpolis komisiis me-15
generaluri asambleis sxdoma, romelzec sagangebod mowveuli edgar guveri
ar
gamocxadda.
federaluri
gamoZiebis
biuros
direqtorma
Tavis
oficialur moxsenebaSi sxdomaze argamocxadebis mizezad saerTaSoriso
kriminaluri policiis omis Semdeg gardaqmnili sistemis axal ideologiasa
da strategiul miznebSi gaurkvevloba daasaxela. aSS-s kritikuli
gancxadebis miuxedavad, edgar guveri aRniSnul asambleaze interpolis
vice-prezidentTa SvideulSi mainc Sevida, organizaciis prezidentad
floran luJovi airCies, generaluri mdivnis posti lui diuklem daikava,
xolo iuridiuli departamentis ufrosad siurte nacionali dainiSna.
federaluri gamoZiebis biuros direqtori da amave dros ukve interpolis
vice-prezidenti edgar guveri pretenzias acxadebda biurosadmi undoblobis
gamo. igi saerTaSoriso kriminaluri policiis ganaxlebul saidumlo
arqivebze dawesebuli SezRudvebis moxsnas da operatiul masalebze
samuSaod biuros TanamSromlebis Seuferxebel daSvebas moiTxovda.
aRniSnuli organizaciis saidumlo arqivSi arsebuli masalebis nawili omis
periodSi nacistebma gaanadgures, xolo danarCenis adgilsamyofeli
xangrZlivi drois manZilze yvelasaTvis ucnobi iyo. 1945w. Semodgomaze
federaluri gamoZiebis biurom moipova informacia, rom saerTaSoriso
kriminaluri policiis arqivi berlinSi inaxeboda. aRniSnuli informaciis
dazustebis mizniT, federalurma biurom gamoZiebis Catareba moiTxova.
berlinSi myofma aSS-s jarebis usafrTxoebis samsaxuris direqtoris
moadgilem federalur biuros acnoba arqivis zusti adgilmdebareoba.
Berlinidan miRebuli informaciis xangrZlivi gadamowmebisa da Seswavlis
Sedegad federalurma biurom miiRo gadawyvetileba, rom aRniSnul arqivSi
arsebuli masalebi TiTqos gaufasurebuli iyo da vaSingtonSi maT
gadagzavnas araviTari saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvneloba aRar hqonda. arqivis
Semdgomi adgilsamyofeli kvlav xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi ucnobi
iyo, radgan is sinamdvileSi sami wlis manZilze muSavdeboda aSS-s specsamsaxurebis mier. Semdeg gaSifruli da ukve gaufasurebuli informaciiT
dakompleqtebuli arqivis masalebi gadaigzavna parizSi interpolis axal
Stab-binaSi. aRniSnuli arqivis kartotekebSi 15000 dosie inaxeboda. omis
damTavrebis Semdeg araerTi sasamarTlo procesi Catarda germaneli
nacistebis dasasjelad. sasamarTlo procesebis amsaxveli yvela es
informacia da sxva araerTi kompromati, ra Tqma unda, metad mniSvnelovani
iyo rogorc aSS-isTvis, ise misi mokavSireebisTvisac.
1947 wlidan federaluri gamoZiebis biurosa da interpols Soris
TanamSromloba isev ganaxlda. interpolis generalur asambleaze edgar
guveris davalebiT moxsenebiT gamovida specialuri warmomadgeneli,
parizSi mdebare aSS-s saelCos iuridiuli ataSe. am Sexvedraze interpolSi
Semavalma qveynebma TanamSromlobis deklaracia ganaaxles. TanamSromlobis

Sesaxeb deklaraciis ganaxlebam mainc ver SeaCera momavalSi mosalodneli

problemuri situaciis moaxloeba. erT-erTi seriozuli mizezi, romelic
uaryofiTad aisaxa guveris uwyebaze iyo `civi omis~ anu saerTaSoriso
daZabulobis gamwvaveba da birTvuli omis safrTxe.
1948w. seqtemberSi praRaSi Catarebul interpolis rigiT me-17 komisiis
asambleaze
organizaciis
wesdeba
Seamkes
fraziT,
romelmac
antikomunisturi paTologiis mqone guveri SeZrwunebuli datova. asambleaze
aRiniSna, rom organizacia moqmedebda Semdegi principiT, igi ar ereoda
politikur
da
religiur-rasobrivi
xasiaTis
matarebel
problemur
sakiTxebSi. federaluri gamoZiebis biurom protestis niSnad ar miiRo
monawileoba praRis asambleaze. aSS-s warmomadgeneli asambleaze ar
imyofeboda im mizeziT, rom interpolSi Semaval ramdenime qveyanaze
vrceldeboda sabWoTa kavSiris gavlena. interpols ar hqonda ufleba mieRo
momavali samoqmedo gegma organizaciaSi Semavali romelime qveynis
warmomadgenlis gareSe, e.i federaluri gamoZiebis biuros warmomadgenlis
asambleis sxdomebSi monawileobas saerTo saqmis interesebi moiTxovda.
TiTqmis yvela mniSvnelovani saerTaSoriso donis sakiTxebi, rogoricaa
kontrabanda, narkotikebisa da yalbi kupiurebis transportirebis metad
problemuri sakiTxebis winaaRmdeg brZola Sedioda aSS-s sabaJo samsaxuris,
saidumlo specsamsaxurebisa da narkobiznesis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli
administraciis kompetenciaSi. aRniSnuli organizaciebi imyofebodnen aSS-s
finansTa
saministros
iurisdiqciis
qveS.
Amitomac
interpolis
xelmZRvanelma wreebma pirdapir aSS-s finansTa saministros SesTavazes
TanamSromloba, razec Tanxmoba miiRes. 1949w. bernSi Catarebul interpolis
komisiis generalur asambleaze miwveuli iyo aSS-s ori uwyebis
TanamSromeli: erTi federaluri gamoZiebis biurodan, meore finansTa
saministrodan. haagaSi Catarebul momdevno asambleaze aSS-s saidumlo
samsaxurisa
da
narkobiznesis
winaaRmdeg
mebrZoli
departamentis
warmomadgenlebs ukve miniWebuli hqondaT oficialuri delegatis statusi,
rac biuros interpolidan gamosvlis erT-erT ZiriTad mizezad iqca. am
cvlilebebis Semdeg 1938 wlis kanonSi Sesworeba gakeTda, romlis ZaliTac
aSS-s generalur prokurors ufleba eZleoda nebismieri saministro Tu
uwyeba daesaxelebia qveynis oficialur warmomadgenlad interpolSi.
federaluri gamoZiebis biurosa da interpols Soris urTierTobis
gaaqtiureba momdevno wlebSi verc robert kenedim SeZlo prokuroris
ampluaSi yofnisas. Tumca, am periodSi qveyanaSi ukve funqcionirebda
oficialuri
warmomadgenloba,
aSS-s
sisxlis
samarTlis
policiis
saerTaSoriso centraluri nacionaluri biuro, romelic mxolod edgar
guveris
gardacvalebis
Semdeg,
Sevida
iusticiis
saministros
daqvemdebarebaSi. aSS-s interpolis centraluri nacionaluri biuros
moRvaweobaze pasuxismgeblobas finansTa da iusticiis saministroebi
inawilebdnen. federaluri gamoZiebis biuros saerTaSoriso kriminaluri
policiis centraluri nacionaluri biuros saqmeebSi monawileoba da masze
kontroli yovel wels Zlierdeboda. upirveles yovlisa, am movlenebis
xelisSemwyobi gaxldaT 70-iani wlebSi aSS-Si kriminaluri sferos
transnacionaluri aspeqtebis kidev ufro swrafad zrda. 80-ian wlebSi

krizisma interpolic ki moicva. germaniis federaluri respublika da

kanada ukve axali alternatiuli organizaciis Seqmnaze muSaobis dawyebas
apirebdnen, rom situacia daregulirda da organizaciam Cveul ritmSi
ganagrZo muSaoba. federalur biurosa da interpols Soris daaxloebasa da
maT nayofier muSaobaSi didi wvlili Seitana 1981w vaSingtonis sisxlis
samaTrlis policiis saerTaSoriso centraluri nacionaluri biuros
xelmZRvanelma riCard steinerma. igi aRniSnavda, rom interpoli Zalian did
rols asrulebda mravali qveynis samarTlebriv cxovrebaSi: interpoli rom
ar arsebobdes, Cven mogviwevda misi Seqmna. magram, radgan aseTi ukve
arsebobs umjobesi iqneba ukve arsebuli organizaciis modernizeba da
misTvis raRac universaluri struqturis saxis micema. 1982w. oqtomberSi
aSS-s saidumlo samsaxuris axali direqtori jon simfsoni airCies
interpolis vice-prezidentad, xolo sami wlis Semdeg 1985w. igi aSS-s
interpolis nacionaluri biuros pirveli prezidenti gaxda. Aamerikis
interpolis centraluri biuros biujeti aRniSnul wlebSi 125 aTasi
dolari 6 milionamde gaizarda, ramac xeli Seuwyo organizaciis
ganviTarebas. federaluri gamoZiebis biuros TanamSromlebma interpolSi
axali samuSao etapi msoflios nomer pirveli safrTxis globaluri
terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZolis strategiuli gegmis damuSavebiT daiwyes.
Biuros specialuri agenti don levi, romelic biuroSi terorizmis
winaaRmdeg brZolis strategiaze 10 wlis manZilze muSaobda, 1984 w.
dainiSna safrangeTSi mdebare aSS-s saelCos iuridiul ataSed. 1985w.
oqtombridan don levi samuSaod gadaiyvanes sen-kluSi mdebare interpolis
generalur samdivnoSi. 1987 wlidan ki is xelmZRvanelobda specialur
antiteroristul jguf TE-s. specsamsaxurebis operatiuli monacemebiT, XX
saukuneSi teroristuli aqtebis Sedegad daiRupa 70-ze meti saxelmwifos
meTauri da 600-mde saxelmwifo moRvawe. bolo wlebSi teroristuli aqtebis
msxverpli izrdeba. Seqmnilia daqirvebul mkvlelTa sindikatebi, bevrgan,
gansakuTrebiT, arabul qveynebSi, specialur skolebSi amzadeben terorist
TviTmkvlelebs (kamikaZe), romelTa gamovlena metad Znelia. Tanamedrove
terorizmi, rogorc wesi, amJamad gmokveTilad religiur da eTnikur
xasiaTs atarebs. terorizmis yvelaze mZime da saSiSi formaa saxelmwifo
terorizmi. Ees aris XIX saukunis bolosa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi
Camoyalibebuli moZraoba, romelmac TiTqmis yvela qveynis sazRvrebs
miaRwia.
XXI sakunis dasawyisSi gamonaklisi SemTxvevebis garda terorizmisa da
kriminaluri samyaros winaaRmdeg mebrZol koaliciaSi Semavali sxvadasxva
qveynis specsamsaxurebi umklavdebian rogorc sxvadasxva tipis organizebul
danaSaulebriv sindikatebs, aseve terorizmis yovelgvar gamovlinebas.

gamoZiebis federaluri biuros gansakuTrebiT mZime

danaSaulebaTa analizis erovnuli centri
gamoZiebis federaluri biuro (FBI) amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
iusticiis departamentis Semadgeneli nawilia. misi ZiriTadi funqciebia
federaluri sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis gamoZieba da qveynis SigniT
usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa da kontrdazverva. FBI-i Seiqmna 1908 wlis 26
ivliss 104 wlis win. 2012 wlis 29 Tebervlis monacemebiT biuros
TanamSromelTa raodenoba 35, 664 gaxldaT. 2011 monacemebiT misi wliuri
biujeti 7.9 miliard aSS dolars Seadgenda. 1976 wels miRebuli kanoniT
biuros direqtori iniSneba 10 wlis vadiT, mas niSnavs prezidenti senatis
TanxmobiT. 1981 wlis 4 dekembers prezidentis mier gamocemuli direqtiviT
gamoZiebis federaluri biuro yvela saxelmwifo uwyebaze anxorcielebs
kontrdazverviT monitorings, maT Soris dazvervis centralur saagentosa
da Tavdacvis departamentze.
`erTguleba, simamace, patiosneba~ biuros oficialuri devizia. gamoZiebis
federaluri biuros operatiuli kavSiris centrebi 40-de qveyanaSi
funqcionirebs,
centri
ganTavsebulia
amerikis
saelCoSi,
mas
xelmZRvanelobs biuros warmomadgeneli samarTlebrivi ataSes rangSi.
biuroSi miuRebelia raime niSnis mixedviT diskriminacia, iqneba es: sqesi,
rasa, eTnikuri kuTvnileba Tu invalidoba.
FBI-is struqturidan metad saintereso da specifikuri gaxlavT
gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebaTa analizis erovnuli centri (NCAVC)
(National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime) romelic FBI-is kritikul
incindentebze pasuxismgebeli jgufis (CIRG) (Critical Incindent Response Group)
SemadgenlobaSia. gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebaTa analizis erovnuli
centri iZiebs iseT mZime danaSaulebebs, rogorebicaa: seriuli mkvlelobebi,
mcirewlovani bavSvebis gataceba an eqspluatacia, konkretul SemTxvevebSi
terorizmis faqtebs, seriul gaupatiurebebs da sxvadasxva tipis SantaJs.
centrs gaaCnia didi teqnikuri da sainformacio baza, romelic sxvadasxva
tipis profailebiT (fsiqologiuri portreti) da sxvadasxva mniSvnelovani
informaciiT aris datvirTuli.
sazogadoebaSi xSirad centris TanamSromlebs profailerebs uwodeben,
kriminaluri
profaili
niSnavs
zogadad
pirovnebis
an
damnaSavis
fsiqologiur portrets. centrSi garda profailebis Seqmnisa mimdinareobs
safrTxeebis Sefaseba, danaSaulis analizi, gamoZiebis sxva organoebisaTvis
mxardaWera gamoZiebis procesSi centris mier momzadebuli profailebiT,
aqtualuria agreTve intervius an dakiTxvis strategia, sasamarTlo
procesis momzadebisa da devnis strategia, eqspertebis Cveneba, eqspertis
koordinacia da sxva damatebiTi operatiuli resursebi da komponentebi.
gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebaTa analizis erovnuli centris Seqmnis
Sesaxeb oficialurad gamoacxada amerikis prezidentma ronald reiganma
1984 wlis 21 ivniss. centris daarsebis dRidan mravali mZime danaSaulia

gaxsnili, xolo prevenciuli zomebis Sedegad mravali danaSauli iqna

aRkveTili.
FBI-is analizisa da kvlevis erovnuli centri danaSaulis Ziebis
procesSi ZiriTad aqcentebs axdens profailingze da viqtimologiaze.
viqtimologia aris kriminologiis dargi, romelic Seiswavlis danaSaulis
msxverplis rols danaSaulSi. igi swavlobs yvelafers, rac dakavSirebulia
dazaralebul pirovnebasTan, kerZod mis fsiqologiur, moralur Tu
fizikur Tvisebebs. Profailingi, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT aris damnaSavis
fsiqologiuri portreti, gamoZiebis msvlelobisas metad mniSvnelovani
detali. danaSaulis adgilze SeiZleba iyos uamravi detali, romlis
Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare sasamarTlo eqspertis mier amoRebuli
kvalis analizis safuZvelze kvlevisa da analizis erovnuli centris
agentebs SeuZliaT daadginon misi Camdenis vinaoba danaSaulis specifikuri
xelweris mixedviT.
kriminaluri
profailingi
gamoiyeneba
fsiqopatebis
da
seriuli
mkvlelebis Ziebis procesSi, agreTve moZaladeTa da seriulad xanZris
wamkidebelTa vinaobis dadgenis dros. yovel damnaSaves danaSaulis Cadenis
individualuri xelwera gaaCnia. xelweris saSualebiT irkveva Tu ra tipis
aris damnaSave: organizebuli, dezorganizebuli, Tu Sereuli tipis.
organizebuli damnaSave qronologiurad, detalurad da gaazrebulad
amzadebs Tavis sastik qmedebas. isini Zalian gonierebi arian da rogorc
wesi aRniSnuli midrekileba
Zaladobisadmi gamowveulia
stresuli
situaciebiT an fsiqologiuri wnexis Sedegad. isini advilad arseboben
sociumSi da naklebad SesamCnevia maTi fsiqologiuri gadaxrebi.
spontanur danaSauls dezorganizebuli damnaSave sCadis sxvadasxva
dros da gauTvaliswinebel adgilsa da situaciaSi. dezorganizebuli
damnaSave cxovrobs marto, ris gamoc aris kargi damkvirvebeli, is
cxovrobs an muSaobs SemTxvevis adgilidan axlos. is akvirdeba msxverpls
swavlobs mas, magram zustad ar icis Tu sad da rodis aisrulebs mis
fantazias. diax am tipis adamianebi sociumisTvis safrTxes warmoadgenen,
Tumca isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom isini fsiqiurad avadmyofebi da
Seuracxadebi arian, radgan maT qmedebebs xSirad veranair logikur axsnas
ver upovi da igi warmoadgens maTi degradirebuli fantaziis nayofs.
aRniSnuli
safrTxeebis
winaaRmdeg
brZolisaTvis
aucilebelia
kvalificiuri kadrebi. gamoZiebis federaluri biuros agentebi, gamoZiebis
federaluri biuros akademiaSi gadian specialur momzadebas. Akademiis
damTavrebis Semdeg da biuros sxva danayofebSi samwliani muSaobis Semdeg
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi an sakuTari iniciativis SemTxvevaSi agentebs
eZlevaT ufleba imsaxuron gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebaTa analizis
erovnul centrSi.
gamoZiebis federaluri biuros mTavari saswavlo centri `gamoZiebis
federaluri biuros erovnuli akademia~ gaixsna 1972 wlis maisSi. igi
ganTavsebulia aSS-s samxedro sazRvao qveiTi Zalebis bazaze qalaq

kuantikoSi, virjiniis StatSi. akademiis ZiriTadi kompleqsi Sedgeba: saerTo

sacxovrebeli, sasadilo, biblioTeka, saswavlo korpusi, samecniero
kvlevebis da savarjiSo centri, 1000 adgiliani auditoria, eklesia,
administraciuli
ofisebi,
didi
sportuli
darbazi
da
stadioni,
specialuri teqnikiT da manqanebiT aRWurvili avto farexiT. ZiriTadi
danamatia patara qalaqi `xogans eli~, romelic qmnis amerikuli qalaqis
imitacias da gamoiyeneba biuros axalbeda TanamSromelTa taqtikuri da
operatiuli moqmedebebis dasaxvewad. akademiis Stati ramdenime aseul
specialur
agentsa
da
agent-instruqtors
iTvlis.
TiTqmis
yvela
instruqtors
spec-pedagogis
statusi
aqvs
miniWebuli
virjiniis
universitetis mier.
aris periodi, rodesac kvlevisa da analizis centris agentebi
Cveulebriv xangrZliv samuSao dRes ofisSi atareben, es xdeba maSin
rodesac ar ismis zari prokuraturidan, an policiis departamentidan an
municipalitetidan, zari romelic axali SemTxvevis Sesaxeb atyobinebs
jgufs, aseT mSvid periodSi centrSi laboratoriulad amuSaveben
danaSaulis adgilidan amoRebul nivTebs an dnms, aanalizeben danaSaulis
adgilze gadaRebul fotoebs da erTmaneTs uziareben profesiul
mosazrebebs, isini ukavSireben sxvadasxva faqtebs da qmnian danaSaulis
suraTs raTa Cawvdnen danaSaulis motivs, droulad daakavon damnaSave,
gaxsnan saqme da moaxdinon Semdegi danaSaulis prevencia. aRniSnuli
saqmianoba
analitikur
da
fsiqologiur
specialur
ganaTlebas,
gamocdilebas da praqtikas moiTxovs. centris TanamSromlebi erTiandebian
profesiul
asociaciebSi,
monawileoben
specifikuri
saqmianobis
TematikasTan dakavSirebul samecniero konferenciebSi, agreTve centris
analitikur JurnalebSi aqveyneben zogadi fsiqologiisa da socialuri
fsiqologiis sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnil statiebs. gamoZiebis federaluri
biuros gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebaTa kvlevebisa da analizis centrs
gansakuTrebuli da rTuli misia aqvs dakisrebuli, igi maRali imijiT
sargeblobs aSS-s saxelmwifo wreebsa da sazogadoebaSi.

Sida usafrTxoebis departamenti

2002 wlis ivnisSi, 9/11-is movlenebis Semdeg aSS-s prezidentma jorj
buSma oficialurad wamoayena winadadeba axlo momavalSi usafrTxoebis
damcveli axali struqturis Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb, faqtiurad es gaxldaT
`qveynis Sida usafrTxoebis departamenti qveynis SigniT momqmedi
struqtura (Department of Homeland Security). 2002 wlis 25 noembris kongresis
mier qveynis teritoriaze uSiSroebis uzrunvelyofis aqtis miRebis Semdeg
ukve iuridiulad damtkicda am organos Seqmna. Sida usafrTxoebis
departamentis aqti Sedgeba 17 Tavisgan da gansazRvravs departamentis
struqturas, misias da prioritetebs. 2003 wlis 1 martidan aRniSnulma
uwyebam daiwyo Tavisi saqmianoba. aRniSnuli organos xelmZRvanelad
dainiSna yofili sazRvao qveiTi, pensilvaniis Statis yofili gubernatori
da prezident jorj buSis megobari tom riji.
uwyebis oficialuri monacemebiT departamentSi dasaqmebulia 240 000-ze
meti TanamSromeli da mosamsaxure. departamentis 2010 wlis biujeti 55
miliardi gaxldaT, xolo 2012 wlis biujeti 60.5 miliardi aSS dolaria.
Sida usafrTxoebis departamentSi mravali saagento da ofisi Sedis,
romelTa umravlesoba aRniSnul struqturaSi integraciamde da mis
Seqmnamdec
arsebobda
da
funqcionirebda
erovnuli
usafrTxoebis
dasacavad.
departamentis
struqtura
ierarqiuladaa
mowyobili,
departamentis mdivani axorcielebs mTliani struqturis marTvas, xolo
misi moadgileebi koordinirebas uweven struqturaSi Semavali sxvadasxva
uwyebebis saqmianobas.
Sida
usafrTxoebis
departamentis
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi eqvemdebareba:
-

mdivnis

moadgiles

erovnuli

aSS-s sanapiro dacvis samsaxuri

aSS-s saemigracio da sabaJo aRsrulebis samsaxuri
moqalaqeobisa da migraciis samsaxuri
sazRvrisa da sabaJo dacvis samsaxuri
aSS-s sagangebo situaciebis marTvis federaluri saagento
samarTaldamcavi organoebis TanamSromelTa momzadebis federaluri
centri
aSS-s saidumlo samsaxuri
operaciebis koordinaciis ofisi
satransporto usafrTxoebis dacvis administracia

Sida usafrTxoebis departamentis mdivnis moadgiles programebis dargSi

eqvemdebareba:
-

kiberusafrTxoebisa da komunikaciebis ofisi

erovnuli komunikaciebis sistema
kiberusafrTxoebis erovnuli ganyofileba
infrastruqturis dacvis ofisi
uwyebaTaSorisi programebis ofisi

riskebis marTvisa da analizis ofisi

aSS-s vizitorTa da emigrantTa statusis damdgeni samsaxuri e.w. (USVISIT). aSS-Si Casuli subieqtebis identifikacia sazRvarze teqnikuri
sainformacio bazis sistemuri saSualebiT.
Sida usafrTxoebis departamentis mdivnis moadgiles mecnierebasa da
teqnologiebSi eqvemdebareba:

kvlevebis ganyofileba
tranziciis ganyofileba
inovaciebis ganyofileba
feTqebadi masalebis da ganaRmvis sakiTxebis ganyofileba
qimiuri da biologiuri ganyofileba
sasazRvro da sazRvao usafrTxoebis ganyofileba
sardlobis,
kontrolis
da
funqciuri
urTierTTavsebadobis
ganyofileba
adamianuri faqtorebis ganyofileba: aanalizebs socialur jgufebs da
Seiswavlian teroristuli organizaciebs da maT motivacias da qcevis
wesebs
infrastruqturisa da geofizikuri ganyofileba

uwyebis ZiriTadi funqciebia:

-

aSS-s saxelmwifo teritoriebis dacva teroristuli safrTxeebisagan

aSS-s sazRvrebis, portebis da strategiuli infrastruqturis dacva
sinTezurad gaanalizos qveynis uSiSroebis sakiTxebi dazvervis
mravali wyaros informaciis safuZvelze
koordinacia gauwios centraluri xelisuflebisa da lokaluri
xelisuflebis organizebul kavSirebs qveynis uSiSroebis dacvis
aqciebis warmoebisas
daicvas qveyana bioterorizmis da sxva tipis masobrivi ganadgurebis
iaraRis gavrcelebisa da gamoyenebisagan
moamzados specialuri kadrebi kontrteroristuli saqmianobisaTvis
marTos federaluri donis sagangebo situaciebi

aSS-s teroristuli Tavdasxmebisagan xsnis proeqtis farglebSi Seiqmna

Sida usafrTxoebis sabWo (The Homeland Security Council) romelmac unda
uzrunvelyos usafrTxoebis dacvis programaSi CarTuli yvela uwyebis
koordinacia.
sabWoSi Sedian:
-

prezidenti
vice-prezidenti
finansTa ministry
Tavdacvis ministry
iusticiis ministri
jandacvis ministry
transportis ministri

sagangebo situaciebis federaluri saagentos direqtori

gamoZiebis federaluri biuros direqtori
dazvervis centraluri saagentos direqtori
prezidentis mrCeveli erovnuli uSiSroebis sakiTxebSi da sxva
uwyebis xelmZRvanelebi, romlebsac saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi prezidenti
iwvevs sabWos sxdomebze

prezidentis
administraciis
xelmZRvanels,
vice-prezidents
da
prezidentis mrCevels erovnuli uSiSroebis sakiTxebSi ufleba aqvT
daeswrnon sabWos yvela sxdomas. saxelmwifo mdivans, soflis meurneobis
mdivans, Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs, energetikis, dasaqmebisa da vaWrobis
ministrebs, veteranTa saqmeebis mdivans, garemos dacvis saagentos
xelmZRvaneli, prezidentis TanaSemwe ekonomikuri politikis sakiTxebSi da
prezidentis TanaSemwe Sida politikur sakiTxebSi unda daeswron mxolod
maT kompetenciaSi Semavali sakiTxebis ganxilvisas. sabWos Tavjdomare da
uwyebis politikis ganmsazRvreli gaxlavT amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
prezidenti.

Tavdacvis departamentis dazvervis saagento

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis yvela saxelmwifo struqtura, samxedro
politikuri da ekonomikuri profilis saministroebi da uwyebebi _
geografiuli
mdebareobisa
da
Sidapolitikuri
prioritetebis
gaTvaliswinebiT iqmneboda. gTavazobT informacias aSS-is Tavdacvis
departamentis dazvervis saagentos Sesaxeb (samxedro dazverva).
aSS-is pirveli mzveravi iyo naTan heili, romelic ingliselebma 1776
wlis seqtemberSi CamoaxrCves.Mmoxalise mzveravi amerikis erovnuli gmiri
gaxda da misi Zegli aSS-is dedaqalaq vaSingtonSi aRmarTes. yvelaferi ki
ase daiwyo: amerikeli kolonistebi damoukidebeli qveynis SeqmnisTvis
Tavdauzogavad ibrZodnen. maTi mowinaaRmdege ki imxanad msoflioSi
uZlieresi didi britaneTis armia iyo. amerikelTa laSqars generali jorj
vaSingtoni xelmZRvanelobda, romelic iaraRTan da fulTan erTad
mzveravebis
naklebobas
ganicdida.
mzveravis
saxifaTo
movaleobis
Sesrulebas patrioti moqalaqeebi cdilobdnen. erT-erTi iyo naTan heili,
romelic mowinaaRmdegem amxila da sikvdiliT dasaja. amis Semdeg, jorj
vaSingtonis gadawyvetilebiT, Seiqmna saidumlo samsaxuris biuro,
romelSic aTiode patrioti gaerTianda. isini moqmedebdnen niu-iorkSi,
sadac inglisiis armiis Stabi iyo dabanakebuli.
aSS-Si samxedro dazvervis pirveli struqtura mxolod me-19 saukunis
bolos, 1885 wels Seiqmna da mas samxedro informaciis sammarTvelo erqva.
sammarTveloSi sul ori adamiani muSaobda _ oficeri da klerki. maTi
ZiriTadi movaleoba iyo saxelmwifo departamentidan miRebuli informaciis
analizi, sagazeTo statiebis Segroveba da sxva sajaro informaciis
safuZvelze mokle angariSis Sedgena.
samxedro informaciis mopovebis wyaroebis gafarTovebis mizniT 1889
wels aSS-is administraciam msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis dedaqalaqebSi
samxedro ataSebi gagzavna. Tavdapirvelad ataSeebis dafinanseba biujetSi
ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli da maT yvela xarjis gastumreba sakuTari
jibidan uxdebodaT.
samxedro dazvervis sammarTvelo, rogorc damoukidebeli danayofi,
mxolos 1917 wlis maisis dasawyisSi, pirvel msoflio omSi aSS-is sajariso
samxedro
dazvervis
roli
da
funqciebi
mniSvnelovnad
gaizarda.
Sesabamisad didi iyo am danayofis wvlili germaniis armiis damarcxebaSic.
Semdgom periodSi ki samxedro dazvervis sammarTvelos siZliere da
prestiJi ganuwyvetliv mcirdeboda.
aSS-s SeiaraRebuli Zalebis, daqucmacebuli sadazvervo danayofebis
koordinaciis mizniT 1961 wlis 1 oqtombers Tavdacvis saministrosa da
Stabebis ufrosis komitetTan Seiqmna axali centralizebuli sadazvervo
organo Tavdacvis saministros dazvervis saagento. samxedro dazvervis
erTiani, centralizebuli organo SeiZleba arc ki Seqmniliyo, rom ara
amerikis axali, energiuli da ambiciuri prezidentis, jon kenedis didi

mondomeba. mas mxarSi amoudga axali Tavdacvis ministri robert maknamara.

manamde aSS-s SeiaraRebul ZalebSi sadazvervo saqmianoba dublirebuli iyo
da arakoordinirebulad xorcieldeboda.
1961 wlis 1 oqtombers saagentom saqmianoba daiwyo. Tavdapirvelad masSi
25 TanamSromeli iyo, Semdeg ki funqciebis zrdasTan erTad, Statebic
izrdeboda. 1963 wlis dasawyisSi Seiqmna analitikuri centri, mogvianebiT
monacemTa avtomaturi damuSavebis centri, samecniero-teqnikuri dazvervis
departamenti da a.S. Tumca wlebis ganmavlobaSi samxedro dazverva,
dazvervis centraluri saagentos CrdilSi rCeboda da meorexarisxovan
sadazvervo danayofad miiCneoda. aravin malavda, rom am struqturaSi
inteleqtuali kadrebi sanTliT iyo saZebni.
Tavdacvis saministros dazvervis saagentos srulyofaze muSaoba mas
Semdeg daiwyes, rac masaCusetsis teqnologiuri institutis reqtori,
profesiiT qimikosi jon deiCi aSS-s Tavdacvis ministris moadgiled
dainiSna (1993 w.). deiCi maqsimalurad uwyobda xels samxedro dazvervis,
rogorc erTiani sadazvervo sistemis sruluflebiani da efeqtiani
moTamaSis Camoyalibebas. 1996 wels aSS-s kongresma miiRo kanoni amerikis
specsamsaxurebis faruli (Crdilovani) dafinansebis Sesaxeb. samxedro
mzveravebs operatiuli operaciebis safarad da legendebis Sesaqmnelad
komerciuli firmebis Seqmnis ufleba miecaT, rac manmade mxolod dazvervis
centraluri saagentos da gamoZiebis federalur biuros hqondaT. aSS-s
samxedro mzveravebi ucxoeTSi ZiriTadad amerikis saelCos samxedro ataSes
aparats afareben Tavs da dazvervis centraluri saagentos rezidentebs
emorCilebian. saagentos struqtura direqtoratebisgan Sedgeba.
samxedro dazvervis saagentos struqturis direqtoratebia:
-

Tavdacvis kontrdazvervis centri

informaciis marTvis da mTavari informaciis oficris direqtorati
teqnikuri monacemebis Segrovebis direqtorati
analizis direqtorati
generaluri Stabis dazvervis sakiTxebze momuSave direqtorati
misiaTa momsaxurebis direqtorati
monacemTa Segrovebis marTvis direqtorati

amerikeli samxedro mzveravebis gmirobis ambebi naklebadaa cnobili.

Cafiqrebelia, rom am saqmeebs grifi sruliad saidumlo jer ar moxsnia
da sazogadoebisTvis jerac xelmiuwvdomelia. amJamad amerikis samxedro
dazvervas generali ronald berjesi xelmZRvanelobs, romelsac bevri
Tavsatexi aqvs: erayi, avRaneTi, saerTaSoriso terorizmi da kidev mravali
sajaro Tu faruli operacia. samxedro dazvervis TanamSromelTa raodenoba
17 aTass aRwevs. Tu rogor gaumklavdeba amerikis samxedro dazverva am
globalur problemebs dro gviCvenebs.
amerikis
Tavdacvis
departamentis
dazvervis
saagentom
sistemis
reformebis gegma SeimuSava, romelic miznad isaxavs sistemis gaZlierebas
da
sadazvervo
saqmianobis
meti
efeqturobisTvis
qveynis
sxva

specsamsaxurebTan koordinirebul TanamSromlobas. Tavdacvis dazvervis

saagento
gegmavs
aqtiurad
iTanamSromlos
centralur
sadazvervo
saagentosa da specialur operaciaTa sardlobasTan. vaSington postis mier
gavrcelebuli
informaciiT
amJamad
Tavdacvis
dazvervis
saagentos
saqmianobaSi ZiriTadi prioritetebia: afrikaSi moqmed islamistur jgufebze
TvalTvali da maTi saqmianobis kontroli, CrdiloeT koreis da iranis mier
sxva saxelmwifoebisaTvis iaraRis miyidvis faqtebis gamovlena da CineTis
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis modernizaciis etapebis kontroli. strategiuli
dazvervisa
da
samxedro
dazvervis
mier
erToblivi
RonisZiebebis
Catarebisas specsamsaxurebi iyofen interesis sferoebs, Tu pirveli uwyeba
dainteresebulia msoflio politikuri procesebiT meore orientirebulia
samxedro sakiTxebze.
Tavdacvis dazvervis saagento apirebs aqtiurad gazardos gazardos
ucxoeTSi moqmedi operatiuli kadrebis ricxvi. TanamSromelTa Statebis
zrda dagegmilia rTul ekonomikur fonze, ris gamoc maTi Seqmna moxdeba
sxva naklebad prioritetuli ganyofilebebis Semcirebis xarjze da
saStato
ganrigis
cvlilebebiT.
aRniSnuli
reformiT
ganzraxulia
samxedro dazvervis saagentos specialur globalur agenturul qselad
gardaqmna. SemuSavebuli gegmis mixedviT samxedro mzveravebi momzaddebian
centralur sadazvervo saagentoSi, magram daemorCilebian pentagons.
gardiani iuwyeba, rom Tavdacvis dazvervis saagento xSirad qiraobs
samoqalaqo pirebs, universitetis profesorebsa da biznesmenebs, kandidatis
SerCevisas ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba samxedro TvalsazrisiT strategiul
regionebze. gardianis mtkicebiT mzveravTa axali kadrebis amoqmedeba
uprecedento viTarebas Seqmnis globaluri maStabiT, kerZod msoflio
jaSuSTa efeqtur qsels. aRniSnuli gamocema amavdroulad yuradRebas
maxvilebs centraluri sadazvervo saagentos Statebis zrdazec. bolo 11
wlis ganmavlobaSi centraluri sadazvervo saagentos terorizmTan
brZolis departamenti 300 TanamSromlidan 2000-de gaizarda. samxedro
dazvervis
Statebis
zrda
centraluri
sadazvervo
saagentos
ukmayofilebamac
gamoiwvia,
mzveravebi
aRniSnavdnen,
rom
daiRalnen
samxedro specifikasTan dakavSirebuli davalebebis SesrulebiT da surT
droze gadaabaron kompetenciebi Tavdacvis dazvervis gafarToebul
saagentos. Centralur sadazvervo saagentos ar susrs erTdroulad libiaSi
eZebos miwa-haeris klasis raketebi da paralelurad Seafasos siriis
opoziciis Zalebi, es ormagi procesi damqancvelia agentebisTvis.
vaSingtonSi arseboben progresuli Zalebi, romlebic ewinaaRmdegebian
Tavdacvis dazvervis saagentos moRvaweobis arealis gafarToebas, radganac
centraluri sadazvervo saagentosgan gansxvavebiT Tavdacvis dazvervis
saagentos saqmianobas kongresi srulad ver akontrolebs, radgan Tavdacvis
departamentis zogierTi zesaidumlo operacia tabu dadebulia.
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos mier Tavdacvis dazvervis saagentos
TanamSromlebis
momzadebis
aucilebloba
gamoiwvia
TanamSromlebis
agenturuli saqmianobisTvis arasakmarisi momzadebis donis gamovlinebam.

Centraluri sadazvervo saagentos saswavlo bazaze ukve aqtiurad

mimdinareobs Tavdacvis dazvervis saagentos saidumlo operaciebis
qvedanayofis (Defense Clandestine Service) kadrebis momzadeba. Swavlebis Semdeg
mzvervebi praqtikebs gaivlian: avRaneTSi, eraySi da afrikisa da laTinuri
amerikis krizisul qveynebSi. Semdgom perspeqtivaSi dagegmilia Tavdacvis
dazvervis saagentos samxedro sadazvervo informaciis mompovebel wamyvan
rgolad gardaqmna. aSS-Si moqmedebs 2012 wlis ianvarSi miRebuli dokumenti
saxelwodebiT aSS-is globaluri liderobis SenarCuneba: 21-e saukunis
Tavdacvis prioritetebi Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21 Century
Defense. Tavdacvis departamentis am strategiul dokumentSi aRniSnulia,
rom amerikas bolo 65 wlis ganmavlobaSi wamyvani pozicia ekava
saerTaSoriso sistemis gardaqmnisas.
amerikis
Tavdacvis
departamentis
SefasebiT
CineTis
saxalxo
respublikis gaZlierebam xangrZliv perspeqtivaSi SeiZleba zegavlena
moaxdinos amerikis ekonomikasa da usafrTxoebaze. pentagoni azia-wynari
okeanis regionSi qmnis Rrmad konspirirebul sadazvervo struqturebs. 2007
wels CineTis mier satelit sawinaaRmdego raketis cdebis Catareba
pentagonisTvis Sokismomgvreli iyo. Tavdacvis dazvervis saagentos
analitikur moxsenebebSi safuZvlianad aRiniSneboda, rom aSS-CineTis
konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi, CineTi SeZlebs aSS-is satelituri saTvalTvalo
da kavSiris sistemebis mwyobridan gamoyvanas. CineTi aqtiurad xvewavs
eleqtronuli omis warmoebis meTodebs. kontinentTaSoriso balistikuri
raketis dunfen-41 warmatebuli cdis Semdeg vaSingtoni gansakuTrebiT
Relavs, radgan dunfen-41 tipis raketas Tavisuflad SeuZlia miaRwios
aSS-is continents. partnioruli urTierTobebi daamyara CineTma laTinuri
amerikis qveynebTan. CineTidan aqtiurad miedineba samxreT amerikaSi
sxvadasxva tipis SeiaraReba, romlis safasuric miliardobiT dollars
Seadgens.
safrTxis Semcvelad iTvleba amerikis SeiaraRebul ZalebSi iranis
faqtoric. TeiranSi mimdinare birTvuli programa uaxloes momavalSi
birTvuli iaraRis SeqmniT dasruldeba. aSS-is armiis yofilma generalleitenantma frenk kirnim Tavis erT-erT moxsenebaSi aRniSna, rom iranTan
omi arsebul problemas ver gadawyvets. misi azriT, iranis birTvul
obieqtebze taqtikuri dartymebi ver gaanadgurebs birTvul arsenals,
aramed droebiT Seaferxebs birTvuli kvlevebis process: uazrobaa
taqtikuri qmedebebiT iranis inteleqtualuri resursis ganadgurebis imedis
qona. iranze Tavdasxma, mxolod droebiT Seasustebs arsebul xelisuflebas
da ramdenime wliT ukan gadaisvris birTvul proeqts, magram es qmedeba
iranelebs ufro met stimuls micems daasrulon birTvuli proeqti. aSS-is
Tavdasxmis Semdeg iranis mTeli mosaxleoba mxars dauWers saxelmwifoSi
gabatonebuli Teokratiuli xelisuflebis mier nomer pirvel mtrad
gamocxadebul aSS-ze birTvuli Tavdasxmis ideis ganxorcielebas. riskis
faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebis Semdeg gadawyda isev Tavdacvis dazvervis
saagentos ZalebiT emoqmedaT, romlis umTavresi misiaa destabilizaciis
gamowveva
iranSi
gavlenis
agentebis
gamoyenebiT.
iranis
sakiTxis

warmatebulad mogvarebis SemTxvevaSi Tavdacvis dazvervis saagento

aimaRlebs prestiJs kongresis winaSe, radgan senatorebi skeptikurad arian
ganwyobili Tavdacvis dazvervis saagentos saqmianobisadmi. isini aRniSnaven,
rom
qveynisTvis
ufro
sasargeblo
iqneba
Tu
pentagoni
naklebi
danaxarjebiT moitans sargebels.
aSS-is sagareo politikis da samxedro istoriis eqsperti, sagareo
urTierTobebis sabWos mkvlevari maqs buti, Tavdacvis departamentis
dazvervis
saagentos
rekomendaciiT
mimarTavs:
sistema
gasanTavisuflebelia biurokratiuli fenisgan, SecvaleT xelmZRvaneloba
da daiqiraveT niWieri da Wkviani adamianebi dazvervis rigebisTvis, SearCieT
iseTi kadrebi, romlebic icnoben sxvadasxva qveynebis kulturas da floben
ucxo enebs. aRniSnuli reformebiT SesaZlebeli iqneba ufro efeqturi da
moqnili sistemis amoqmedeba.

Tavdacvis departamentis kontrdazvervis samsaxuri

pentagonis qvedanayofi CIFA (Counterintelligence Field Activity) Seiqmna 2002 wlis
19 Tebervals Tavdacvis departamentis mdivnis direqtiviT. misi ZiriTadi
daniSnulebaa: Zalovani struqturebis dacva, potenciuri safrTxeebis
mxileba, qveynis SigniT samxedro obieqtebze da samxedro mosamsaxureebze
teraqtebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT kontrteroristuli modelebis
SemuSaveba.
CIFA-s struqtura Sedgeba:
-

direqtori
kontrdazverviTi safrTxeebis Sefasebis gaerTianebuli sammarTvelo
kontrdazvervis gaerTianebuli analitikuri jgufi
samxedro kontrdazvervis informaciuli sistemis sammarTvelo
kontrdazvervis gaerTianebuli saswavlo akademia
samxedro kontrdazvervis operatiuli mxardaWeris jgufi

CIFA-s funqciebia:
-

efeqturad marTos da gaakontrolos Tavdacvis departamentis

kontrdazvervis saqmianoba
Tavdacvis
departamentis
kontrdazvervis
saqmianobis
erovnuli
dazvervis Tanamegobrobis saqmianobasTan koordinaciaSi moyvana
Tavdacis
departamentis
SeiaraRebuli
nawilebis
sardlobis
moTxovnebidan gamomdinare prioritetuli kontrdazverviTi aqciebis
ganxorcieleba
kontrsadazvervo
operatiuli
meTodebis
SemuSaveba,
Semdgomi
ganviTareba da maTi dazvervis TanamegobrobisTvis xelmisawvdomobis
uzrunvelyofa
samsaxuri zrunavs Tavdacvis kontrdazvervis kadrebis karierul
ganviTarebaze da amisaTvis atareben specialur treningebs
savele
pirobebSi
safrTxis
gamovlineba
da
identificireba
specialuri teqnologiuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT
SeimuSavebs SeTanxmebul da erTian midgomas kontrdazvervis mimarT,
rogorc dazvervis specifikuri disciplinisadmi
Seafasos
Tavdacvis
departamentis
kontrdazvervis
operatiuli
elementebis SesaZleblobebi

kontrdazvervis
operatiuli
departamentis
programebi
mkacrad
gasaidumloebulia.
CIFA-s
saqmianobaze
warmodgena,
rom
Segveqmnas,
sakmarisia gavecnoT eqskluziur masalebs, romelic aSS-s qveiTi jarebis
dazvervis yofili analitikosis viliam arkinis gankargulebaSi aRmoCnda.
masalebis
mixedviT,
kontrdazvervis
qvedanayof
CIFA-s
yvela
samarTaldamcavi organoebis arqivebsa da dokumentebze miuwvdeba xeli,
metic, dazvervis samsaxurebis mier mopovebul informaciasac ki flobda.
arkini aRniSnavs, rom CIFA-s aseTi SesaZleblobebis Sedegad qvedanayofi

avtomaturad gaafarToebs monitorings yvela tipis potenciur safrTxeze

sakuTari Tavis sruli konspiraciis dacviT.
2005 wlis noemberSi Washington Post-ma gaavrcela cnoba, rom TeTri saxlis
gadawyvetilebiT, kontrdazvervis operatiul departments meti uflebamosileba eqneboda Tavisi saqmianobis Sesasruleblad. aSS-s Tavdacvis
departamentis iniciativiT momavalSi CIFA-s kompetenciaSi Sevidoda Semdegi
tipis faqtebis gamoZieba: samxedro da ekonomikuri SpionaJi, saxelmwifos
Ralati, ucxo qveynis dazvervis samsaxurebis an teroristebis mxridan
sabotaJis faqtebi.
gadawyda,
rom
nacionaluri
usafrTxoebis
saagento,
dazvervis
centraluri saagento da gamoZiebis federaluri biuro moTxovnis
Sesabamisad gadascemdnen CIFA-s monacemebs aSS-s im moqalaqeebis Sesaxeb,
romlebsac nebismieri tipis kavSiri aqvT ucxoeTis dazvervis an sxva tipis
specsamsaxurebTan. pentagonis mtkicebiT aseTi tipis qmedebiT, aRniSnul
SemTxvevaSi ar irRveva adamianTa uflebebi, radgan aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi
saqme exeba erovnul interesebs da saxelmwifo uSiSroebas.
Tavdacvis departamentis aRniSnulma gegmebma uflebaTa damcvelebis
protesti gamoiwvia. saqme imaSi gaxlavT, rom Tavdacvis departamentis
qveynis SigniT saqmianoba reglamentirebulia 1878 wlis Serifis sagangebo
uflebebis kanonis mier. amerikis armias moqmedebis ufleba eZleva qveynis
sazRvrebs gareT, qveynis SigniT igi moqmedebs mxolod sagangebo
situaciebis dros.
sazogadoebrivi
organizaciebi
pentagons
adanaSaulebdnen
kanonis
darRvevaSi da adamianTa uflebebis xelyofaSi. sazogadoebriv wreebSi
vnebaTa Relvis Cawynarebis mizniT aSS-s kongresis Tavdacvisa da dazvervis
sakiTxTa specialuri komiteti mudmivad anxorcielebs aSS-s dazvervisa da
kontrdazvervis specialuri samsaxurebis monitorings, igi maqsimalurad
cdilobs maTi qmedebebis kanonmdeblobasTan SeTavsebas, xolo kanonis
darRvevis faqtebis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi maT aRmofxvras.
2008 wlis agvistos TveSi gamocxadda, rom CIFA ixureboda, xolo mis
bazaze iqmneboda Tavdacvis departamentis axali samsaxuri kontrdazvervisa
da dazvervis centri (Defense Counterintelligence and Human Intelligence Center).
2012 wels Tavdacvis mdivanma leon panetam da erovnuli dazvervis Sefma
jeims klaperma axali samsaxuris Seqmnis Sesaxeb ganacxades. Tavdacvis
departamentis saidumlo samsaxuri (Defense Clandestine Service) Tavdacvis
departamentis dazvervis saagentos nawilia, romelic gamocdili samxedro
kadrebiTaa dakompleqtebuli. saidumlo samsaxuri centralur sadazvervo
saagentosTan mWidro TanamSromlobiT sadazvervo aqciebs atarebs: CineTis,
iranis, erayis da avRaneTis teritoriaze.

nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagento (NSA)

aSS-s nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagento (NSA) Seiqmna 1952 wlis 4
noembers. saagentos Stab-bina mdebareobs fort midSi, merilendis StatSi.
aRniSnuli specsamsaxuri aris erT-erTi prioritetuli rgoli aSS-s
specsamsaxurebs Soris da yvelze gasaidumlovebulia, mas Sav oTaxsac
uwodeben. saagento warmoadgens teqnikuri dazvervis sammarTveloTa
erTobliobas, romelic moRvaweobs radio-eleqtronul, kriptografiisa da
informaciis dacvis xaziT. saagento uzrunvelyofs im tipis informaciis
usafrTxoebas da mopovebas, romelic, radio-lokaciur komunikaciebsa da
kompiuterul qselSi cirkulirebs. saagentos struqtura ierarqiulad aris
mowyobili:
saagentos
direqtori,
direqtoris
pirveli
moadgile,
direqtoris moadgile operatiul sakiTxebSi, direqtoris moadgile
teqnikur sakiTxebSi, direqtoris moadgile informaciuli sistemebis
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi.
saagentos
SemadgenlobaSi
funqcionirebs
ramdenime
romlebsac gansazRvruli aqvT konkretuli funqcia da misia:

sammarTvelo,

1. radio-eleqtronuli sadazvero operaciebis sammarTvelo, romelic

Sedgeba sami informaciis mompovebeli da ori damxmare jgufisgan.
informaciis
principiT:

mompovebeli

jgufi

dakompleqtebulia

geografiuli

jgufi <A> - pasuxismgebelia ruseTis federaciis da yofili varSavis

xelSekrulebaSi Semavali qveynebis Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebaze.
jgufi <B> - amuSavebs informacias, romelic exeba CineTs, CrdiloeT
koreas, vietnams da sxva aziur socialistur saxemwifoebs.
jgufi <G> - pasuxismgebelia sxva danarCen strategiul, Tu meore
xarisxovan saxelmwifoTa Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebaze.
1960 wlidan moyolebuli jgufi <G> akontrolebs da aanaalizebs aSS-Si
Semavali da gamomaval saerTaSoriso radiosignalebs. 1972 wels jgufi <G>s Stati Sedgeba 1244 samoqalaqo pirisgan da 600 samxedro oficrisgan.
radio eleqtronuli sadazvero operaciebis sammarTvelos kontrolis qveS
imyofeba damxmare qveganyofilebebi <C>da<W>.
pirveli ganyofileba
sadazvervo informaciis kompiuterul damuSavebas eweva, xolo meore
ganyofileba koordinacias uwevs satelituri Tanamgzavrebix saSualebiT
warmoebuli mosmenebis da gaSifvris Sedegad miRebuli saidumlo
informaciis mopovebis process.
2. saagentos komunikaciebis dacvis sammarTvelo cnobilia, rogorc
organizacia <S>. aRniSnuli sammarTvelo saSifri mowyobilebebiT amaragebs
aSS-s yvela saxelmwifo dawesebulebas da agreTve akontrolebs aSS-s

dazverviT
TanamegobrobaSi
Semaval
telekomunikaciur sistemaTa qsels.

uwyebaTa

kompiuterul

da

3. saagentos SemadgenlobaSi funqcionirebs teqnikur mecnierebaTa kvlevis

sammarTvelo. aRniSnuli sammarTvelos kvlevis sfero mravalferovania,
isini srulyofen saiudumlo radiosignalebis mopovebis meTodebs, mraval
doniani Sifrebis gatexvas da aseve informaciis daSifvrasa da kodirebas.
sammarTvelo Sedgeba oTxi ganyofilebisgan:
a. maTematikuri kvlevebis ganyofileba sxvadasxva teqnikuri specialuri
saSualebebiT aumjobesebs kriptoanalizs.
b. radiosignalebis mompovebeli specaparaturis Semqmneli da teqnikuri
aRWurbis ganyofileba, awarmoebs teqnikas, romelic radiosignalebis
mopovebas da maT analizs axdens.
c. kriptografiuli danadgarebis ganyofileba, romelic amuSavebs da
aumjobesebs
damSifravi
danadgarebis
tipebs,
romelic
SemdgomSi
globaluri komunikaciebis dacvisTvis gamoiyeneba.
d. kompiuteruli
sferos ikvlevs.

teqnikis

ganyofileba

eleqtro-gamomTvleli

teqnikur

4. metad sainteresoa saagentos saidumlo sammarTvelo, romelic teqnikuri

mowyobilebebis (e.w. JuCokebis) da sasignalo danadgarebis montaJsa da
regulirebas eweva globaluri maStabiT.
Nnacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentos kadrebi specialur saswavlo kurss
gadian aSS-s
kriptografiis
nacionalur
skolaSi. Aamave
skolaSi
specialur momzadebas gadian, aSS-s sxva specsamsaxurebis kadrebi da
pentagonis oficrebi.
Nnacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentos saidumlo mosasmeni obieqtebi
msoflios TiTqmis yvela wertilSia ganlagebuli. es obieqtebi ZiriTadad
raime kvleviTi an kosmosuri samecniero centris safarqveS moqmedebs da
sinamdvileSi sruliad sxva misias asrulebs. obieqtebze muSaoben eqspertTa
jgufebi, romelic Sedgeba: logistikis sferos specialistis, lingvistis,
analitikosis
da
kibernetikuli
teqnologiebis
eqspertisagan.
maTi
umTavresi misiaa flobdnen informacias yvela prioritetuli sakiTxis
Sesaxeb da winaswar gaTvalon mosalodneli safrTxeebi, romlebic raime
saxiT zians miayenebs maTi qveynis nacionalur usafrTxoebas.
saagentos TanamSromelTa saerTo Stati 120 000 kacisgan Sedgeba. Ooci
aTasidan ocdaoTx aTasamde saagentos TanamSromeli centralur aparatSi
muSaobs, xolo danarCeni TanamSromlebi, ZiriTadad, samxedro pirebi
msaxuroben msoflio maStabiT arsebuli saagentos bazebsa da sainformacio
dazverviT sadgurebze, romelTa ricxvi ramdenime aTass aRwevs. aRniSnuli
stacionaluri sadgurebis garda saagento Tavisi misiis Sesasruleblad
iyenebs
samxedro
sazRvao
Zalebis
mzverav
gemebs.
nacionaluri

usafrTxoebis saagentos gankargulebaSia

Zalebi da sazRvao aviacia.

aseve

aSS-s

samxedro

sahaero

aSS-s prezidentma barak obamam gansakuTrebiT aRniSna Tavis erT-erT

gamosvlaSi, rom specsamsaxurebis roli saxelmwifos ganviTarebaSi metad
didia. aSS-s mTavroba marTlac uzarmazar Tanxebs xarjavs dazvervis
Tanamegobrobis produqtiuli moRvaweobisTvis xelis Sesawyobad. aSS-s
specsamsaxurebis maRla ukve moyvanil biujets Tu gadavxedavT vnaxavT, rom
yovel wels misi raodenoba SesamCnevad izrdeba ramdenime miliardiT wina
wlebTan SedarebiT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom aSS-s specsamsaxurebis biujetidan 8 miliardamde aSS
dolari nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentos ganekuTneba. saagentos
biujeti ar aris fiqsirebuli da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, konkretuli
prioritetuli misiebis da saidumlo proeqtebis Sesasruleblad mas
damatebiT Tanxebic gamoeyofa.
faruli mosmenebi da video gadaReba marTlac, rom yvela qveynis
specsamsaxuris aucilebeli atributia da amerikis aRniSnul saagentos am
saqmeSi marTlac, rom wamyvani adgili ukavia msoflioSi. specsamsaxurebis
operatiul-agenturuli muSaoba specialuri teqnikis gamoyenebis gareSe
warmoudgenelia. operatiul-teqnikuri uzrunvelyofisa da specteqnikis
danayofs evaleba operatiuli da sagamoZiebo samsaxurebis dakveTiT
daafiqsiron nebismieri saxis telekomunikaciuri kavSiri (telefonebi,
faqsi, el-fosta) farulad SeaRwion binebsa da ofisebSi da mosasmeni da
saTvalTvalo aparatura daamontaJon.
nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentos sainformacio bazas warmoadgens
e.w sadguri eSeloni eleqtronuli SpionaJis globaluri sistema. es aris
centri, sadac miedineba msoflios eleqtronul sivrceSi arsebuli
aucilebeli informacia, Semdeg etapze informacia gadis filtracias, xdeba
misi klasifikacia da arqivSi Senaxva, xolo saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
amoqmedeba. eSeloni ukavSirdeba kosmosSi moqmed asobiT satelitur
antenas,
romlebic
warmoadgenen
erTgvar
sainformacio
wyaros
eSelonisTvis. aRniSnuli termini gamoyenebaSia 1980 wliadn. eSelonis
oficialuri istoria iwyeba 1947 wels rodesac aSS-s da ingliss Soris
daido saidumlo xelSekruleba (UKUSA) usafrTxoebis sferoSi, romlis
mixedviTac am orma saxelmwifom gaaerTianes TavianTi sadazvero potencia
globaluri SpionaJis warmoebis mizniT. mogvianebiT am xelSekrulebas
SeuerTda: kanada, avstralia da axali zelandia, xolo Semdeg Crdilo
atlantikuri aliansis sxva wevri saxelmwifoebic.
eSelonis mTavari sadguri mdebareobs aSS-s strategiuli mokavSiris
da partnioris teritoriaze (menviT hilze) did britaneTSi. eSelonis
srulyofilad funqcionirebis mizniT masze muSaobs, rogorc dedamiwis
zedapirze arsebuli teqnikuri kompleqsebi, agreTve asobiT kosmosuri
satelituri antenna da aTobiT wyalqveSa gemi. wyalqveSa gemebis misiaa

sakomunikacio kabelebze
informaciis damuSaveba.

mosasmeni

teqnikis

damontaJeba

da

miRebuli

aSS-s nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentos metad sapasuxismgeblo misia

daekisra 2001 wlis 11 seqtembris katastrofuli movlenebis Semdeg. aSS-s
sadazvervo Tanamegobroba aqtiurad ibrZvis XXI saukunis safrTxis,
globaluri terorizmis winaaRmdeg. partniori qveynebis specsamsaxurebTan
erTad isini aqtiurad atareben prevenciul antiteroristul aqciebs, Tumca
aRsaniSnavia, rom am struqturaSi bolomde gaxsnili TanamSromloba da
urTierToba SeuZlebelia. teqnikur dazvervaSi swored saidumlo mimoweras
da kriptografiis meTodebis ganviTarebas eTmoba yvelaze didi yuradReba.
kriptografia warmoiSva berZnuli sityvebidan kriptos faruli da
grafo wera, anu faruli wera. es aris mecniereba informaciis dafarvis
Sesaxeb. kriptografia ganixileba, rogorc maTematikisa da kompiuteruli
mecnierebebis ganayofi da mWidrod dakavSirebulia mecnierebis iseT
dargebTan, rogorebicaa informaciis Teoria, kompiuteruli usafrTxoeba da
inJineringi. dResdReobiT igi gamoiyeneba teqnologiurad ganviTarebul
sferoebSi, rogoricaa: sakredito baraTebi, kompiuteruli parolebi,
eleqtronuli komercia da sxva.
kriptografiuli sistema gulisxmobs 2 an met monawiles, gamgzavns da
mimRebs, romelTac surT erTmaneTs gadascen raime saxis informacia, ise
rom am sistemis gareSe pirma ver SeZlos daSifruli informaciis gageba.
informaciis saxecvlileba ise, rom dafarul iqnas misi azri, Sifracias
uwodeben, ukuprocess-deSifracias, miRebul Sedegs-Sifroteqsts, xolo
Sifracia/deSifraciis algoriTms Sifrs. es procesi damokidebulia
gasaRebze. es aris saidumlo parametric, romelic cnobilia mxolod
urTierTmokavSire mxareebisaTvis. Sifrebi gasaRebis gareSe usargebloa,
Tumca
arsebobs
maTi
gatexvis
mravali
xerxic.
kriptografiuli
protokolebi warmoadgenen wesebis erTobliobas, romlebic sruldeba
kriptografiuli sistemis monawileebis mier, TanmimdevrobiT da upirobod.
termini kodi kriptografiaSi aRniSnavs Cveulebrivi teqstis nawilis
Secvlas koduri sityviT an fraziT, risi kargi magaliTi mocemulia
oldriC eimsis mier suk-Tan kontaqtisTvis Sedgenil saidumlo werilSi.
kodebi seriozul kriptografiaSi aRar gamoiyeneba, radgan misi gamoyeneba
moiTxovs monacemTa gadacemamde mokavSireTa Soris yvela SesaZlo monacemi
Sesabamisi sityvebiT kodirebuli da urTierTSeTanxmebuli iqnas. amave dros
yovelTvis arsebobs monacemTa simravle, romelTaTvisac Sesabamisi koduri
sityva jer ar SeTanxmebula. Sifrebi ufro mosaxerxebelia da amave dros
ufro misadagebuli kompiuterul gamoTvlebTan.
Tanamedrove
eramde,
kriptografia
gamoiyeneboda
SetyobinebaTa
saidumloebis dasacavad, teqstis gardaqmniT simboloebis garkveul
nakrebad ise rom ukugardaqmna ioli yofiliyo mxolod Setyobinebis
adresatisaTvis. ukanasknel aTwleulebSi kriptografiam iseTi funqciebi

SeiZina, rogorebicaa: Setyobinebis mTlianobis Semowmeba, auTentifikacia,

cifruli xelmowera, piradobis Semowmeba, saidumlo gamoTvlebi da sxva.
Sifris klasikuri tipebia gadanacvlebadi Sifri (teqstSi xdeba
simboloebis garkveuli gadaadgileba) da Canacvlebadi Sifri (teqstSi
xdeba erTi simbolos an simboloebis jgufis sxvebiT Secvla). Canacvlebadi
Sifris pirveli cnobili magaliTia iulius keisaris Sifri, romelSic
laTinuri anbanis yoveli aso icvleboda misgan marjvniv 3 poziciiT
dacilebuli simboloTi.
klasikuri SifrebiT damuSavebuli teqsti (Sifroteqsti) yovelTvis
Seicavda garkveul statistikur informacias, rac saSualebas iZleoda
sawyisi teqstis aRdgenisa. IX-e saukuneSi arabi maTematikosis mier
sixSiruli analizis aRmoCenis Semdeg, aseTi Sifrebis gatexva gacilebiT
ioli gaxda. 1467 wels italielma leon batista albertim gamoigona
polialfabeturi Sifri, romliTac teqstis sxvadasxva nawili sxvadasxva
SifriT
iSifreboda.
manve
gamoigona
pirveli
meqanikuri
damxmare
mowyobiloba (e.w. Sifro borbali). vigeneris polialfabetur SifrSi
gamoiyeneboda paroli, romelic gansazRvravda imas Tu teqstis romeli
simbolo Sifris romeli simboloTi unda Secvliliyo. 1800 wels bebijma
daamtkica, rom aseTi tipis poliakfabeturi Sifrebic eqvemdebareboda
garkveul sixSirul analizs. miuxedavad imisa, rom sixSiruli analizi
sakmaod mZlavri saSualebaa kriptoanalizisaTvis, is mainc SedarebiT
ucnob meTodad rCeboda. am meTodis gareSe Sifris gatexva moiTxovda
Sifris algoriTmis codnas, risi mopovebac SpionaJiT, moqrTamviT da
gamoZalviT xerxdeboda. XIX saukuneSi dadginda, rom Sifris algoriTmis
saidumlod Senaxva, Sifris daculobis garanti ar aris da rom Sifri
daculi unda rCebodes maSinac ki rodesac mowinaaRmdege srulad flobs
gamoyenebuli Sifris algoriTmis Sesaxeb informacias. ZiriTadad idealuri
Sifris daculoba damokidebuli unda iyos Sifris gasaRebis (parolis)
daculobaze.
kriptografiis
es
fundamenturi
principi
pirvelad
Camoayaliba 1883 wels avgust kerhofma (kerhofis principi), SemdgomSi es
principi ganavrco klod Senonma mteri icnobs sistemas.
kriptografiaSi mravali xelsawyo da meqanizmi iqna gamoyenebuli.
cnobili magaliTia Zvel saberZneTSi spartelebis mier gamoyenebuli Rvedi,
gadanacvlebadi SifrisaTvis. polialfabetur SifrebTan erTad gamoCnda
albertis Sifris diski, tritemiusis sqema da jefersonis cilindrebi.
ramdenime Sifracia-deSifraciis mowyobiloba gamoyenebuli iqna XX
saukunis dasawyisSi, maT Soris rotoruli manqanebi. maTgan yvelaze
cnobili, enigma, germanelebis mier gamoyenebul iqna II msoflio omSi. am
manqanebma kardinalurad gazarda kriptoanalizis sirTule.
kompiuterebis gamoCenam SesaZlebeli gaxada Seqmniliyo gacilebiT
rTuli da daxvewili Sifrebi. SesaZlebeli gaxda daSifruliyo yvelanairi
monacemi
binarul
formatSi.
kompiuteruli
Sifrebi
umeteswilad
manipulireben bitebze an bitebis jgufebze, gansxvavebiT klasikuri
polialfabeturi Sifrebisagan, romlebic teqstis calkeul simboloebs

amuSavebdnen. amave dros gaadvilda Sifrebis kriptoanalizi. miuxedavad

amisa, Tanamedrove Sifrebi monacemebis dacvis maRal dones uzrunvelyofen,
maTi kriptoanalizis gziT gatexva imdenad kolosalur gamoTvliT da
droiT resursebs moiTxovs, rom praqtikulad SeuZleblad miiCneva.
intensiuri Ria kvlevebi kriptografiis dargSi 1970-iani wlebidan daiwyo,
es iyo DES-is (Data Encryption Standard) gamoqveynebuli specifikaciebi, difihelmani da RSA algoriTmi. mas Semdeg intensiurad daiwyo kriptografiis
gamoyeneba komunikaciebSi, kompiuterul qselebsa da mTlianad kompiuterul
usafrTxoebaSi.
Tanamedrove
kriptografiuli
sistemebis
daculoba
damokidebulia
garkveul
maTematikur
problemebze,
mag.
ricxvis
faqtorizacia,
diskretuli
logariTmebi
da
elipsuri
mrudeebi.
damtkicebulia,
rom
aseTi
kriptografiuli
sistema
daculia,
Tu
maTematikuri problemis efeqturad da mokle droSi gadaWra SeuZlebelia.
gamonaklisia erTjeradi bloknoti, ar arsebobs misi gatexvis Teoriuli
gza da warmoadgens idealur kriptografiul algoriTms.
Tu XX saukunemde kriptografia ZiriTadad manipulirebda simboloebze
da iyenebda lingvistikis elementebs, XX saukunidan xdeba maTematikis
intensiuri gamoyeneba, informaciis Teoriis, statistikis, kombinatorikis,
abstraqtuli algebris da ricxvTa Teoriis CaTvliT. kriptografiaSi
fiqsirdeba kvanturi fizikis elementebis Semotanac. aRniSnuli elementebi
kvantur kriptografiasa da kvantur gamoTvlebTanaa dakavSirebuli.
arsebobs simetriuli kriptografia, romelic iyenebs meTodebs, romlis
drosac informaciis gamgzavni da mimRebi iyeneben erTsa da imave gasaRebs
(iSviaTad sxvadasxva, magram am SemTxvevaSi erTi gasaRebi iolad
gamoiTvleba meoridan). 1976 wlamde es Sifraciis erTaderTi meTodi iyo.
Tanamedrove simetriuli kriptografia dakavSirebulia ZiriTadad blokur
SifrebTan, nakadur SifrebTan da maT gamoyenebasTan.
blokuri Sifri warmoadgens faqtobrivad polialfabeturi Sifris
modifikacias: aiReba sawyisi teqstis garkveuli sigrZis nawili (bloki) da
gasaRebi,
Sedegad
miiReba
igive
(iSviaTad
gansxvavebuli)
sigrZis
Sifroteqsti.
Sifroteqstis
Semadgeneli
blokebis
erTmaneTTan
SerwymisaTvis gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva meTodebi, romlebsac mTlianobaSi
qmedebis reJimi ewodebaT. monacemTa Sifraciis standarti (Data Encryption
Standard - DES) da gaumjobesebuli Sifraciis standarti (Advanced Encryption
Standart - AES) warmoadgenen blokur Sifrebs. DES da misi nairsaxeoba 3 DES
jerac rCeba erT-erT yvelaze popularul algoriTmad da farTod
gamoiyeneba, Tumca misi gasaRebis sigrZis arasakmarisobis gamo, xdeba misi
Canacvleba sxva, ufro Tanamedrove algoriTmebiT. dRemde gamogonilia
mravali
blokuri
Sifri,
maTi
umetesoba
gatexilia
warmatebuli
kriptoanalizis Sedegad.
nakaduri Sifri qmnis ganusazRvreli sigrZis gasaRebs, romelic Semdgom
uerTdeba sawyis informacias. gamomavali informacia damokidebulia Sifris
gasaRebze, zogierT nakadur SifrSi teqstzec.

kriptografiuli
heS-funqciebi
(teqstis
anabewdis
funqciebi)
warmoadgenen kriptografiuli algoriTmebis mniSvnelovan klass. isini
iReben sawyis mniSvnelobad teqsts da ukan abruneben fiqsirebuli sigrZis
heSs, romlis dakavSireba sawyis mniSvnelobasTan problemas warmoadgens.
aseT funqciebs calmxriv funqciebsac eZaxian. saukeTeso algoriTmebisaTvis
koliziebi (ori teqsti, romelTa heSi erTi da igivea) rTuli mosaZebni unda
iyos da amis albaToba minimumamde unda iyos dayvanili. heSirebis funqcia
emsaxureba imas rom ufro Cqara moxdes monacemis identificireba.
Setyobinebis
auTentifikaciis
kodebi
heS-funqciebis
msgavsia,
im
gansxvavebiT, rom heS-mniSvnelobis Sesamowmeblad gamoiyeneba saidumlo
gasaRebi.
simetriuli kriptografia iyenebs 1 gasaRebs SifraciisaTvis da
deSifraciisaTvis. am meTodis upirveles nakls gasaRebis marTvis
aucilebloba warmoadgens. qselSi yovel sxvadasxva wyvils uwevs iqonios
calke gasaRebi, rac wyvilTa raodenobis gazrdisas gasaRebebis raodenobis
kvadratuli proporciiT gazrdas iwvevs. or mokavSire mxares Soris
gasaRebis gacvla, maSin roca jer ar arsebobs daculi sakomunikacio arxi
(gasaRebis gacvla unda moxdes farulad, farulad gacvla iTxovs
daSifrvas, daSifrva Tavis mxriv Txoulobs gasaRebis gacvlas da Semdgom
amoqmedebas).
1976 wels uitfild difim da martin helmanma warmoadgines asimetriuli
kriptografia-kardinalurad gansxvavebuli koncefcia, romelSic gamoiyeneba
ori sxvadasxva, magram maTematikurad erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli gasaRebiRia da faruli gasaRebebi. amave dros faruli gasaRebis miReba Ria
gasaRebidan moiTxovs kolosalur gamoTvliT resursebs. asimetriul
kriptografiaSi Ria gasaRebi SeiZleba yvelasaTvis cnobili iyos, amave
dros faruli gasaRebi saidumlod unda darCes. tipiur SemTxvevaSi faruli
gasaRebi gamoiyeneba Sifraciis dros, xolo Ria gasaRebi deSifraciis
dros, difim da helmanma aseve warmoadgines difi-helmanis gasaRebis
gacvlis protokoli. 1978 wels kriptografebis jgufma ronald rivestis,
adi Samiris da len edlmanis SemadgenlobiT Seqmnes meore asimetriuli
kriptosistema RSA. difi-helmanis da RSA algoriTmebi dRes farTod aris
gavrcelebuli. arsebobs aseve ramdenime sxva kriptosistema, romelic Ria
gasaRebis konferencias iyenebs. Sifraciis garda asimetriuli kriptografia
cifruli xelmowerebisaTvisac gamoiyeneba. cifruli xelmowera Cveulebriv
xelmoweras imiT waagavs, rom misi mflobelisaTvis misi Seqmna da gankargva
martivia, xolo ucxo pirisaTvis misi dublireba SeuZlebeli.
cifruli xelmowerebi gamoiyeneba 2 algoriTmSi: 1) xelmowera, sadac
faruli gasaRebi gamoiyeneba teqstis an teqstis heSis SifraciisaTvis. 2)
Semowmeba, sadac Ria gasaRebis meSveobiT xdeba deSifracia, mowmdeba
teqstis heSi da amdenad teqstis mTlianoba da xelmoweris namdviloba. RSA
da
DSA warmoadgenen cifruli
xelmoweris
yvelaze gavrcelebul
algoriTmebs da farTod gamoiyeneba iseT protokolebSi, rogorebicaa:
SSL/TSL, VPN da sxva. Ria gasaRebis kriptosistemebi dafuZnebulia Zneli

problemebis gamoTvliT sirTuleze. magaliTad RSA emyareba ricxvis

faqtorizaciis problemas (anu didi ricxvis daSlas martiv mamravlebad),
xolo difi-helmanis algoriTmi efuZneba diskretuli logariTmebis
problemas. aseTi sistemebis umetesobaSi intensiurad gamoiyeneba moduliT
gamravleba da daxarisxeba, Sesabamisad gacilebiT meti gamoTvliTi
simZlavrea saWiro, vidre simetriul sistemebSi. Amitom Ria gasaRebis
kriptosistemebi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba, rogorc hibriduli sistemebi, sadac
informaciis Sifracia/deSifraciisaTvis gamoiyeneba swrafi simetriuli
algoriTmebi, xolo misi gasaRebis marTvisa da gadacemisaTvis gamoiyeneba
SedarebiT neli asimetriuli algoriTmebi.
rac Seexeba kripto analizs misi umTavresi amocanaa ipovos susti
wertilebi kriptografiul sistemaSi, raTa SeZlos am sistemiT daculi
informaciis mopoveba. kriptoanalizi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas, rogorc
borotganmzraxvelis mier, aseve kriptosistemis Semqmnelis mier am
sistemaSi naklis aRmosaCenad (gacilebiT iolia sistemis naklis povna,
vidre misi srulyofilebis damtkiceba). farTod gavrcelebuli da amave
dros mcdari azria is, rom nebismieri Sifris gatexva SesaZlebelia sasrul
droSi. II msoflio omis periodSi klod Senonma daamtkica, rom Sifris
gatexva Teoriulad SeuZlebelia, Tu misi gasaRebi namdvilad SemTxveviTia,
ar meordeba, teqstis sigrZis toli an metia da daculia pirdapiri
wvdomisagan sxva pirebisgan. am pirobebs mxolod e.w. erTjeradi bloknoti
akmayofilebs. sxva Sifrebi, garda am Sifrebisa SeiZleba gatydes e.w. uxeSi
Zalis meTodiT (miuxedavad misi droisa). amave dros Sesabamisi gamoTvlebis
odenoba eqsponenciurad damokidebulia gasaRebis sigrZeze. Sistema
daculad iTvleba, Tu am gamoTvlebis odenoba aRemateba nebismieri
mowinaaRmdegis SesaZleblobebs, amave dros Tu ar arsebobs gatexvis sxva
meTodi, romelic ufro swrafi iqneboda vidre uxeSi Zalis meTodi.
dResdReobiT erTaderT Teoriulad gautexel Sifrad erTjeradi bloknoti
rCeba. arsebobs kriptoanalizis ramdenime tipi, ZiriTadi gansxvaveba maT
Soris aris mowinaaRmdegisaTvis cnobili informaciis odenoba da saxe, ris
safuZvelzec xdeba Semdegi analizi. cnobili Sifroteqstis SemTxvevaSi
kriptoanalitikoss xelT aqvs mxolod daSifruli informacia. cnobili Ria
teqstis SemTxvevaSi kriptoanalitikoss aqvs Sifroteqsti da misi Sesabamisi
teqsti, magram ar aqvs gasaRebi. arCeuli teqstis SemTxvevaSi analitikoss
SeuZlia TviTon SearCios teqsti da miiRos misi Sesabamisi Sifroteqsti.
arCeuli
Sifroteqstis
SemTxvevaSi
analitikoss
SeuZlia
SearCios
Sifroteqstebi da Seiswavlos maTi Sesabamisi teqstebi.
simetriuli kriptosistemebis kriptoanalizi blokur an nakadur
SifrebSi gatexvis ufro efeqturi meTodebis povnas emsaxureba, vidre
gasaRebebis simravlis ubralo gadarCeva, anu uxeSi Zalis meTodia.
magaliTad uxeSi Zalis meTodi DES algoriTmis winaaRmdeg moiTxovs 1
cnobil teqsts da 256 deSifraciis operacias. amave dros wrfivi
kriptoanalizi moiTxovs 243 cnobil teqsts da 243 Sifracias, rac uxeSi
Zalis meTodTan SedarebiT win gadadgmuli nabijia.

asimetriuli algoriTmebi romelime maTematikuri problemis gaTvliT

sirTules emyareba, maT Soris yvelaze cnobilia ricxvis mamravlebad
daSlis problema, aseve diskretuli logariTmebis problema, maTi
kriptoanalizis meTodebi moicavs ramdenime metnaklebad efeqtur ricxviT
meTods am problemebis gadasaWrelad. magaliTad elipsuri mrudeebis
problemis amoxsnas saukeTeso algoriTmiT gacilebiT meti dro esaWiroeba
vidre eqvivalenturi sirTulis ricxviT faqtorizebas Sesabamisi saukeTeso
algoriTmiT, amitom bolo xanebSi elipsur mrudeebze dafuZnebulma
kriptosistemebma
sul
ufro
meti
popularuloba
moipova.
wminda
kriptoanalizi
iyenebs
algoriTmebis
sisusteebs
maSin
rodesac
SesaZlebelia kriptosistemaze Seteva ganxorcieldes sxva kuTxidanac,
magaliTad kriptoanalitikosma SesaZloa moipovos fizikuri wvdoma
Sifraciis mowyobilobaze da miiRos damatebiTi informacia analizisTvis,
Sifraciis
operaciisaTvis
saWiro
dro,
gatarebuli
informaciis
struqtura an Sualeduri monacemebi. arsebobs socialuri inJineria, rac
gulisxmobs informaciis mopovebas TviTon adamianebisgan, visac aqvT wvdoma
kriptosistemaze, iqneba es SantaJiT, daSinebiT, moqrTamviT, SpionaJiT Tu
sxva. SesaZloa es yvelaze efeqturi meTodi aRmoCndes yvela danarCen
meTodTan SedarebiT.
centraluri
usafrTxoebis
samsaxuri
samxedro
kriptografiul
Tanamegobrobas uzrunvelyofs drouli kriptografiuli mxardaWeriT,
uziarebs Tavis gamocdilebas, codnas da mis xelT arsebul kvalificiur
informacias. CSS aris rgoli, romelic xels uwyobs nacionaluri
usafrTxoebis saagentosa da SeiaraRebuli Zalebis kriptografiul
elementebs Soris koordinirebul TanamSromlobas. CSS
anviTarebs
kriptografiul
struqturebs
Soris
srulyofili
TanamSromlobis
meTodebs, xelmZRvanelobs dazvervis signalebs da informaciuli misiebis
usafrTxoebas.
CSS Seiqmna 1972 wels prezidentis direqtiviT. CSS xelmZRvanelobs
nacionaluri
usafrTxoebis
saagentos
direqtori.
centraluri
usafrTxoebis
samsaxurs,
nacionaluri
usafrTxoebis
saagentosgan
gansxvavebiT ar hqonda sakuTari emblema. 1996 wels, nacionaluri
usafrTxoebis saagentos direqtorma da amavdroulad CSS xelmZRvanelma
general-leitenantma keneT a. minihanma moiTxova samsaxurisTvis SeeqmnaT
ganmasxvavebuli emblema, romelic warmoadgenda centraluri usafrTxoebis
samsaxurs, oRond aRniSnavda mas rogorc nacionaluri usafrTxoebis
saagentoSi Semaval struqturas. imave wels SemuSavda da miRebul iqna
emblema, romelic Sedgeba da asaxavs xuTi kriptografiuli samsaxuris
komponents: aSS-is flotis kiber sardloba, sazRvao qveiTTa dazvervis
departamenti, aSS-is armiis dazvervisa da usafrTxoebis sardloba, aSS-is
sahaero Zalebis dazvervis, faruli zedamxedvelobisa da rekognoscirebis
saagento da sanapiro dacvis dazvervis qvedanayofi, CSS emblemis SuaSi
varskvlavze ganTavsebulia nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentos niSani,
romelic marTavs da xelmZRvanelobs teqnikuri dazvervisa da sadazvervo
signalebis mopovebis sferoSi warmoebul specaqciebs.

geosivrciTi dazvervis erovnuli saagento

geosivrciTi dazvervis ZiriTadi funqcia da misia warmoadgens samxedro
da saxelmwifos oficialuri sferoebisTvis specifikis mixedviT saWiro
kosmosuri
gamosaxulebiTi
dazvervis
mier
mopovebuli
foto
da
kartografiuli informaciis miwodeba. aRniSnuli saagento aSS-s dazvervis
Tanamegobrobis sistemaSi Sedis. saagentos devizia: `SeicaniT dedamiwa~,
`giCvenebT gzas~, `gaigeT msoflio~.
geosivrciTi dazvervis saagentos TanamSromelTa
raodenoba 16 aTass
Seadgens, xolo biujeti dRemde gasaidumloebulia, Tumca logikuri
analizis Semdeg rTuli misaxvedri ar aris, rom kosmosuri proeqtebis
gansaxorcieleblad ramdenime aTeul miliardiani biujetia saWiro.
geosivrciTi dazvervis Stab-bina 2011 wlamde ganlagebuli iyo beTesdaSi,
virjiniaSi, xolo Semdeg gadavida belvoirSi, feirfaqsis sagrafoSi,
virjiniaSi, saagentos axali Stab-bina vaSingtonSi sxva saxelmwifo
Senobebs Soris me-3 adgilzea sididiT, misi farTi 214000 kvadratul metrs
Seadgens, xolo iseTi maRalia, rom aSS-s Tavisuflebis qandakeba SeiZleba
ganTavsdes. saagento TeTri saxlis miTiTebiT CarTuli iyo ben ladenis
ganadgurebis specoperaciaSi saxelwodebiT `neptunis samkapi~. geosivrciTi
dazvervis saagento aRniSnuli specoperaciis msvlelobisas uzrunvelyofda
specdaniSnulebis razmebs da dazvervis samsaxurebs specialuri taqtikuri
da strategiuli informaciiT.
geosivrciTi dazvervis saagento ramdenime specialuri samsaxuris
samarTalmemkvidrea, romlebic ZiriTadad aSS-s SeiaraRebuli ZalebisTvis
saWiro kartografiuli masalebis momzadebaze iyvnen orientirebulni.
adreul periodSi geosivrciTi dazvervis saagentos funqciebs asrulebdnen
Semdegi samsaxurebi:
-

1961 wels aSS-s prezident duait eizenhaueris gankargulebiT Seqmnili

gamosaxulebiTi fotoebis gamSifravi erovnuli centri (National
Photographic Interpretation Center, NPIC). NPIC-i centraluri sadazvervo
saagentos mecnierebisa da teqnologiebis direqtoratis qvedanayofi,
romelic specializirdeboda gamosaxulebebis damuSavebaze.

1972 wlis 1 ianvars Seqmnili samxedro kartografiuli sammarTvelo

(Defense Mapping Agency, DMA), romelic anxorcielebda aSS-s yvela tipis
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis rukebis Semdgeneli qvedanayofebis marTvas.

DMA da NPIC centrebi arsebobdnen 1990 wlis Sua periodamde, ukve XX

saukunis bolosaTvis amerikis dazvervis Tanamegobrobis xelmZRvanelobam
gadawyvita aRniSnuli ori samsaxuris reorganizacia da erTian saagentod
gardaqmna. 1995 wlis 28 noembers aSS-s Tavdacvis mdivanma uiliam perim,
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos direqtorma jon deiCma, Stabis
xelmZRvanelebis gaerTianebuli komitetis Tavjdomarem generalma jon
SalikaSvilma aSS-s kongress mimarTes iniciativiT, romliTac amerikel
kanonmdeblebs
sTxovdnen
kidev
erTi
sadazvervo
struqturis,

`gamosaxulebiTi da kartografiuli informaciis erovnuli saagentos~

(National Imagery and Mapping Agency, NIMA) Seqmnaze Tanxmobas. erTwliani
ganxilvis Semdeg saagentos koncefciam mowoneba daimsaxura da 1996 wlis 1
oqtombers saagento muSaobas Seudga.
aRniSnuli saagentos struqturas Seerwya Semdegi samsaxurebi:
-

samxedro kartografiuli sammarTvelo

gamosaxulebiTi informaciis centraluri samsaxuri
TavdacviTi informaciis gavrcelebis samsaxuri
fotogadaRebebis gaSifrvis erovnuli centri

gamosaxulebiTi da kartografiuli informaciis erovnuli saagentos

personalis
nawili
gadavida
Tavdacvis
departamentis
sadazvervo
saagentodan, samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervisa da samxedro sahaero dazvervis
samsaxuridan. 2003 wlis 24 noembers gamosaxulebiTi da kartografiuli
informaciis erovnul saagentos gadaerqva saxelwodeba da Tavisi
specifikuri saqmianobis aRsaniSnavad ewoda geosivrciTi dazvervis
erovnuli saagento (National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency). 2001-2006 wlebSi
rodesac saagentos jeims klaperi xelmZRvanelobda, saagentos saqmianobis
ZiriTadi
aqcentebi
da
prioritetebi
gadatanili
iyo
konkretul
strategiul obieqtebze dakvirvebis warmoebaze da ara globaluri
dazvervis warmoebaze.
miuxedavad imisa, rom organizaciulad geosivrciTi dazvervis saagento
aSS-s Tavdacvis departamentis struqturaSi Sedis, misi direqtori
emorCileba, rogorc Tavdacvis mdivans ise centraluri sadazvervo
saagentos direqtors. saagentos pirveli direqtori kontr-admirali jozef
denton umcrosi (Joseph J. Dantone) gaxldaT. saagentoSi daniSvnamde jozef
dentoni xelmZRvanelobda aSS-s samxedro sazRvao Zalebs, monawileobda
samSvidobo operaciaSi somaliSi. 2010 wlis 9 agvistodan saagentos
xelmZRvanelobs liticia longi. saagento asaqmebs profesionalebs iseTi
samecniero mimdinareobebidan rogorebic aris: aeronavtikis analizis,
kartografiis, geosivrciTi analizis, gamosaxulebebis analizis, flotis
analizis,
fizikis
mecnierebebis,
geodeziis,
kompiuteruli
da
telekomunikaciebis inJineriis da fotografiis sferoSi, agreTve erovnuli
usafrTxoebisa da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebis eqspertebs.
saagentos xelmZRvanels hyavs sami moadgile:
-

direqtoris pirveli moadgile

aRmasrulebeli direqtori
teqnikuri direqtori

metad strategiuli funqciis mqonea saagentos Stabi, Stabis struqtura

vrcelia da is Semdeg rgolebs Seicavs:
-

generaluri mrCevlis ganyofileba

generaluri inspeqtoris ganyofileba

saerTaSoriso politikis ganyofileba

protokolis ganyofileba
saerTo sakiTxTa ganyofileba
Tanabar samsaxureobriv SesaZleblobaTa ganyofileba
komerciuli ganyofileba
sadazvervo amocanebis dasaxvis centraluri ganyofileba
sardlobis centri
samdivno

saagentos StabSi mudmivad mivlinebulia samxedro-kosmosuri erovnuli

sammarTvelos
warmomadgeneli,
geosivrciTi
dazvervis
saagentos
direqtoris
specialuri
TanaSemwis
rangSi.
saagento
Sedgeba
rva
direqtoratisagan, romelTagan sami ZiriTadi, xolo xuTi damxmare
direqtoratia.
ZiriTadi direqtoratebia:
-

analizis da informaciis warmoebis direqtorati

Sesyidvebis direqtorati
inovaciis direqtorati

damxmare direqtoratebia:
-

finansuri direqtorati
sakadro resursebis direqtorati
sainformacio samsxurebis direqtorati
Sida usafrTxoebisa da dadgenili operaciebis direqtorati
saswavlo-Teoriuli direqtorati

geosivrciTi dazvervis erovnul saagentoSi moqmedebs specialuri

saswavlo-kvleviTi dawesebuleba, gamosaxulebiTi da kartografiuli
disciplinebis Semswavleli erovnuli koleji, romelic kvalificiur
kadrebs amzadebs geosivrciTi, kerZod kartografiuli da gamosaxulebiTi
dazvervis sferoSi. kolejis Sesaxeb yvelanairi informacia mkacrad aris
gasaidumloebuli.

samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisi

samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisi amerikis dazvervis
Tanamegobrobis
kosmosuri
dazvervis
programebis
ganxorcielebazea
pasuxismgebeli. samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisi Seiqmna 1961
wlis 6 seqtembers, misi Stab-bina Cantile, virjiniaSia ganlagebuli.
aRniSnuli saagentos SeqmniT gaerTianda: samxedro sahaero Zalebis,
samxedro sazRvao Zalebis, qveiTi jarebis, Tavdacvis departamentis
dazvervis saagentos da centraluri sadazvervo saagentos interesebi da
prioritetebi teqnikuri da kosmosuri dazvervis sferoSi. samxedrokosmosuri
dazvervis
erovnuli
ofisis
Camoyalibebis
periodSi
eqspluataciaSi ukve Sesuli iyo fotodazvervis sateliti KH-2, romelic
1959 wels iyo gaSvebuli kosmosSi. proeqti `disqaveri~ konspiraciis mizniT
samoqalaqo kosmosuri teleskopuri aparatis legendiT SeiniRba.
erovnuli
usafrTxoebis
saagentos
msgavsad,
samxedro-kosmosuri
dazvervis erovnuli ofisis arsebobac xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi
gasaidumloebuli iyo. mxolod 1971 wlidan mcire doziT Cndeba aSS-s
presaSi informacia, rom amerikaSi arsebobda kosmosuri dazvervis
specsamsaxuri. 1992 wlis 18 seqtembers aSS-s oficialurma pirebma
daadastures samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisis arseboba da
misi aSS-s erovnuli usafrTxoebisTvis strategiuli mniSvnelobis faqti.
samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis ofisis direqtori iniSneba Tavdacvis
departamentis xelmZRvanelis mier erovnuli dazvervis direqtorTan
erToblivi gadawyvetilebis da SeTanxmebis safuZvelze kongresis Tanxmobis
gareSe. ofisis direqtori swored maRla aRniSnuli ori pirovnebis winaSea
angariSvaldebuli. samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis direqtori amavdroulad
Tavisi statusiT aris samxedro sahaero Zalebis xelmZRvanelis TanaSemwe
kosmosuri sistemebis marTvis sakiTxebSi. kosmosuri dazvervis ofiss
sadazvervo
davalebebs
da
prioritetuli
informaciebis
moZiebis
mimarTulebebs ganusazRvraven: erovnuli dazvervis direqtoris ofisi
(kontrteroristuli
centri)
da
centraluri
sadazvervo
saagento.
samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisis da misi direqtoris
amdagvari rTuli statusi aixsneba imiT, rom kosmosuri dazvervis
erovnuli ofisi uwyebaTaSoris organizacias warmoadgens. organizaciis
mosamsaxureebis Stati kompleqtdeba centraluri sadazvervo saagentosa da
Tavdacvis departamentis personalis mier Semdegi wesiT: samxedro sahaero
Zalebi,
centraluri
sadazvervo
saagento,
erovnuli
usafrTxoebis
saagento, samxedro sazRvao Zalebi da saxmeleTo jarebi. samxedrokosmosuri dazvervis ofisi saqmianobisas mWidrod TanamSromlobs geosivrciTi dazvervis erovnul saagentosTan.
samxedro-kosmosuri
daqvemdebarebaSi aris:
-

dazvervis

ofisis

direqtoris

uSualo

Tanabari
samsaxureobrivi
SesaZleblobebis
uzrunvelyofis
ganyofileba: iseve, rogorc aSS-s sxva uwyebebSi akontrolebs, rom

kosmosuri dazvervis ofisis TanamSromlebi ar gaxdnen raime saxis

diskriminaciis msxverplni.
generaluri
inspeqtori:
atarebs
disciplinur
Semowmebebs
da
awarmoebs samsaxureobriv gamoZiebebs.
generaluri mrCeveli: direqtoris iuridiuli mrCeveli
ufrosi mrCeveli rekrutirebis sakiTxebSi: direqtoris mrCeveli
kadrebis SerCevisa da Semdgomi daniSvnis sakiTxebSi
aRmasrulebeli TanaSemwe
samxedro TanaSemwe
aRmasrulebeli oficeri
samdivno
saCivrebis ganxilvis ganyofileba

samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisis direqtors ramdenime

moadgile hyavs:
-

direqtoris pirveli moadgile

direqtoris moadgile resursebis, zedamxedvelobis da marTvis
dargSi
direqtoris moadgile erovnuli mxardaWeris sferoSi: pasuxismgebelia
sadazvervo informaciis momxmarebel, ZiriTadad qveynis politikur
xelmZRvanelobasTan urTierTobaze.
direqtoris moadgile samxedro mxardaWeris sferoSi: pasuxismgebelia
sadazvervo informaciis momxmarebel, ZiriTadad qveynis umaRles
samxedro xelmZRvanelobasTan urTierTobaze.
direqtoris moadgile sistemuri ganviTarebis sakiTxebSi
samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisis Stabis meTauri

samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisis Stabi mniSvnelovani da

vrceli rgolia, romelSic Sedis Semdegi ganyofilebebi:
-

kontrdazvervis ganyofileba
Sida usafrTxoebis ganyofileba
kontraqtebis ganyofileba
istoriuli kvlevebis ganyofileba
politikuri ganyofileba
protokolis ganyofileba
saerTo komunikaciebis ganyofileba
kosmosSi gamSvebi proeqtebis ganyofileba

samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisis struqturis ZiriTadi

nawili Sedgeba oTxi direqtoratisa da sami ganyofilebisgan:
-

radioeleqtronuli dazvervis sistemebis Sesyidvisa da eqspluataciis

direqtorati
komunikaciis sistemebis Sesyidvebisa da eqspluataciis direqtorati
gamosaxulebiTi dazvervis sistemebis Sesyidvebisa da eqspluataciis
direqtorati
axali sistemebisa da teqnologiebis direqtorati

mmarTveli
samsaxurebis
da
specoperaciebis
ganyofileba:
pasuxismgebelia samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli ofisis
elementebis centralizirebuli saqmianobis koordinaciaze
saerTo operaciebis ganyofileba: pasuxismgebelia samxedro-kosmosuri
dazvervis operaciebis teqnikur uzrunvelyofaze: satelitebis gaSveba,
diagnostika da sainformacio teqnologiebze zedamxedveloba
operatiuli mxardaWeris ganyofileba: pasuxismgebelia ofisis mier
mopovebuli
sadazvervo
informaciis
momxmareblebTan
TanamSromlobaze

samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis ofisi dafinansebas iRebs, rogorc aSS-s

dazvervis biujetidan ise samxedro biujetidanac. geo-sivrciTi dazvervis
erovnuli
saagentosagan
gansxvavebiT
samxedro-kosmosuri
dazvervis
zogierTi wlis biujeti cnobilia: 1971 wels wliuri biujeti 1 miliard
aSS dolars Seadgenda, 1994 wels wliuri biujeti iyo 6 miliardi aSS
dolari, xolo Semdeg wlebSi kosmosuri dazvervis ganviTarebis mizniT
biujeti izrdeboda da ukve 2010 wlisTvis sainformacio wyaroebis
mtkicebiT savaraudod 15 miliardi aSS dolari iyo. kosmosuri dazvervis
samsaxurebi aqtiurad TanamSromloben NASA-sTan da sxva samecniero
kvleviT institutebTan.
KeyHole tipis satelituri antenebi aSS-s samxedro wreebma teqnikuri
dazvervis ganxorcielebis mizniT 1960-iani wlebidan gauSves orbitaze.
aRniSnul periodSi ZiriTadi teqnikuri problema iyo gadaRebuli firis
kosmosidan momxmareblamde miwodeba. sawyis etapze informaciis miReba
xorcieldeboda orbitidan gadmosrolili konteineris atmosferoSive
specTviTmfrinavis
gamoyenebis
gziT.
aRniSnuli
sqema
1972
wlamde
gamoiyeneboda. KH-11 ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) tipis satelituri antenebis
amoqmedebisTanave aSS-s dazverva gadavida eleqtronul sistemaze, amieridan
satelitebis mier miRebuli suraTi maT Soris infrawiTeli speqtris
gamosaxulebebi
orbitidan
radiotalRebis
saSualebiT
igzavneboda
specialur mimReb sadgurebze. aucilebeli moTxovnebi iyo orbitidan
gadaRebuli gamosaxulebebis maRali xarisxi, rac samxedro kartografebs
arsebuli viTarebis rukebze zustad gadatanis saSualebas aZlevda.

specialuri operaciebis sardloba

specialuri operaciebis sardloba aSS-s SeiaraRebuli Zalebis cxra
erTiani sabrZolo sardlobidan erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesia Tavisi
samxedro strategiiT da sagangebo operaciebis Catarebis specifikuri
meTodebiT. mis SemadgenlobaSi gaerTianebulia: armiis qveiTi jarebis,
sahaero
Zalebis,
sazRvao
flotisa
da
sazRvao
qveiTi
korpusis
specdaniSnulebis razmebi.
aSS-s specialuri operaciebis sardloba Seiqmna 1987 wlis 16 aprils.
sardlobis Stab-bina ganlagebulia aSS-s samxedro sahaero Zalebis bazaze
`makdil `MacDill qalaq tampasTan axlos, floridaSi.
1980 wels iranSi aSS-s saelCoSi myofi tyveebis ganTavisuflebis mizniT
ganxorcielebuli specoperaciis `arwivis klanWi~ Cavardnam SeaSfoTa
amerika, am faqts udidesi rezonansi mohyva. aRniSnul faqtze ramdenime
weli mimdinareobda gamoZieba amerikis senatis Tavdacvis sakiTxebis
komitetSi. aRniSnuli specialuri operaciis Cavardnis mizezebis Ziebisa
daxangrZlivi kvleviTi muSaobis Sedegad daido komitetis daskvna da
rekomendaciebi sadac senatis komiteti mouwodebda Tavdacvis departaments
specialuri
daniSnulebis
razmebis
calke
struqturul
erTeulad
gamoyofaze erovnuli Tavdacvis erTiani struqturis farglebSi.
amerikeli eqspertebis mtkicebiT arsebuli specdaniSnulebis razmebis
mTavari nakli iyo
maTi arakoordinirebuli da
dezorganizebuli
SeuTanxmebeli qmedeba, ar arsebobda erTiani xedva da problemis realuri
Sefaseba, ris gamoc specialuri operacia `arwivis klanWi~ Tavidanve
marcxisTvis iyo ganwiruli. 1987 wels aSS-s prezidentma ronald reiganma
moiwona senatis daskvna-rekomendaciebi da 1987 wlis 16 aprils Seiqmna
specialuri operaciebis sardloba. elitur razmebs unda gaevloT
damatebiTi wvrTnebi da gansakuTrebuli specaqciebis dros saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi maT koordinacias warmarTavda aSS-s prezidenti an Tavdacvis
mdivani.
2001 wlis 11 seqtembris teroristul aqtamde specialuri operaciebis
sardloba ZiriTadad aSS-s ucxoeTSi moqmedi saelCoebis mier warmoebuli
mniSvnelovani misiebis ganxorcielebas uzrunvelyofdnen, 9/11-is Semdeg
specialuri operaciebis sardloba Caeba saerTaSoriso terorizmis
winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.
aSS-s
Tavdacvis
departamentis
warmomadgenlebis
gansazRvrebiT
specialuri operaciebis sardloba Seiqmna, gaiwvrTna da aRiWurva
specifikuri davalebebis Sesasruleblad da politikuri, ekonomikuri Tu
fsiqologiuri tipis miznebis misaRwevad, romlebic pirdapir kavSirSi
iqneboda aSS-s politikur interesTan sxvadasxva regionebSi. aRniSnuli
sardlobis
Zalebi
mudmiv
mzadyofnaSi
arian
Seudgnen
davalebis
Sesrulebas rogorc mSvidobian ise omis periodSi damoukideblad an sxva
samxedro
SenaerTebTan
erTad.
specialuri
operaciebis
sardlobis

mobiluri Zalebi gamoiyeneba konfliqtur regionebSi im SemTxvevaSi,

rodesac didi sajariso nawilebis amoqmedeba politikuri TvalsazrisiT
miuRebelia. aqedan gamomdinare specialuri operaciebis sardloba gamodis
erTgvari Stabis rolSi, romelic pasuxismgebelia sardlobis sistemaSi
arsebuli specrazmis yvela operaciaze. specialuri operaciebis sardlobas
SeuZlia SeimuSaos da koordinireba gauwios, rogorc globalur
operaciebs ise calkeuli specialuri daniSnulebis razmebis damoukidebel
operaciebs.
specialuri operaciebis sardlobis saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebia:
-

masobrivi ganadgurebis iaraRze kontroli da misi gavrcelebis

winaaRmdeg brZola
terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZola
ucxoeTis qveynebSi saxelmwifoebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa
strategiuli dazverva
uSualod sabrZolo moqmedebebi
fsiqologiuri operaciebi
aratradiciuli sabrZolo moqmedebebis warmoeba
sainformacio omis warmoeba
samaSvelo-samZebro operaciebis warmoeba
humanitaruli daxmarebis gaweva
samoqalaqo administraciasTan Tanamoqmedeba
narkotikuli saSualebebis gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg brZola

specialuri operaciebis sardlobis piradi Semadgenloba Seadgens 58 000.

specialuri operaciebis sardlobis samxedro mosamsaxureTa daaxloebiT 85% specialur operaciebs atareben ucxoeTSi, magaliTad sardloba
pasuxismgebelia axlo aRmosavleTis 20 qveyanaSi arsebul viTarebaze. 2010
wlis monacemebiT specdaniSnulebis razmebi ama Tu im doziT amoqmedebuli
iyo msoflios 75 qveyanaSi. specdaniSnulebis razmebis regularuli
nawilebi da rezervi mudmivad aris dislocirebuli aSS-s teritoriaze. is
specdaniSnulebis razmebi, romlebic imyofebian ucxoeTis teritoriaze
emorCilebian regionaluri Stabis mTavarsardals. aSS-s specialuri
operaciebis sardlobis nawilebi da qvedanayofebi mSvidobian periodSi
emorCilebian Statebis im gubernatorebs, romeli Statis teritoriazec
arian ganlagebuli.
specialuri
operaciebis
Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:
-

sardlobis

organizaciuli

struqtura

meTauri
meTauris moadgile
meTauris moadgile mobilizaciisa da rezervebis sakiTxebSi
Stabis ufrosi
meTauris mxardaWeris centri
specialuri operaciebis centri
sainformacio qselebisa da komunikaciebis centri

organizaciuli struqturis, resursebis da strategiuli Sefasebis

centri
Sesyidvebisa da teqnikur-materialuri uzrunvelyofis centri
ganaTlebisa da perspeqtiuli ganviTarebis centri

centraluri aparatis piradi Semadgenloba 2500 samxedro da samoqalaqo

mosamsaxurisgan Sedgeba. specialuri operaciebis sardlobis meTauri
xelmZRvanelobs aRniSnul sardlobaSi Semaval specialuri daniSnulebis
razmebs. meTauri gaxlavT oTx varskvlaviani generali an admirali,
romelsac niSnavs aSS-s prezidenti senatis TanxmobiT.
meTauris funqciebSi Sedis:
-

koncefciebis, strategiis da taqtikis SemuSaveba, ris mixedviTac

Semdeg moqmedeben elituri razmebi
specoperaciebis
sardlobis
biujetis
SemuSaveba,
wardgena
da
ganxilva
specialuri operaciebis sardlobis ganviTarebisa da dafinansebis
sakiTxebSi
rekomendaciebis
momzadeba
da
maTi
SeTavazeba
pentagonisTvis
saerTo xarjebze kontroli
specialuri operaciebis marTva da maT xarisxze kontroli
sardlobis
nawilebis
da
danayofebis
sabrZolo
momzadebis
organizeba da piradi Semadgenlobis individualuri momzadeba
specialuri operaciebis ratifikacia anu maTTvis kanonieri saxis
micema
specialuri Zalebisa da saSualebebis operatiuli moqmedebisa da
urTierTSeTavsebis uzrunvelyofa
specialuri operaciebisas dazverviTi xasiaTis moqmedebebis sxva
uwyebebTan erTad Catarebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb ganacxadis
formulireba
oficerTa kadrebis profesionalur da samsaxureobriv zrdaze
kontroli
daqvemdebarebuli specZalebis mudmiv sabrZolo mzadyofnaSi yola
regionalur meTaurebze daqvemdebarebuli Zalebis mzadyofnis donis
monitoringi
specialuri teqnikis, SeiaraRebis, aRWurvilobis da sxva resursebis
Sesyidvebis
marTva,
romelic
aucilebelia
specoperaciebis
Casatareblad.

specialur
operaciaTa
sardlobas
aqvs
`erToblivi
specialuri
operaciebis
universiteti~,
romelic
gaxlavT
umaRlesi
saswavlo
centraluri dawesebuleba da aSS-s specoperaciebis sardlobis mTavari
komponenti. igi uzrunvelyofs sxvadasxva donis samxedro da samoqalaqo
specialistebis momzadebas, agreTve aRniSnul umaRles saswavlebelSi
specialuri programiT swavlebas gadian umaRlesi rangis oficrebi da
sardlebi. universiteti daarsda 2000 wels, amJamad ganlagebulia sahaero

baza `makdil~-ze, floridaSi, 2011 wlamde universiteti ganlagebuli iyo

sahaero baza `harlbert fildze~ floridaSi.

specialuri daniSnulebis diversiuli-sadazvervo

razmebi
mwvane beretebi, reinjerebi, zRvis lomebi, `delta~ da aSS-s sxva
specdaniSnulebis Zalebi da maTi potenciali msofliosTvisaa cnobili.
samxedro dazvervis nawilebi meore msoflio omis dros xSirad
moqmedebdnen iaponelebisa da germanelebis zurgSi, isini amyarebdnen
kontaqtebs
partizanebTan,
romlebic
moqmedebdnen
nacistebis
mier
okupirebul teritoriebze, wvrTnidnen da xelmZRvanelobdnen mravali
operaciebis Catarebis dros. vietnamTan omis dros bevri dazvervis
centraluri saagentos mebrZoli daiRupa indoCineTSi da maT asaRebdnen
rogorc mwvane beretebad an kerZo pirebad. maT movaleobaSi Sedioda
antikomunisturi moZraobis mxardaWera da mokavSireebis Zebna. analogiur
operaciebs isini atarebdnen iranSi, angolaSi, kubasa da sxvadasxva
qveynebSi. dazvervis centraluri saagentos mebrZolebi wvrTnidnen avRanel
mujahedebs sabWoTa kavSirTan omis dros. bedis ironiiT igive nawilebi
gagzavnes avRaneTSi 2001 wels raTa maT aRmoeCinaT da gaenadgurebinaT ben
ladeni.
yvela
im
konfliqtSi,
romlebSic
monawileobda
amerika,
gamoyenebuli iyo specialuri daniSnulebis danayofebi (US Special Forces).
erTerTi scenariT erayTan omi iTvaliswinebda specdaniSnulebis nawilebis
masiur gamoyenebas, sadam huseinis mosaZebnad da gasaneitraleblad, erayis
armiis sameTauro punqtebis gasanadgureblad da erayis ZiriTadi obieqtebis
Tavis kontrolqveS dasaqvemdebareblad. msgavsi specoperacia maT axlaxans
Caatares avRaneTSi. amas garda specnawilebis mxrebzea kontrteroristuli
operaciebis mTeli simZime. aSS-s specialuri Zalebis zusti raodenoba
ucnobia. samuel sausvortisa da stiven teneris (avtorebi cnobarisa aSS-s
specialuri Zalebi) SefasebiT dReisaTvis aSS-s specialuri Zalebi
msoflioSi saukeTesod momzadebul samxedro Zalas warmoadgens. aSS-s
specdanayofebis moqmedebas, romlebic Sedian sxvadasxva saxeobis jarebSi,
koordinacias uwevs, specialuri operaciebis Stabi (US Special Operations
Command), romelic Seiqmna 1987 wels. TiTqmis yvela danayofs gavlili aqvT
samxedro momzadebis erTnairi sistema, iyeneben erTnair SeiaraRebas da
SeuZliaT Seasrulon sxvadasxva tipis sabrZolo davalebebi. reinjerebis
jgufis Semqmnelma, maiorma robert rojersma (Robert Rogers) SeimuSava 19
mcneba. am mcnebebs dRemde ar daukargavT Tavisi mniSvneloba da gamoiyeneba
aSS-s yvela qvedanayofis momzadebis procesSi. pirveli mcnebaa arasodes
araferi ar daiviwyo. amas garda, mcnebebis CamonaTvalSi Sedis Semdegi
postulatebi: SeamCnie mowinaaRmdege ufro adre, vidre is SegamCnevs Sen,
Tqvi mxolod simarTle, ra naxe da ras akeTebdi, arasodes ar dabrunde
banakSi im gziT, romliTac iqidan wamoxvedi, arasodes ar gadalaxo
mdinare iq sadac yvelam icis rom iq gadasasvlelia, Tuki mowinaaRmdege
giaxlovdeba, arasodes ar daenaxo mas, daixare, daweqi da gairinde
balaxSi.
mwvane beretebis winaprebad iTvlebian amerikul-kanaduri moxaliseTa
brigadebi, romelic Camoyalibda 1942 wels da gaiwvrTna brZolis warmoebis
axali
sistemiT
indielTa
taqtika.
aRniSnuli
razmis
meomrebi

monawileobdnen germaniis winaaRmdeg omSi, Semdeg periodSi maTi rigebi

Seivso da daerqvaT eSmakis brigada (Devils Brigade). Mwvane beretebi ufro
civi omi-s Svilebi arian, Tanamedrove saxiT isini 1952 wels
Camoyalibdnen. maTi ganviTareba dakavSirebuli iyo prezident jon kenedis
koncefciasTan. kenedi Tvlida, rom farToStabiani brZolebi sabWoTa
blokis qveynebTan naklebsavaraudo iyo, aqedan gamomdinare amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebis armiis mSenebloba mimdinareobda partizanuli da
kontr-partizanuli
operaciebis
Casatareblad
dedamiwis
sxvadasxva
wertilebSi. kenedis dros spec-nawilebis raodenoba sagrZnoblad gaizarda.
mwvane beretebma aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes vietnamis omSi, aseve erayTan
da avRaneTTan gamarTul brZolebSi.
mwvane beretebi amerikis SeiaraRebuli Zalebi erT-erT yvelaze
elitarul specdanayofs warmoadgens. maTi specializaciaa amboxebulebisa
da teroristuli jgufebis winaaRmdeg moqmedeba. mwvane beretebi operaciebs
msoflios mraval wertilSi anxorcielebdnen, maT Soris vietnameli
partizanebisa da kolumbieli narkobaronebis winaaRmdeg. maTi devizia
Tavisufleba Cagrulebs. garda samxedro kvalifikaciisa, mwvane beretebi
floben ucxo enebs, maRal doneze ician im qveynis kulturuli da
politikuri Taviseburebebi sadac unda Catardes specoperacia. maT aqvT
ganaTleba diplomatiasa da fsiqologiaSi. amJamad mwvane beretebi
avRaneTSi adgilobriv SeiaraRebul Zalebs wvrTnian, raTa am ukanasknelT
SeeZloT sakuTari qveynis gakontroleba.
aSS-s armiis uZvelesi spec-SenaerTi reinjerebi Tavidan iyo msubuqi
qveiTebis
specialuri
danayofi,
romlebic
brZolebs
awarmoebdnen
indielebTan da frangebTan, reinjerebi iyenebdnen indielTa taqtikas
Casafrebas da uecar Tavdasxmas. dasaxeleba Ranger-s gaaCnia ramdenime
mniSvneloba: mawanwala, egeri, metyeve. 1974 wels Catarda reinjerTa
korpusis reforma, Seicvala struqtura da miznebi, kerZod, reinjerebs
daevalaT strategiuli obieqtebis dacva. 1991 wels erayTan omisas
reinjerebi wvrTnidnen saudis arabeTis jarebs, awarmoebdnen sadazvervo
operaciebs da nadirobdnen erayul saraketo sistema skadze. reinjerebma
aseve aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes avRaneTis antiteroristul operaciebSi.
reinjerTa korpusi cnobilia maTi momzadebis metad rTuli da mZime
meTodebiT: reinjers unda SeeZlos brZola nebismier mowinaaRmdegesTan,
dRe-Ramis nebismier monakveTSi, nebismier klimatur pirobebSi, nebismier
garemoSi.
aSS-s samxedro sahaero Zalebis specdaniSnulebis nawilebi Camoyalibda
1943 wels. maSin amerikelebma Seiswavles britanuli sabZolo gamocdileba,
romlebic brZolobdnen iaponelebTan birmis junglebSi da gadawyvites
SeeqmnaT
analogiuri
spec-nawilebi.
axali
spec-nawilebi
pirveli
instruqtorebi britanelebi iyvnen. mebrZolebi momzadebulni arian raTa
mxardaWera gauwion mfrinavebs. magaliTad, erayTan omis dros 1991 wels,
saxmeleTo specrazmelebma aRmoaCines danaRmuli veli, xolo mfrinavebma
gaanadgures naRmebi. maT aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes avRaneTis operaciebSi.

aSS-s samxedro sazRvao Zalebis specialuri daniSnulebis qvedanayofi,

sazogadoebaSi cnobilia rogorc zRvis lomebi /US Navy Seals, SEAL
sityvasityviT zRvis lomebi an abreviatura SEA Air Land / zRva haeri
miwa. zRvis lomebi mudmiv mzadyofnaSi arian raTa awarmoon brZolebi
nebismier
pirobebSi.
gansakuTrebulad
maT
amzadeben
zRvidan
moqmedebebisTvis. aRniSnuli razmi TavianT daarsebas ukavSirebs 1861 wlis
samoqalaqo oms, rodesc CrdiloeTelebi iyenebdnen mebrZol mocuraveebs,
raTa maT epovnaT da gaenadgurebinaT naRmebi. pirvelad sazRvao Zalebis
specialuri nawilebi oficialurad daarsda 1943 wels ZiriTadad
iaponelebTan sabrZolvelad (am droisTvis iaponelebi ukve farTod
iyenebdnen mebrZol mocuraveebs). zRvis lomebi monawileobas iRebdnen
meore msoflio omis yvelaze sisxlismRvrel brZolebSi, maT Soris cnobil
brZolaSi kunZul ivomZimaze (iaponelebTan) da mokavSireebis desantirebisas
normandiaSi
(germanelebTan).
amJamindeli
saxiT
korpusi
Navy Seals
Camoyalibda 1962 wels, maT naTliad aseve SeiZleba CaiTvalos prezidenti
jon kenedi/ John F.Kennedy. zRvis lomebi monawileobdnen vietnamis, erayisa
da avRaneTis omebSi. Navy Seal swored is qvedanayofia, romelmac bin
ladenis
ganadgurebis
operacia
ganaxorciela.
zRvis
lomebis
aucilebloba jon kenedim SeniSna 1961 wels vietnamSi TandaTan
Rvivdeboda konfliqti, romlis eskalaciis SesaCereblad Cveulebrivi
samxedro taqtika sakmarisi aRar iyo. sil Tim 6 aqtiurad monawileobda
vietnamis konfliktSi. nebraskeli senatori bob keri 1966-1969 wlebSi zRvis
lomebis rigebSi ibrZoda vietnamis omis dros. zRvis lomebsamerikis mier
warmoebuli praqtikulad arc erTi mniSvnelovani samxedro konfliqti ar
gamoutovebiaT erayis orive omi, bosnia, avRaneTi, erayi, agreTve
strategiuli operaciebi grenadasa da panamaSi. bin ladenis mokvlamde
bolo cnobili operacia 2009 wels Caatares, rodesac somaleli
mekobreebisgan gemi gamoixsnes. sil Tim 6 profesionalizmis garda imaTac
aris cnobili, rom gundSi hyavT ZaRli, romelmac sakuTari wvlili
terorizmTan brZolaSi pakistanSi Catarebuli operaciis drosac Seitana.
gavrcelebuli informaciiT germanuli nagazi arc sil Timis wevrebis
prezident obamasTan Sexvedrisas gamoutovebiaT.
aSS-s
specdaniSnulebis
razmi
`delta~
Tavdacvis
departamentis
SemadgenlobaSi funqcionirebs daarsebidan 1977 wlis 21 noembridan dRemde.
`delta~ erT-erTi yvelaze daxuruli specialuri qvedanayofia aSS-s
armiaSi. qvedanayofis ZiriTad movaleobaSi Sedis kontrteroristuli
operaciebis Catareba. 1991 wels erayTan omis dros deltas mebrZolebi
koreqtirebas uwevdnen mokavSireTa cecxls, radio gadamcemebiT. cnobilia
rom delta pirveli Sevida avRaneTSi 2001 wels. `delta~ Tavisi arsebobis
manZilze monawileobda mraval specoperaciasa da saomar moqmedebaSi:
arwivis klanWi iranSi, specoperacia grenadaSi, specoperacia panamaSi,
specoperacia `udabnos fari~ saudis arabeTSi, specoperacia `demokratiis
mxardaWera~ haitize, specoperacia `xangrZlivi Tavisufleba~ avRaneTSi, omi
sparseTis yureSi, erayis omi.

`deltas~ ZiriTadi funqciaa: terorizmTan brZola, erovnuli ajanyebebis

CaxSoba, saidumlo samxedro davalebebi, samaSvelo operaciebi da samxedro
intervenciebi. mas Semdeg rac aSS-sa da zogadad msoflios daemuqra
terorizmis safrTxe aSS-s Tavdacvis maRalCinosanma pirebma miiRes
davaleba SeeqmnaT specialuri daniSnulebis razmi, romelic ibrZolebda
axali safrTxis winaaRmdeg. aSS-s specialuri daniSnulebis razmis yofili
mebrZoli da `mwvane beretebis~ polkovniki Carlz elvin bekviti qveynebs
Soris samxedro sferoSi gamocdilebis gacvlis mizniT TanamSromlobda
didi britaneTis sahaero Zalebis specialuri daniSnulebis qveiT razmebTan
(SAS). bekviti aRfrTovanebuli iyo SAS-is kontrteroristuli taqtikiT da
SesaZleblobebiT. bekvitma gaiara gasaubreba Tavdacvisa da xelisuflebis
maRali Cinis pirebTan, ganumarta maT britaneTis specdaniSnulebis razmis
SAS-is arsi da ganumarta, rom aRniSnuli tipis razmis Seqmnas 24 Tve
dasWirdeboda. `deltas~ Seqmnis Semdeg Carlz elvin bekviti Caudga
saTaveSi.
1980 wels `deltas~ Seqmnidan ramdenime weliwadSi 52 amerikeli aSS-s
saelCoSi TeiranSi tyveobaSi aRmoCnda. specialur jgufs daevala
monawileoba mieRo specoperaciaSi `arwivis klanWi, romlis mizani iyo
qveyanaSi saidumlod SeRweva da tyveebis ganTavisufleba. aRniSnuli
specoperacia Cavarda garTulebuli gegmis da arasakmarisad gawvrTnili
specdaniSnulebis razmis wevrebis arakompetenturobis gamo.
`deltas~ specialuri daniSnulebis razmis piradi Semadgenloba 1000
operatiuli TanamSromlisagan Sedgeba, maTgan 250-s swrafi reagirebis
specialuri momzadebis kursi aqvT gavlili. `deltas~ rigebisTvis
rekrutebs ZiriTadad arCeven aSS-s regularuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebis
specrazmebidan da aSS-s SeiaraRebuli Zalebis reinjerTa 75-e polkidan,
Tumca deltaSi samsaxurod arian sxva sajariso nawilebidan gadasuli
oficrebic.
1990 wels fort bregis gazeTSi `Paraglide daibeWda Semdegi Sinaarsis
gancxadeba: `aSS-s SeiaraRebulma Zalebma Seqmna swrafi reagirebisa da
sagangebo misiebis Sesasruleblad specialuri daniSnulebis razmi,
msurvelebi unda iyvnen mamrobiTi sqesis, minimum 2 weli unda msaxurobdnen
aSS-s SeiaraRebuli Zalebis rigebSi, rangi E-4-dan E-8-de, asaki 21 wlidan
zeviT, SeiaraRebuli Zalebis samxedro profesiuli momzadebis testSi unda
hqondeT reitingi 110 bali da saboloo etapze unda gaiaron gasaubreba,
raTa SemdgomSi iqnen miRebulni razmis rigebSi.
kandidatTa SerCevis sawyisi etapi dafuZnebulia britaneTis SAS-is
modelze. erik heinis wigni `razmi delta Signidan detalurad aRwers
SerCevis process. heini wers, rom kursi iwyeboda standartuli testebiT,
kerZod: Cajdomebi, miwidan aWimva, 4.8 km-ze sirbili. SerCeuli kandidatebi
Semdeg gadiodnen mTel rig davalebebs: 29 kilometrian ucnob distanciaze
orientireba, orientireba Ramis pirobebSi 16 kilogramiani zurgCanTiT.
wvrTnebi sabolood mTavrdeba maSin, rodesac kandidatebi gadian 64
kilometrs
20
kilogramiani
zurgCanTiT
sxvadasxva
tipis
vrcel

teritoriaze. inteleqtualuri testirebis etapi iwyeba fsiqologiuri

gamocdebiT. `deltas~ instruqtorTa sabWos warmomadgeneli, fsiqologTa
gaerTianebuli jgufi da `deltas~ mTavarsardali uamrav kiTxvebs usvamen
kandidats, Semdeg aanalizeben maT pasuxebs da qcevebs, es keTdeba
kandidatis moralurad gamofitvis da misi mdgradobis Semowmebis mizniT.
Semdeg mTavarsardals gamoaqvs verdiqti, miRebulia Tu ara kandidati
`deltas~ rigebSi. SerCevis Semdeg kandidati gadis 6 Tvian specialur
sawvrTnel kurss sadac Seiswavlis kontrterorizmisa da dazvervis
sawinaaRmdego teqnikas. aRniSnuli kursi Seicavs sxvadasxva tipis
cecxlsasroli iaraRis Seswavlas da sacecxle momzadebas. specialuri
aqciebis divizia (Special Activities Division) dazvervis centraluri saagentos
mkacrad
gasaidumloebuli
qvedanayofia,
romlis
elituri
jgufi
specoperaciebis jgufi (Special Operations Group) xSirad iyvans Tavis rigebSi
`deltas~ operatorebs.
`deltas~ operatiuli muSakebi udides dros uTmoben sacecxle
momzadebs, isini dReSi 8 saaTs atareben sasrol poligonze. `deltas~
wevrebs iSviaTad naxavT samxedro formaSi, Cveulebriv maT acviaT
samoqalaqo tansacmeli, rogorc yoveldRiurad ise davalebis Sesrulebis
drosac. es erTgvari konspiraciis meTodia, maSinac ki rodesac `deltas~
wevrebs samxedro forma acviaT araaqvT aranairi ganmasxvavebeli niSani,
gansakuTrebuli simbolo, wodebis niSani an saxeli da gvari. maT Tmebi da
wveri Tavisuflad survilis mixedviT samoqalaqo standartebSi jdeba, raTa
specialuri operaciis msvlelobis dros ar moxdes `deltas~ operatoris
rogorc samxedro specialuri nawilebis mosamsaxuris amocnoba.
aSS-s sazRvao qveiTTa dazverva, US Marine Force Recon elitur samxedro
SenaerTs warmoadgens.
aSS-s sazRvao qveiTTa korpusSi bolo wlebis
monacemebiT msaxurobs 170 000 samxedro mosamsaxure. sazRvao qveiTebi
momzadebulni arian sxvadasxva davalebebis Sesasruleblad, romlebsac
tradiciulad asruleben specdaniSnulebis razmebi. Aamitomac sazRvao
qveiTTa dazvervis nawilebi, iTvlebian elitur SenaerTis elitur
qvedanayofad. pirveli sazRvao qveiTTa dazvervis qvedanayofi Seiqmna meore
msoflio omis mimdinareobisas da ewodebodaT reiderebi/Raiders. 2001 wels
avRaneTis antiteroristuli operaciis dros am danayofis mebrZolebma
daikaves qalaq yandagaris aeroporti, riTac uzrunvelyves mokavSireebis
ZiriTadi Zalebis usafrTxo gadmosxma avRaneTSi.
aSS-s pirveli sahaero-sadesanto polki `US Airborn Seiqmna 1940 wels.
Camoyalibda sabWoTa sahaero-sadesanto nawilebis magaliTze. sainteresoa,
rom amerikelebi iyenebdbeb momzadebis germanul sistemas, radgan Tavidan
sakuTari programa ar gaaCndaT. 2001 wels erayTan omis dros, medesantebi
moulodnelad gadmosxes mtris jarebis zurgSi da akavebdnen ukandaxeul
erayis respublikur gvardias mokavSireTa ZiriTadi Zalebis mosvlamde.M
meaTe samTo divizia/10th Mountain Division aSS-s armiis pirveli batalionia,
romelic momzadda specialurad mTebSi da CrdiloeTis klimatur
pirobebSi sabrZolvelad daarsda 1941 wels. SedarebisTvis franguli

qvedanayofi
alpieli msrolelebi Seiqmna 1830 wels. samTo divizia
aqtiur monawileobas iRebda meore msoflio omis dros, xolo 2001 wels
avRaneTSi ZiriTadad damrtymel Zalas warmoadgenda . am diviziis meomrebi
Tavisuflad
floben
alpinistur
da
saTxilamuro
saqmes,
aseve
gamoqvabulebSi brZolis meTodebs.
aSS-s sanapiros dacvis specialuri qvedanayofi/US Coast Guard Special
Operations Seiqmna 1915 wels da gamoiyeneboda samaSvelo operaciebis
Casatareblad,
sazRvao
portebis
dasacavad
da
kontrabandistebTan
sabrZolvelad. amave davalebis Sesasruleblad isini imyofebodnen yofil
iugoslaviaSi da omis dros sparseTis yureSi 1991 wels. maTi momzadebis
done saSualebas iZleva Caataron samaSvelo operaciebi mRelvare zRvaSi
mxolod akvalangebis daxmarebiT.

specoperacia `neptunis samkapi~

islamisturi teroristuli organizaciis lideris likvidaciis mizniT
Catarebuli specoperacia `neptunis samkapi~ 2011 wlis 2 maiss
aSS-s
prezidentis, barak obamas sanqciiT pakistanSi Catarda. specoperacia
ganxorcielda centraluri sadazvervo saagentosa da kontrteroristuli
specialuri misiebis jgufis `zRvis lomebis~ me-6 danayofis mier, romelic
specialuri operaciebis gaerTianebuli sardlobis struqturis nawilia.
al-qaidam, bin-ladenis sikvdilis faqti 6 maiss daadastura da daimuqra
kidec, rom Surs iZiebdnen lideris likvidaciis gamo. bin-ladenis sikvdili
dadebiTad Sefasda aSS-Si, aRniSnuli qmedeba moiwona gaerTianebuli erebis
organizaciam, Crdilo atlantikurma aliansma, evrokavSirma da sxvadasxva
demokratiuli qveynebis meTaurebma, Tumca am faqtma uaryofiTi reaqcia
gamoiwvia mTel rig radikalur qveynebSi. amerikis qmedeba gaakritika
organizacia `saerTaSoriso amnistiam~, romelmac eWvi Seitana operaciis
msvlelobis da `al-qaidas~ lideris likvidaciis samarTlebriv da eTikur
aspeqtebSi.
mas Semdeg rac 1998 wels aSS-s SeiaraRebulma Zalebma saraketo
dartymebi ganaxorcieles bin-ladenis bazebze avRaneTsa da sudanSi,
organizaciis liderma Sewyvita satelituri da fiWuri kavSiris gamoyeneba,
ramac gaarTula misi adgilsamyofelis aRmoCena. aRniSnuli periodidan
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos gamomZieblebs daevalaT bin-ladenis
kurierTa identifikacia, radgan teqnikuri kavSiris gawyvetis Semdeg
liderebi
speccixeebSi
ganTavsebul
organizaciis
wevrebTan
da
teroristuli qselis sxva aqtiur wevrebTan kavSirs mxolod kurierebis
meSveobiT amyarebdnen. aRniSnuli kavSirebis dasadgenad gatarda mTeli
rigi RonisZiebebi.
eqspertebis azriT 2001 wels avRaneTSi aSS-sa da Crdilo atlantikuri
aliansis jarebis Seyvanis mizezi Talibebis reJimis damxobda da maTTan
mWidro TnamSromlobaSi myofi bin-ladenis devna iyo. 2002 wels kurieris
Ziebis
saqmeSi
CarTuli
gamomZieblebisTvis
sxvadasxva
wyaroebidan
daudasturebeli informaciis mixedviT cnobili gaxda, rom `al-qaidas~
kurieri iyo viRac pirovneba fsevdonimiT abu axmed al-quveiTi. 2003 wels
xalid Seix muhamedma, savaraudod `al-qaidas~ operatiulma meTaurma
dakiTxvebze ganacxada, rom is icnobda al-quveiTis, magram uaryofda im
faqts, rom TiTqos is organizaciis aqtiuri wevri iyo. 2004 wels
dapatimrebulma hasan gulma gamomZieblebs ganucxada, rom al-quveiTi
axlos iyo bin-ladenTan, iseve, rogorc xalid Seih mohamedi da misi
memkvidre abu faraj al-libi. hasan gulma dakiTxvebze ganacxada, rom alquveiTi xangrZlivi periodiT gaqra da ar Canda asparezze, aRniSnulma
informaciam eWvebi aRuZra amerikelebs, rom al-quveiTi bin-ladenTan
imyofeboda. hasan gulis Cvenebebis miuxedavad xalid Seih muhamedma ar
Secvala pirveladi Cveneba. 2005 wels daapatimres abu faraj al-libi,
romelic 2006 wlis seqtemberSi gadaiyvanes guantanamos cixeSi. man
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos warmomadgenlebs ganucxada, rom bin-

ladenis kurieri iyo vinme pirovneba saxelad maulavi abd al-haliki ian,
romelmac uaryo al-quveiTTan raime tipis kavSiri. Seih muhamedis da faraj
al-libis mier al-quveiTis mniSvnelobis dakninebis faqti centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos gamomZieblebs umZafrebda im eWvebs, rom al-quveiTi
bin-ladenis erTguli da daaxloebuli piri gaxldaT.
xangrZlivi operatiuli muSaobis miuxedavad centralurma sadazvervo
saagentom ver moiZia informacia pirovnebaze saxelad maulavi ianze da
mividnen daskvnamde, rom al-libim centraluri sadazvervo saagentos
gamoZiebis procesis xelis SeSlis mizniT gamoigona pirobiTi saxeli. 2010
wels erT-erTi eWvmitanilis saidumlo satelefono mosmenis Sedegad
dadginda, rom terorizmSi eWvmitanilTan mosaubre meore pirovneba alquveiTi iyo. Tavdapirvelad centralurma sadazvervo saagentom daadgina
al-quveiTis adgilmdebareoba, Semdeg al-quveiTis aqtiuri TvalTvalis
ganxorcielebis
Sedegad
aRmoaCines
bin
ladenis
konspiraciuli
TavSesafari. kosmosuri dazvervis saSualebebiT gadaRebulma fotoebma da
dazvervis angariSebma centralur sadazvervo saagentos saSualeba misca
daedgina abotabadSi mdebare saxlis macxovreblebis da vizitiT misuli
pirebis vinaoba, eseni iyvnen `al-qaidas~ qselis warmomadgenlebi. analizis
Sedegad saagentoSi ganacxades, rom yvela faqti miuTiTebda imaze, rom
viwro quCis boloSi ganlagebuli sam sarTuliani saxli specialurad iyo
aSenebuli mniSvnelovani piris gadasamalad. guglis dedamiwis eleqtronul
rukaze Cans, rom 2001 wels aRniSnul adgilze saxli ar idga, magram ukve
2005 wels gadaRebul fotoebze axali Senobaa aRmarTuli. saxli
ganlagebuli
iyo
abotabadis
centridan
4
kilometrSi.
abotabadi
mdebareobs avRaneTis sazRvridan daaxloebiT 160 kilometrSi, xolo
pakistanis
samxedro
akademiidan
1.5
kilometrSi.
bin-ladenis
mier
TavSesafrad gamoyenebuli saxli mezobeli saxlebisgan gansxvavebiT vrcel
miwis nakveTze iyo agebuli da betonis maRal galavanze sagangebod iyo
Semortymuli
ekliani
mavTulxlarTebi.
saxlSi
ar
iyo
internet,
stacionaruli telefonis kavSiri, xolo saxlSi mcxovrebni mezoblebisgan
gansxvavebiT nagavs bunkerSi ki ar yridnen, aramed ezoSi wvavdnen, rac
raTqmaunda did eWvebs badebda.
sadazvervo
informaciis
Segrovebas
da
saxlze
TvalTvals
anxorcielebda centraluri sadazvervo saagento, romelic umniSvnelovanes
rols
asrulebda
specoperaciis
msvlelobisas,
Tumca
erovnuli
usafrTxoebis saagentom, geosivrciTi dazvervis erovnulma saagentom,
erovnuli dazvervis direqtoris ofisma da Tavdacvis departamentma
TavianTi
mniSvnelovani
roli
iTamaSes
aRniSnul
specoperaciaSi.
centraluri sadazvervo saagento abotabadSi konspiraciuli binidan
ramdenime Tve uTvalTvalebda saxls. bin-ladenis sikvdilis Semdeg
konspiraciuli bina dauyonebliv iqna mitovebuli. geosivrciTi dazvervis
erovnulma saagentom efeqturi teqnikuri mxardaWera aRmouCina specialuri
operaciebis gaerTianebul sardlobas. saagentom Seqmna samizne saxlis
(TavSesafaris)
samganzomilebiani
vizualizacia,
Seafasa
misi
macxovreblebis raodenoba, maTi mdebareoba saxlSi da oTaxebis ganlageba,
es informacia metad mniSvnelovania kontrteroristuli specoperaciis

gegmis SemuSavebisas,
ixveweba.

rodesac

taqtikuri

moqmedebis

TiToeuli

detali

2010 wels TavSesafarze Setevis specialuri gegmis Camoyalibebis mizniT

barak obama ovalur kabinetSi araerTxel Sexvda mrCevlebs erovnuli
usafrTxoebis sakiTxebSi. aSS-s prezidenti, specialuri operaciebis
sardlobis meTaurTan vice-admiral uiliam mekreivenTan erTad aqtiurad
ganixilavda specoperaciis yvela SemoTavazebul gegmas. operaciis pirveli
variant gulisxmobda samizne nagebobis aSS-s samxedro sahaero Zalebis
mZime bombdamSeni B-2 spiritiT ganadgurebas, magram barak obamam uaryo
aRniSnuli varianti da ganacxada, rom specoperaciis dros minimumamde unda
yofiliyo dayvanili riskis faqtori rigiTi moqalaqeebisTvis, garda amisa
is momentic iqna gansazRvruli, rom haeridan ganadgurebis SemTxvevaSi
garTuldeboda
bin-ladenis
sxeulis
identifikacia.
specoperaciebis
gaerTianebuli sardloba muSaobda Setevis alternatiul gegmazec, romlis
mixedviTac aSS-s da pakistanis specsamsaxurebi erToblivad Caatarebdnen
operacias, Tumca amis Sesaxeb pakistanis mxares, informaciis gaJonvis
Tavidan acilebis mizniT acnobebdnen operaciis dawyebamde erTi saaTiT
adre. operaciis teqnikuri mxare gaarTula im faqtorma, rom vila
ganlagebuli iyo qveynis sazRvarTan axlos, romlis sahaero sivrces
akontrolebda pakistanis samxedro sahaero Zalebi, rac Tavidanve blokavda
specoperaciis dros upiloto mzveravi safreni aparatebis gamoyenebas.
specrazmma strategiuli informaciis aRqmis Semdeg daiwyo operaciis
taqtikuri
mxaris
damuSaveba.
specrazmis
operaciisTvis
momzadeba
mimdinareobda avRaneTSi ganlagebul samxedro bazaze, e.w. `alfas~
daxurul banakSi, sadac specrazmelebis taqtikuri moqmedebebis dasaxvewad
agebuli iqna bin-ladenis vilis asli.
aSS-s
prezidentma
TeTri
saxlis
ovalur
kabinetSi
erovnuli
usafrTxoebis mrCevlebTan SeTanxmebiT daamtkica specoperaciis saboloo
gegma. antiteroristuli specdaniSnulebis razmi operaciis msvlelobisas
droebiT dauqvemdebares centralur sadazvervo saagentos. specrazmelebi
pakistanSi vertmfrenebiT farulad Sefrindnen jalalabadidan (avRaneTi).
`zRvis lomebi~ aRWurvili iyvnen avtomaturi cecxlsasroli iaraRiT M-4,
Ramis xedvis saTvaleebiT da pistoletebiT. aSS-s SeiaraRebuli Zalebis
vertmfrenebi
maqsimalurad
dabla
mifrinavdnen,
raTa
isini
ar
dafiqsirebuliyvnen pakistanis sasazRvro dacvis Zalebis radarebze. razmis
pirveli jgufi gegmis mixedviT trosebiT unda Camomsxdariyvnen vilis
saxuravze, xolo meore jgufi pirveli sarTulidan unda SeWriliyvnen
saxlSi. erT-erTi vertmfreni desantis Camosxmis momentSi umniSvnelod
dazianda, Tumca razmis wevrebi ar dazianebulan da ganagrZes Seteva,
dazianebuli vertfreni ki specrazmelebma dauyonebliv gaanadgures, xolo
evakuaciisTvis damatebiTi vertmfreni gamoiZaxes. aSS-s prezidenti da
erovnuli usafrTxoebis jgufi TeTri saxlis situaciuri oTaxidan
adevnebda Tvalyurs. gegmis mixedviT specoperacia 30 wuTSi unda
Catarebuliyo, Tumca 38 wuTi dasWirda, es dro Senobis SigniT gamagrebuli
SeiaraRebuli teroristebis neitralizacias moxmarda.

aSS-s oficialuri pirebi da Tavdacvis departamenti ar asaxeleben

operaciis msvlelobisas gamoyenebuli sahaero Zalebis bazas, Tumca
mogvianebiT gakeTebuli gancxadebiT gaJRerda informacia, rom vertmfrenebi
specrazmis gadasxmis Semdeg dabrundnen aviabazaze. vaSington postma
gaavrcela cnoba, rom bin ladenis gvami bagramidan aviamzid `karl
vinsonze~ gadaitanes obamas administraciis oficialur gancxadebaSi
aRniSnulia, rom pakistanis mTavroba ar flobda informacias abotabadSi
dagegmili specoperaciis Sesaxeb misi dasrulebis momentamde. specoperacia
adgilobrivi droiT 01:00-ze daiwyo, xolo
Stabis
xelmZRvanelTa
gaerTianebuli komitetis meTaurma maikl malenma Pakistanis armiss meTaurs
aSkaf fervez kaianis Seatyobina adgilobrivi droiT 03:00. pakistanis
sagareo saqmeTa saministros mier gakeTebuli gancxadebebis mixedviT
operacia ganxorcielebuli iyo mxolod aSS-s specialuri Zalebis mier,
Tavismxriv
pakistanis
uwyebaTaSoriso
dazvervis
warmomadgenlebi
acxadebdnen, rom isinic monawileobdnen aRniSnul specoperaciaSi, rac
kategoriulad uaryo prezidentma asif ali zardarim.
bin ladenis gvamis identifikaciis mizniT aSS-s Tavdacvis departamentisa
da centraluri sadazvervo saagentos laboratoriebSi
mTeli rigi
specialuri kvleviTi RonisZiebebi Catarda, kvlevebma daadastures, rom
specoperaciisas likvidirebuli pirovneba msoflios nomer pirveli
teroristi iyo.
pakistanis sagareo saqmeTa saministrom protesti gamoTqva aSS-s mier
calmxrivad arasanqcirebuli specoperaciis Catarebis gamo. pakistanis
yofilma prezidentma fervez muSarafma ganacxada, rom aSS-s mier
gatarebili operacia iyo qveynis suverenitetis darRveva. dasavleT
germaniis kancler helmuT Smidtis sityvebiT es qmedeba Sefasda, rogorc
saerTaSoriso samarTlis darRvevis faqti.
diukis universitetis samarTlis skolis profesorma ganacxada, rom
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis wesdeba da saerTaSoriso samarTali
samxedro konfliqtebis Sesaxeb aZlevs erT qveyanas meore qveynis
teritoriaze ganaxorcielos specoperacia, Tu qveyanas ar SeuZlia
saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT Tavisive teritoriaze
prevenciuli zomebis ganxorcieleba. araTu prevenciuli zomebi aramed
pakistanis specsamsaxurebi mWidrod TanamSromlobdnen TalibebTan, xolo
bin ladenis vila ganTavsebuli iyo islamabadis maxloblad, pakistaneli
generlebis prestiJul saagarako dasaxlebaSi.
jorj buS umcrosis prezidentobis dros saxelmwifo departamentis
ufrosi iuristis postze myofi jon belingeri acxadebda, rom aRniSnuli
specoperacia legitimuri iyo. aSS-s prezidentis # 12333 brZanebis mixedviT
samxedro moqmedebebis warmoebisas pirebis likvidacia kanonier qmedebas
warmoadgens, aSS da al-qaida xom mravali welia saomar mdgomareobaSi
imyofebian, aqedan gamomdinare organizaciis liderebis likvidacia ar aris
akrZaluli,
aseve
Tavdacvis
mizniT
ganxorcielebuli
likvidaciac

kanonieria, radgan operaciis msvlelobisas vilaSi myofebma

gauxsnes specrazmelebs avtomaturi cecxlsasroli iaraRidan.

cecxli

miCiganis universitetis samarTlis skolis profesori stiven ratnerma

ganacxada, rom aRniSnuli likvidacia iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT rTuli
gansasjelia, Tu Tqven TvliT, rom osama bin ladeni kombatanti, anu
saerTaSoriso samarTlis ganmartebiT meomari mxaris SeiaraRebuli Zalebis
SemadgenlobaSi myofi piri iyo maSin kanoni likvidaciis nebas rTavs,
magram Tu bin ladeni iTvleboda masiur mkvlelobebSi eWvmitanili
pirovneba, am SemTxvevaSi misi likvidacia SeiZleboda ganxorcielebuliyo
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu igi warmoadgenda safrTxes maTTvis vinc
atarebda dakavebis specoperacias.
aSS-s generalurma prokurorma erik holderma ganacxada, rom aSS-s
Tavdasxma nomer pirveli teroristis TavSesafarze kanonieri qmedeba iyo, es
iyo
erTgvari
`erovnuli
Tavdacvis
aqti~,
mtris,
teroristuli
organizaciis lideris brZolis velze ganadgureba ki kanonieri qmedeba
gaxlavTo
dasZina
man.
CNN-is
informaciiT
gaerTianebuli
erebis
organizaciis sxdomaze specialuri moxsenebiT gamovida terorizmTan
brZolis pirobebSi adamianis uflebebis dacvis eqsperti martin Seini, man
aRniSna, rom amerikam bevrjer misca Sansi bin ladens TeTri droSa
aRemarTa da danebeboda aSS-s specsamsaxurebs, magram man amis gakeTeba ar
isurvao.
niurnbergis procesis erT-erTma mTavarma bralmdebelma benjamin
ferencma eWvqveS daayena likvidaciis operacia. man ganacxada, rom umjobesi
iqneboda bin ladenis sasamarTlosTvis gadacema.
adamianis uflebaTa damcvelma, iuristma jefri robertsonma ganacxada,
rom aRniSnuli piris likvidaciam SeiZleba kanonis uzenaesoba Selaxos,
misi azriT umjobesi iqneboda erovnuli uSiSroebis sabWos haagaSi Seeqmna
saerTaSoriso mosamarTleebiT dakompleqtebuli specialuri tribunali,
romelic teroristuli organizaciis liders Sesabamis ganaCens gamoutanda.
kentukis universitetis saerTaSoriso samarTlis iuristi nik grifi
acxadebs, rom Seteva erTgvari SurisZiebis mizniT ganxorcielebuli
sikvdiliT dasjis aqts hgavda.
`hiuman raiTs voCma~, adamianis uflebaTa damcvelma saerTaSoriso
arasamTavrobo organizaciam, romelic 1978 wels daarsda da metad aqtiuri
organizaciis gancxadebiT aucilebeli iyo samarTlebrivi normebis dacva.
likvidaciis Semdeg bin ladenis gvami zRvas miabares, rac muslimanuri
tradiciebiT miuRebelia, magram aRniSnuli aqtiT amerikam Tavidan aicila
saflavis radikaluri islamisturi moZraobebis mier wminda adgilad,
`hajis~ obieqtad gamocxadeba.
specoperaciis oficialuri koduri saxelwodeba `neptunis samkapi~
gaxldaT, koduri saxelwodebiT `jekpoti~ aRiniSneboda bin ladeni, xolo

koduri saxelwodeba `jeronimo~ aRniSnavda bin ladenis dakavebas an

likvidacias. `jeronimo~ indieli lideris apaCTa modgmis warmomadgenlis
saxeli gaxldaT, xolo `neptunis samkaps~ rac Seexeba aRniSnuli simbolo
gamosaxulia `zRvis lomebis~ ganmasxvavebel niSanze, romelic aRniSnavs
specdaniSnulebis razmis SesaZleblobebs zRvaSi, haerSi da miwaze, swored
aqedan gamomdinare mieca specoperacias es saxelwodeba. specoperaciis
mciredi garTulebebiT dasrulebis Semdeg vilaze amoRebul iqna uamravi
strategiuli informaciis matarebeli dokumenti. amoRebuli masalebidan
irkveva,
rom
teroristebs
SemuSavebuli
hqondaT
aSS-s
ramdenime
maRalCinosnis likvidaciis gegma. avRaneTSi saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebis
daxmarebis Zalebis meTauri devid petreusi, 2011 wlis 6 seqtembridan
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos direqtori da aSS-s prezidenti barak
obama teroristebis samizneTa siaSi pirvelebi iyvnen, maTi likvidcia gegmis
mixedviT pakistanSi an avRaneTSi vizitis dros unda ganxorcielebuliyo.
rac Seexeba pakistaneli eqimis beds, Sakil afridi, aSS-s centralur
sadazvervo saagentosTan aRniSnuli specoperaciis farglebSi aqtiuri
TanamSromlobis gamo saxelmwifo Ralatis muxliT gaasamarTles da 30
wliani patimroba miusajes. pakistaneli eqimis dapatimrebis faqti mkacrad
gaakritikes amerikelma politikosebma. pakistanis am qmedebis sapasuxod
amerikis senatis specialurma komitetma 33 milioni dolariT Sekveca
pakistanis daxmarebis programisTvis gansazRvruli Tanxa.
sazogadoebaSi musirebs eWvic, rom TiTqos likvidirebuli pirovneba ar
iyo bin ladeni da rom al-qaidas mier 2011 wlis 6 maiss lideris
likvidaciis aRiareba axali SeTqmulebis dasawyisia. meores mxriv
teroristuli organizaciis lideris likvidacia ar niSnavs `al qaidas~
srul ganadgurebas, radgan igi ara martivi organizacia, aramed
teroristuli qselia, romelSic aTasobiT fanatikosia gaaqtiurebuli,
romlebic mzad arian teraqtebi ganaxorcielon msoflios nebismier
wertilSi da Tavi Seswiron `saRvTo oms~. aSS-s mxridan Cvenis azriT es
erTgvari e.w. PR aqcia iyo, romliTac zesaxelmwifom msofliosac da Tavis
mosaxleobasac daumtkica, rom SeswevT unari dasajon damnaSaveebi da
aRadginon samarTlianoba, rogorc qveyanaSi ise mis farglebs gareTac.

armiis dazvervisa da uSiSroebis sardloba

aRniSnuli struqtura qveiTi jarebis ZiriTadi operatiul-strategiuli
rgoli gaxlavT, romlis kompetenciaSia dazvervis da radioeleqtronuli
brZolis
warmoeba,
usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelyofa
da
informaciuli
dazvervis operaciebis organizeba da Catareba. sardlobis piradi
Semadgenlobis raodenoba ramdenime aTeul aTas aRwevs, romelTagan 5
aTasamde samoqalaqo piria.
aRniSnuli samsaxuri ar unda agverios Tavdacvis departamentis
dazvervis saagentoSi, dazvervisa da uSiSroebis sardloba 1977 wels
Seiqmna. sardlobis SemadgenlobaSi Sevida, rogorc armiis dazvervis da
uSiSroebis samsaxuri aseve qveiTi jarebis radioeleqtronuli brZolis
calkeuli nawilebi. uwyeba emorCileba qveiTi Zalebis Stabis ufrosis
moadgiles dazvervis sakiTxebSi. 1990-iani wlebis Sua periodSi sardlobis
struqturaSi Sedioda: Stabi, usafrTxoebis uzrunvelmyofi specialuri
jgufi, usafrTxoebis samsaxuris centri da evraziuli kvlevebis instituti,
garda amisa armiis dazvervisa da uSiSroebis sardlobaSi Sedioda 6
brigada
da
samxedro
operatiul-strategiuli
dazvervisa
da
kontrdazvervis 4 jgufi. 1990-ian wlebSi uwyebaSi 10 aTasi TanamSromeli
msaxurobda.
1990-iani wlebis bolos SemuSavda samsaxuris wesdeba, romliTac
konkretulad ganisazRvra dazvervisa da uSiSroebis sardlobis funqciebi.
uwyebis saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebia: saomari moqmedebebisas armiis
sadazvervo aqciebiT uzrunvelyofa, situaciis Sefaseba da sardlobis
informaciiT
momarageba,
prioritetuli
amocanebis
dadgena,
radioeleqtronuli
Setevis
da
dacvis
uzrunvelyofa,
samxedro
dezinformacia, SeniRbva, operatiuli usafrTxoeba, prevenciuli aqciebis
warmoeba
da
sardlobisTvis
mosalodneli
safrTxeebis
Sesaxeb
Setyobinebebis momzadeba da miwodeba.
saomari moqmedebebis dros specialuri misiebis Sesrulebisas dazvervisa
da uSiSroebis sardlobis droebiTi sadazvervo razmebi erwymebian
regularuli
armiis
SenaerTebs.
droebiTi
sadazvervo
razmebis
SemadgenlobaSi Sedis: agenturuli usafrTxoebis qvedanayofi, sahaero da
miwiszeda dazvervis jgufebi, samxedro tyveebis dakiTxvis nawili, radio
teqnikis, teqnikuri dazvervis, radioeleqtronuli omis da operatiuli
usafrTxoebis qvedanayofebi.
dazvervisa da uSiSroebis sardlobis qvedanayofebma sxvadasxva tipis
lokalur konfliqtebSi moqmedebebisas, ZiriTadi samoqmedo principebi da
sadazvervo
resursebis
da
SesaZleblobebis
gamoyenebis
meTodebi
Camoayalibes, xolo Semdeg samxedro doqtrinac Seqmnes `Intelligence XXI
concept. struqturis specifikis daxvewis procesSi aRniSnul dokumentze
dayrdnobiT SemuSavda radioeleqtronuli brZolis warmoebis da amerikis
qveiTi Zalebis dazvervis axali principebi. iugoslaviasa da sparseTis
yureSi brZolebis dasrulebis da udidesi gamocdilebis miRebis Semdeg

moxda
mTliani
struqturis
reorganizacia.
2009
wels
aRniSnul
struqturaSi 14 ZiriTadi qvedanayofi Sevida: dazvervis warmoebis ori
jgufi da 7 brigada, informaciuli operaciebis sardloba, erovnuli
dazvervis centri, qveiTi jarebis operatiuli jgufi, samxedro dazvervis
razmi da saidumlo informaciis kontrolis centraluri punqti.
2009-2010 wlebSi aSS-s SeiaraRebulma Zalebma ganicades maStaburi
transformacia ris Semdegac qveiTi jarebis qvedanayofebi gadavidnen
modulis tipis ganlagebis principze. aRniSnulma cvlilebebma qveiTi
jarebis dazvervisa da uSiSroebis sardlobis winaSe axali prioritetebi
daisaxa. dazvervis da uSiSroebis brigadebi gaerTianebuli operatiuli
Stabis daqvemdebarebaSi gadavida. dazvervis da uSiSroebis sardlobis mier
gamoyofili
qvedanayofebi
ZiriTadad
ganaxorcielebdnen
taqtikuri
formirebebis operatiul, sadazvervo da radioeleqtronuli brZolis
sakiTxebSi mxardaWeras.
transformaciis Semdeg qveiTi
sardlobis SemadgenlobaSi Sevida:

Zalebis

dazvervisa

da

uSiSroebis

66-e
brigada,
aqtiurad
anxorcielebs
sadazvervo
aqciebs
da
uzrunvelyofs evropaSi ganlagebuli amerikis qveiTi jarebis operaciebis
operatiuli usafrTxoebis dacvas. brigadis Stabi ganlagebulia germaniaSi,
qalaq darmStadtSi.
470-e brigada sadazvervo informaciiT uzrunvelyofs qveiTi jarebis
yvela im qvedanayofs, romlebic samxreTi da centraluri amerikis zonis
sardlobis SemadgenlobaSia. brigadis Stabi ganlagebulia texasis StatSi.
me-300-e brigada aris lingvisturi mxardaWeris qvedanayofi, romelic
uzrunvelyofs
qveiTi
jarebis
SemadgenlobaSi
moqmedi
dazvervis
qvedanayofebis piradi Semadgenlobis ucxo enebSi momzadebas. brigadis
Stabi ganTavsebulia iutas StatSi.
me-500-e brigada sadazvervo informaciiT uzrunvelyofs wynari okeanis
zonis gaerTianebul koaliciur Zalebs. brigadis Stabi ganlagebulia
havaize.
501-e brigada strategiuli sadazvervo monacemebiT uzrunvelyofs
koreaSi moqmedi koaliciuri Zalebis qvedanayofebs. brigadis Stabi
ganlagebulia samxreT koreaSi.
513-e brigada anxorcielebs sadazvervo da operatiuli usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelmyof aqciebs, raTa xeli Seewyos aSS-s SeiaraRebuli Zalebis
gaerTianebuli
sardlobis
saomari
moqmedebebisas
warmoebul
specoperaciebs. brigadis Stabi ganlagebulia jorjiis StatSi.
704-e
brigada
atarebs
koordinirebul
radioteqnikur
dazvervas.
mopovebul strategiul monacemebs brigada gadascems sardlobas, raTa misi
SeiaraRebuli Zalebi aqtiuri mowinaaRmdegis Zalebze dawinaurebul

poziciebze aRmoCndes brZolis msvlelobis dros. brigada ganlagebulia

merilendis StatSi.
706-e brigada awarmoebs radioteqnikuri dazvervis teqnikur mxardaWeras.
moqmedebs mTel msoflioSi usafrTxoebis centralur samsaxurTan erTad.
brigadis Stabi mdebareobs jorjiis StatSi.
902-e brigada atarebs kontrsadazvervo RonisZiebebs aSS-s SeiaraRebuli
Zalebis interesebSi, uzrunvelyofs avtomatizirebuli sistemebis marTvis
operatiul usafrTxoebas da mowinaaRmdegis agenturuli moRvaweobis
aRmofxvras.
qveiTi
jarebis
operatiuli
jgufi
gansazRvravs
dazvervisTvis
prioritetul sakiTxebs. jgufis Stabi ganTavsebulia merilendis StatSi.
erovnuli dazvervis centri, es aris ZiriTadi rgoli, romelic miRebul
sadazvervo informacias specifikis mixedviT anawilebs aSS-s armiis
qvedanayofebs Soris. centris Stabi virjiniaSi mdebareobs.
informaciuli operaciebis pirveli saxmeleTo sardloba aanalizebs da
SeimuSavebs strategiuli operaciebis warmoebis Teoriul da praqtikul
principebs,
swavlebas
utarebs
sardlobis
qvedanayofebis
pirad
Semadgenlobas
da
SemuSavebuli
principebis
da
meTodebis
saomar
moqmedebebSi danergvas da Semdgom gamoyenebas uwyobs xels. sardloba
mdebareobs virjiniis StatSi.
gaerTianebuli sistemis samxedro sadazvervo razmi JSTARS, aris qveiTi
jarebis radioeleqtronuli dakvirvebis razmi romlis funqciebSia E-8C
ekipaJebis operatorebis momzadeba. razmi ganTavsebulia jorjiis StatSi.
saidumlo informaciis centraluri punqti aris armiis organo, romelic
uzrunvelyofs informaciis dacvis reJims, informaciuli cenzura qveiTi
jarebis
mier
mTeli
msoflios
maStabiT
dagegmili
operaciebis
warmatebulad Catarebis garantia. centraluri punqtis Stabi mdebareobs
merilendSi.
konkretuli an situaciuri amocanebis garda armiis dazvervisa da
uSiSroebis
sardlobis
funqciebSi
amJamad
Sedis:
strategiuli
radioteqnikuri
dazvervis
warmoeba,
mowinaaRmdegis
qveiTi
jarebis
mdgomareobis Sefaseba, sxvadasxva tipis dazvervis SenaerTebisTvis kadrebis
momzadeba,
saomar
moqmedebebSi
CarTuli
sadazvervo
danayofebis
operatiuli xelmZRvaneloba da daxuruli kavSiris sistemebis marTva.
sardlobis
ZiriTadi
prioritetia
warmatebulad
ganaxorcielos
prevenciuli sadazvervo operaciebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen aSS-s
SeiaraRebuli
Zalebis
sistemis
operatiul
usafrTxoebas,
rogorc
mSvidobian ise omis periodSic.

samxedro-sahaero Zalebis dazverva

arsebobs sahaero dazvervis ramdenime tipi, esenia: strategiuli,
operatiuli da taqtikuri dazverva. sahaero dazverva warmoebs samxedro
sahaero Zalebis strategiuli da taqtikuri TviTmfrinavebis saSualebiT.
strategiuli sahaero dazvervis warmoebisTvis 1956 wlidan eqspluataciaSi
Sevida da dRemde aqtiurad gamoiyeneba Lockheed U-2, romelic gankuTvnilia
kompleqsuri dazvervis sawarmoeblad. ukanasknel wlebSi metad aqtualuri
Temaa upiloto safreni aparatebis saSualebiT warmoebuli dazverva.
upiloto safreni aparatebis Seqmnaze muSaoba pirveli msoflio omis dros
daiwyo. 1930 wels aamoqmedes distanciurad marTvadi aparatebi, xolo 1950
wlis bolos upiloto mzveravebi. 1970-ian wlebSi mimdinareobda samecnierokvleviTi samuSaoebi sabrZolo upiloto TviTmfrinavebis Sesaqmnelad.
sahaero dazverva ZiriTadad Semdegi tipis misiebs asrulebs:
-

SeiaraRebuli dajgufebebis, samxedro Zalebis da samxedro flotis

saomari mzadyofnis, adgilmdebareobis da gadaadgilebebis aRmoCena.
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mier warmoebul wvrTnebze meTvalyureoba.
radiolokaciuri sadgurebis da kavSiris sistemebis aRmoCena da maTi
Semdgomi daniSnulebis da teqnikuri specifikis dadgena.
axali samxedro teqnikis da SeiaraRebis testirebaze meTvalyureoba.
haer sawinaaRmdego da raket sawinaaRmdego sistemebis aRmoCena.
samxedro-samrewvelo obieqtebis funqcionirebaze TvalTvali maT mier
warmoebuli produqciis tipis dadgenis mizniT.

sahaero dazvervis mier sxvadasxva tipis operaciebis warmatebulad

ganxorcielebis
mizniT
aSS-s
mzveravi
TviTmfrinavebi
aRWurvilia
mravalmxrivi teqnikuri saSualebebiT. aSS-Si sahaero dazvervas specialuri
sahaero dazvervis saagento awarmoebs.
aSS-s sahaero Zalebis dazvervis saagento (Air Force Intelligence Surveillance and
Reconnaissance Agency) aSS-s samxedro sahaero Zalebis Stabis sadazvervo
organoa. saagento loklandis aviabazaze, texasSia ganTavsebuli.
saagentos ZiriTadi daniSnulebaa saxelmwifo organoebisTvis da
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis sardlobebisTvis sadazvervo informaciis miwodeba,
risTvisac saagento informaciis mopovebis garda awarmoebs Sesabamisi
sadazvervo Zalebis organizebas, swavlebas, aRWurvas da gamoyenebas.
saagento
aqtiurad
aris
CarTuli
aSS-s
samxedro-sahaero
Zalebis
sadazvervo
politikis
SemuSavebasa
da
ganviTarebaSi.
saagentos
struqturaSi Sedis:
-

sahaero da kosmosuri dazvervis erovnuli centri, romelic

aanalizebs ucxo qveynebis sahaero-kosmosuri Zalebis sistemebs da
SeiaraRebas, maT potencials, Zlier da sust mxareebs, ris
safuZvelzec yalibdeba amerikis erovnuli TavdacviTi politika.

centri ganTavsebulia rait-patersonis sahaero Zalebis bazaze ohaios

StatSi.
sahaero
Zalebis
dazvervis
kosmosuri
safrTxeebis
komiteti
koordinirebas uwevs kosmosis kompleqsur analitikur saqmianobas.
sahaero Zalebis teqnikuri ganacxadebis centri (Air Force Technical
Applications Center)
ganTavsebulia patrikis sahaero Zalebis bazaze
floridaSi.
centris
misiaa
birTvul
sferoSi
moqmed
xelSekrulebebze
xelmomweri
qveynebis
monitoring.
aRniSNuli
kontroli xorcieldeba seismuri, hidroakustikuri da satelituri
aRmoCenis sistemebis meSveobiT, aRniSnulidan gamomdinare centri
axorcielebs miwisqveSa, wyalqveSa da atmosferoSi birTvuli
RonisZiebebis monitorings saerTaSoriso birTvul xelSekrulebebze
dayrdnobiT.
70-e sadazvervo da sameTvalyureo frTa aerTianebs sahaero Zalebis
SesaZleblobebs
globaluri
kriptografiuli
specoperaciebis
warmoebisas. 2000 wlis agvistos TveSi gaaqtiurebuli frTa
strategiuli
informaciis
mopovebis
sakiTxebSi
aqtiurad
TanamSromlobs erovnuli usafrTxoebis saagentosTan, romelic xels
uwyobs SeiaraRebuli da sahaero Zalebis specoperaciebis warmatebiT
Sesrulebas. frTaSi Sedis eqvsi sadazvervo jgufi, romlebic
moqmedeben wynari okeanisa da evropis zonaSi, aRniSnuli frTis saTao
ofisi ganTavsebulia fort midSi, merilendi.
480-e sadazvervo-sameTvalyureo frTa droul da faseul kripto da
foto sadazvervo informacias awvdis mTel msoflioSi moqmed aSS-s
sahaero SeiaraRebul Zalebs. frTa 2003 wlis dekemberSi gaaqtiurda,
frTa virjiniaSi, lenglis sahaero bazazea ganTavsebuli.

saagentos damxmare nawilebia:

-

sahaero Zalebis 24-e nawili 2009 wlis agvistos TveSi gaaqtiurda,

samsaxuri funqcionirebs sahaero Zalebis qselebis dacvisa da maTi
gamarTulad muSaobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT. nawilis saTao ofisi
ganTavsebulia loklandis sahaero bazaze texasSi. sahaero Zalebis 24e nawili aSS-s sahaero Zalebis kiber sardlobis komponenticaa.
me-9 sadazvervo frTa axorcielebs sahaero Zalebis wvrTnisa da
aRWurvis programebis koordinacias, specprogramebis gavlis Semdeg
sahaero Zalebis kontingentebi advilad moipoveben sadazvervo
informacias, rogorc omis an krizisul ise mSvidobian periodSi.
mecxre frTis saTao ofisi ganTavsebulia kaliforniaSi, bielis
sahaero Zalebis bazaze.
55-e frTa mTeli msoflios maStabiT atarebs sahaero sadazvervo
aqciebs, kavSirebis marTvas da axorcielebs aSS-s liderebis da
meTaurebis sainformacio da sabrZolo mxardaWeras. nawilis Stab-bina
ganlagebulia afetis sahaero Zalebis bazaze nebraskaSi.
432-e frTa qriCis sahaero Zalebis bazazea ganTavsebuli. aRniSnuli
nawilis safreni aparatebi e.w (Predators-mtacebeli da Reapers-samkeli

manqanebi) yoveldRiurad aTeulobiT sadazvervo operacias atarebs

erayisa da avRaneTis sahaero sivrceSi.
edvardis samxedro-sahaero bazaze (Edwards Air Force Base) ganlagebulia
zona 51 romelic oficialuri monacemebiT ikvlevs da SeimuSavebs
eqsperimentalur mfrinav aparatebs da SeiaraRebis sistemebs. zona 51
miekuTvneba samxedro operaciebis zonas, romlis sivrcec SezRudulia
gareSe mfrinavi obieqtebisTvis da zesaidumlo sivrcis statusi aqvs
miniWebuli.

samxedro-sazRvao Zalebis dazverva

aSS-s samxedro-sazRvao dazverva specsamsaxurebis sistemaSi Semavali
mniSvnelovani nawilia. sazRvao dazvervis Stab-bina siutlendSi (merilendi)
sazRvao dazvervis erovnul centrSia ganTavsebuli. sazRvao dazvervis
centri uZRveba yvela didi sazRvao proeqtis SemuSavebas da maT
ganxorcielebas. aRniSnuli tipis dazverva awarmoebs, rogorc ucxouri
sensoruli sistemebis akustikuri informaciis Segrovebas da analizs aseve
dainteresebulia okeaneze meTvalyureobis sistemebis, wyalqveSa gemebis da
wyalqveSa SeiaraRebuli sistemebis SeswavliT.
samxedro-sazRvao dazvervas Zlieri kriptografiuli samsaxuri aqvs.
aRniSnuli samsaxuri iyenebs teqnikuri dazvervis specialur saSualebebs,
romliTac moipoveben, amuSaveben, aanalizeben da Semdeg samxedro da
saxelmwifo
maRalCinosnebs
gadascemen
strategiul
informacias.
dazverviTi
saqmianobis
garda
kriptografia
pasuxismgebelia
iseTi
sakiTxebis monitoringze rogorebicaa: narkotikebis sazRvao kontrabanda,
radioaqtiuri narCenebis okeaneSi CaRvra, ukanono emigracia, terorizmi,
qimiuri, biologiuri da birTvuli tipis iaraRis ukanono vaWrobaze
kontroli.
1882 wels aSS-s samxedro-sazRvao flotis saministros brZanebiT
navigaciis biuroSi Seiqmna axali qvedanayofi e.w. dazvervis ganyofileba.
sazRvao dazvervis sferoSi gamocdilebis miRebis mizniT evropaSi
gaigzavna leitenanti Teodor meisoni. Ramdenadac me-19 saukunis Zlevamosil
da sazRvao saxelmwifod wodebul did britaneTs ar qonda calke
gamoyofili sazRvao dazvervis samsaxuri, aSS-m nimuSad safrangeTis
samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis samsaxuri aiRo. 1882-1888 wlebis SualedSi
londonSi, parizsa da romSi arsebul aSS-s saelCoebSi SemoiRes sazRvao
ataSes Tanamdeboba.
1920 wels samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis samsaxuri damoukidebel uwyebad
Camoyalibda, magram miuxedavad amisa struqturis TanamSromelTa ricxvi
iklebda, radgan aRniSnul uwyebaSi samsaxuri sazRvao oficrebis azriT
araprestiJulad iTvleboda. sazRvao dazvervaSi ar arsebobda kadrebis
SerCevis da momzadebis Camoyalibebuli da kvalificiuri sistema. samxedrosazRvao dazvervis ganyofilebis ufrosis kontr-admiral e. zaxariasis
mtkicebiT samsaxuri analitikuri nawilis garda eyrdnoboda enTuziastebis
Sromas, oficrebis azriT arsebuli mZime mdgomareoba gamowveuli iyo aSS-s
izolacionisturi politikiT da am politikis momxre maRalCinosnebis
mxridan zogadad dazvervis samsaxurebis mimarT arsebuli skeptikuri
xedviT. Dazvervis samsaxurebis mimarT antipatiuri damokidebulebis
magaliTad SegviZlia moviyvanoT aSS-s saxelmwifo mdivnis henri stimsonis
mosazreba, romelic aRniSnavda, rom: `amoraluri iqneboda aSS-s saxelmwifo
dawesebulebebs gaegrZelebinaT ucxo pirTa piradi fostis Semowmeba da
werilebis
kiTxva,
saxelmwifo
mdivani
gulisxmobda
1929
wels
likvidirebul amerikul kriptografiul saagentos.

aSS-s
samxedro-sazRvao
Zalebis
dazvervam
gaSifra
iaponiis
diplomatiuri Sifri, romelic komunikaciis mizniT gamoiyeneboda iaponiis
flotSi, xolo ukve 1940 wels Seqmnes iaponuri daSifvris aparatis (Purple)
analogi, romliTac amerikelebi vaSingtonSi moqmedi iaponiis saelCos
mimoweras akontrolebda.
meore msoflio omis dros samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis struqturaSi
Seiqmna fotoebis gamSifravi samxedro-sazRvao centri, romelic did rols
TamaSobda flotis saomari operaciebis momzadebisa da dagegmarebis
procesSi.
meore msoflio omis Semdeg ganxorcielda samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis
reorganizacia,
amJamad
aRniSnuli
Tanamedrove
mravalprofiliani
sadazvervo organizacia informaciiT uzrunvelyofs flotis ministrs,
operaciebis ufross da teqnologiur biuros. samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis
samsaxuri amJamad organizaciulad operaciebis sammarTveloSi Sedis.
samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis direqtori Tavisi statusiT aris operaciebis
ufrosis TanaSemwe, aqvs flagmanis rangi da uSualod eqvemdebareba aSS-s
samxedro-sazRvao flotis departamentis Tavjdomares. departamentis
SemadgenlobaSi Sedis samxedro-sazRvao flotis uSiSroebis jgufi,
romelsac xelmZRvanelobs operaciebis ufrosi komunikaciebis sferoSi.
aRniSnuli jgufi mWidrod urTierTqmedebs samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis
samsaxurTan da asrulebs kriptografiuli samsaxuris funqciebs.
samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis samsaxurs aqvs susti mxarec, sistemaSi ar
funqcionirebs kontrdazvervis qvedanayofi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi flotze
momxdari sisxlis samarTlis an sxva tipis danaSaulebriv faqtebs iZieben
dazvervis samsaxuris TanamSromlebi.
1993 wels ramdenime qvedanayofis Serwymis Sedegad Seiqmna samxedrosazRvao da sanapiro dazvervis erovnuli centri, romelic awarmoebs
dazvervis samsaxuris qvedanayofebis mier mopovebuli eleqtro, foto,
radio,
akustikuri informaciis analizs, axorcielebs kontrols
wyalqveSa navebis da samxedro da samoqalaqo gemebis gadaadgilebaze
realur masStabebsa da droSi wynar okeaneSi, atlantikis okeaneSi,
indoeTis okeaneSi, CrdiloeT yinulovan okeanesa da samxreTis okeaneSi.
samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis samsaxuris periferiuli organoebi Sedgeba
sami ZiriTadi komponentisgan. samxedro-sazRvao raionis dazverva aris
samsaxuris operatiuli kontrolis qveS da moqmedebs amerikis teritoriaze
da sazRvargareTis zogierT raionSi. raionis dazvervis ganyofileba
uSualod samxedro-sazRvao raionis sardals emorCileba. ganyofilebis
oficrebi ZiriTadad kontrdazvervis da uSiSroebis uzrunvelyofis kuTxiT
saqmianoben.
curvaSi
myofi
samxedro
gemebis
SenaerTis
dazvervis
qvedanayofi emorCileba SenaerTis meTaurs. flotis mTavarsardals
ucxoeTSi dislocirebuli samxedro-sazRvao bazebis, gemebis operatiuli
SenaerTebis da daxuruli samxedro raionebis kontrolisTvis iyenebs
StabSi arsebul dazvervis seqtors, romelic awarmoebs taqtikur da

operatiul dazvervas. aRniSnuli tipis seqtoris xelmZRvaneli oficeri

samxedro-sazRvao dazvervisTvis agrovebs informacias sistemaSi arsebuli
situaciis Sesaxeb.
sazRvao departamentSi prestiJulad iTvleba ataSeebis posti. isini
moqmedeben samxedro-sazRvao dazvervis samsaxuris xelmZRvanelobiT, magram
imyofebian saxelmwifo departamentis kontrolis qveS, radgan aRniSnul
uwyebaSi arian mivlinebulni. maTi saqmianoba amavdroulad kontroldeba
Tavdacvis departamentis dazvervis saagentos mierac, radganac saagento
koordinirebas uwevs yvela tipis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis ataSeebis
saqmianobas. aRniSnuli kadrebi specialur momzadebas gadian samxedrosazRvao dazvervis samsaxurSi, saqmianobis procesSi agroveben sadazvervo
informacias samxedro sferoSi da amavdroulad asruleben diplomatiur
misias saxelmwifo departamentis davalebiT.
meore msoflio omidan moyolebuli samsaxuri amuSavebs programas,
romlis farglebSic detalurad qmnian dosies samizneebisa da obieqtebis
Sesaxeb msoflios masStabiT sadac SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes samxedrosazRvao da sadesanto operaciebi.

didi britaneTis specsamsaxurebi "sistemis zogadi

mimoxilva"
didi britaneTis specsamsaxurebi metad specifikurad klasificirdeba.
maTze erTobliv kontrols axorcielebs parlamenti da premier ministri,
xolo
konkretuli
specsamsaxuris
saqmianobas
maTi
specifikidan
gamomdinare koordinacias uwevs Sesabamisi sferos ministri:
1. Sinagan saqmeTa ministri pasuxismgebelia kontrdazvervis, anu
uSiSroebis samsaxuris (Security Service MI-5) saqmianobaze. aRniSnuli
uSiSroebis samsaxuri oficialurad kontrdazvervis saxelmwifo
dawesebulebas warmoadgens, romelic Tavis saqmianobas 1989 w.
uSiSroebis samsaxuris Sesaxeb kanonis safuZvelze axorcielebs. igi
eqvemdebareba gaerTianebuli samefos Sinagan saqmeTa ministrs, magram
ar Sedis Sinagan saqmeTa saministros SemadgenlobaSi.
2. Tavdacvis ministri pasuxismgebelia Tavdacvis saministros dazvervis
samsaxuris saqmianobaze (Defence intelligence staff).
3. sagareo saqmeTa ministri akontrolebs or uwyebas: sagareo dazvervis
ZiriTad organos (Secret intelligence Service-SIS MI-6) da samTavrobo
uSiSroebis organos, samTavrobo komunikaciebis centrs (Government
Comunications Headquarters GCHQ).
britaneTis dazvervis samsaxurebze saparlamento kontrols dazvervisa
da uSiSroebis komiteti axorcielebs. aRniSnuli komiteti 1994 wels
Seiqmna, dazvervis samsaxurebis Sesaxeb arsebuli specialuri kanonis
safuZvelze. komiteti uflebamosilia akontrolos dazvervis samsaxurebis
biujetis
xarjebi
da
Tvalyuri
adevnos
didi
britaneTis
sami
specsamsaxuris: MI-6-is, MI-5-is da samTavrobo komunikaciebis centris
GCHQ saqmianobas. komiteti Sedgeba cxra parlamentarisgan. dazvervisa da
uSiSroebis
komiteti
premier-ministris
winaSea
angariSvaldebuli,
TanamSromlobis procesSi misi xelmZRvaneli regularulad awvdis premierministrs srul informacias saqmianobis Sedegebis Sesaxeb. parlamentsa da
specsamsaxurebs Soris iqmneba xolme sadao situaciebi informaciis
gavrcelebasTan dakavSirebiT, romelsac Semdeg dazvervis samsaxurebis
Sesaxeb
moqmedi
kanoni
aregulirebs.
kanonmdebloba
iTvaliswinebs
erovnuli usafrTxoebisTvis aucilebeli normebis dacvas da SesaZleblad
miiCnevs specsamsaxuris mxridan uaryofiT pasuxs saparlamento komitetis
mier moTxovnili konkretuli informaciis gadacemaze an gasajaroebaze,
specsamsaxurebis
mxridan
aRniSnuli
qmedeba
aixsneba
sistemisTvis
informaciis sacicocxlo mniSvnelobiT da gasaidumloebis aucileblobiT,
romlis droze adre gamJRavneba saxelmwifosTvis safrTxis momtanic ki
SeiZleba aRmoCndes.
kanoni
dazvervis
samsaxurebis
saqmianobis
regulirebis
Sesaxeb
gansakuTrebul viTarebaSi uflebas aZlevs
operatiul TanamSromlebs
ganaxorcielon saerTaSoriso samarTlisTvis miuRebeli qmedebebi, Tu
aRniSnuli qmedeba aucilebeli iqneba erovnuli usafrTxoebis dasacavad.
ZiriTad kanondarRvevebad miiCneva: saidumlo mosmenebi, pirad cxovrebasa da

kerZo sakuTrebaSi arasanqcirebuli SeRwevebi da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi

subieqtebis neitralizacia. am tipis radikaluri qmedebebi ZiriTadad
gansazRvrulia
teroristuli
dajgufebebis
winaaRmdeg
brZolis
warmoebisas, Tumca saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi dazverva arc sxva SemTxvevebSi
ambobs am SesaZleblobebis gamoyenebaze uars.
toni bleris premier-ministrobis periodSi, 2002 wels parlamentis
wevrebma moiTxoves specsamsaxurebis dafinansebis gazrda. maTi azriT
arasakmarisi saxsrebis gamo gviandeboda sadazvervo informaciis mopoveba,
romelic arasruli da araefeqturi iyo Semdgomi gamoyenebisTvis, rac
asustebda
samefos
poziciebs
saerTaSoriso
terorizmTan
brZolis
sakiTxebSi.
mTavrobis mxridan dazvervis samsaxurebze uSualo kontrols awarmoebs
ministrTa kabinetis dazvervisa da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis koordinaciis
samsaxuri.
aRniSnuli
struqtura
koordinacias
uwevs
dazvervis
samsaxurebis da premier-ministris erTobliv saqmianobas da kavSirebs.
britaneTSi
antiteroristul
saqmianobaze
ramdenime
specsamsaxuria
pasuxismgebeli,
romlebic
TavianTi
specifikis
mixedviT
inawileben
kompetenciebs: Sinagan saqmeTa saministro, qveyanaSi momqmedi mTavari
organoa, romelic pasuxismgebelia teroristuli aqtebis aRkveTaze, sagareo
saqmeTa saministro, romelic
teroristuli safrTxeebisgan dacvis
prevenciul zomebs awarmoebs ucxoeTSi, kontrdazvervis samsaxuri MI-5,
romlis struqturis farglebSi 2003 wels Seiqmna terorizmis analizis
gaerTianebuli centri, centris saqmianobaSi aqtiurad iqna Cabmuli
samTavrobo komunikaciebis samsaxuri da dazvervis samsaxuri MI-6,
antiteroristuli policiis qvedanayofi SO15, romelic pasuxismgebelia
londonis teritoriis farglebSi teroristuli safrTxeebis aRkveTaze,
teroristuli organizaciebis dafinansebis da maTi fuladi saxsrebis
mimoqcevis aRmkveTi ganyofileba Seiqmna 2001 wels da bolos gvsurs
aRvniSnoT saerToerovnuli kontrteroristuli samsaxurebis kavSiri
(qseli).
mZevlebis Sepyrobis SemTxvevaSi operatiuli Stabis xelmZRvanelad
skotland iardis ufrosi iniSneba. premier-ministri specoperaciis yvela
tipis gadawyvetilebebs krizisebis marTvis specialur komitetTan (COBRACabinet Office Briefing Room A) SeTanxmebulad Rebulobs. kobra Sedgeba
specsamsaxurebis
xelmZRvanelebisgan,
aqedan
gamomdinare
amdagvari
specoperaciebis
Sedegebze pasuxismgebloba
federalur
struqturebs
ekisrebaT.
2004 wels didma britaneTma, aSS-m da avstraliam Seqmna globaluri
antiteroristuli erToblivi qseli, aRniSnul kavSirs maleve SeuerTda
axali zelandia da kanada.
Zlier sadazvervo potencials flobs britaneTis Tavdacvis saministroc.
Tavdacvis saministros struqturaSi Sedis samxedro dazvervis Stabi da
specialuri diversiul-sadazvervo sahaero-sadesanto samsaxuri.

dazvervis Stabi Seiqmna 1964 wels romelic sadazvervo informaciiT

uzrunvelyofda britaneTis SeiaraRebul Zalebs. Stabis SemadgenlobaSi
Sedis ori qvedanayofi: Tavdacvis dazvervis saagento da samxedro
dazvervisa da uSiSroebis centri.
specialuri
diversiul-sadazvervo
sahaero-sadesanto
samsaxuri
Camoyalibda meore msoflio omis dros. misi Semqmneli gaxldaT devid
stirlingi. omis bolos britaneTSi gadawyvites daeSalaT specialuri
daniSnulebis razmebi, Tumca maTi srulad gauqmeba ver moxerxda,
restruqturizaciis Sedegad Seiqmna razmebi, romelTa mTavari daniSnuleba
iyo samiznis nebismier pirobebSi neitralizacia da dasaxuli misiis
Sesruleba.
britaneTis
specsamsaxurebis
efeqturi
saqmianobisTvis
metad
mniSvnelovania,
dazvervis
gaerTianebuli
komiteti,
romelic
didi
britaneTis mTavrobis SemadgenlobaSia. komiteti koordinirebas uwevs
dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris, MI5-is, saxelmwifo kavSirebis centris da
samxedro dazvervis saqmianobas. aRniSnuli komiteti ministrTa kabinetis
qvedanayofia da parlamentis dazvervisa da uSiSroebis komitetis
kontrolis qveSaa, mas xelmZRvanelobs mudmivi mdivani, saxelmwifo
samsaxuris umaRlesi korpusis warmomadgenli, romelic akontrolebs
dazvervis,
uSiSroebis
da
Sefasebebis
sammarTvelos.
Sefasebebis
sammarTveloSi Sedian analitikosebi, romlebic atareben analitikur
kvlevebs komitetisTvis saintereso sakiTxebze.
dazvervis gaerTianebul komitetSi Sedis britaneTis specsamsaxurebis
direqtorebi, Tavdacvis saministros da sagareo saqmeTa saministros
warmomadgenlebi da premieris mrCeveli sagareo sakiTxebSi.
dazvervis gaerTianebuli komitetis funqciebia:

premieris da ministrTa kabinetis konsultireba dazvervis,

informaciis mopovebis, analizis da erovnuli prioritetebis
Camoyalibebis sferoSi

sadazvervo samsaxurebs Soris strategiuli informaciis droulad

gacvlis da produqtiuli TanamSromlobis koordinireba

saxelmwifos da samefo karTan dakavSirebuli pirebis kompleqsuri

Semowmeba

dazvervis gaerTianebuli komiteti Seiqmna 1936 wels rogorc Tavdacvis

qvedanayofi, saagento, romelic xelisuflebas konsultaciebs uwevda
samxedro dagegmarebis sakiTxebSi, rogorc mSvidobian ise krizisul
periodSic. 1957 wels aRniSnuli komiteti ministrTa kabinets SeuerTes,

romlis interesebidan
warmoebis ufleba.

gamomdinare mas

misces

dazvervisa

da

analizis

dazvervis gaerTianebuli komitetis ZiriTadi prioritetebia:

didi britaneTis teritoriis, moqalaqeebis, erovnuli sakuTrebis

da faseulobebis dacva terorizmisa da SpionaJisagan

britaneTis erovnuli Tavdacvisa da sagareo politikuri kursis dacva

da mxardaWera

britaneTis ekonomikuri aRmavlobis mxardaWera da ekonomikuri

usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa

gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulebebis aRkveTis mizniT prevenciuli

efeqturi RonisZiebebis gatareba

saxelmwifo uSiSroebis samsaxuri (MI-5)

termin saxelmwifo uSiSroebas mecnierebi Semdegnairad gansazRvraven:
`saxelmwifo
uSiSroeba,
aris
mdgomareoba,
romlis
drosac
uzrunvelyofilia saxelmwifos sasicocxlo interesebis dacva politikur,
ekonomikur, samxedro, ekologiur, humanitarul da sxva prioritetul
sferoSi.~
saxelmwifo uSiSroebis aseTi ganmartebiT, saxelmwifo da erovnuli
uSiSroeba ganixileba, rogorc sinonimebi da vfiqrobT warmoadgens
matricas yoveli ganviTarebuli sazogadoebisaTvis. winamdebare statiaSi
ganvixilavT
didi
britaneTis
dazvervisa
da
kontrdazvervis
specsamsaxurebis rols da misias saxelmwifos sagareo da saSinao
politikis ganviTarebasa da formirebaSi.
britaneTis uSiSroebis samsaxuri Seiqmna 1909 wels, rogorc saidumlo
samsaxuris biuro, 1916 wels gardaiqmna MI5-ad (Directorate of Military Intelligence),
xolo Semdgomi transformaciis Sedegad MI5-ma saxelmwifos Sida
usafrTxoebis dacvis sferoSi wamyvani adgili daikava.
aRniSnuli Zalovani struqturis umTavresi funqciaa terorizmTan
brZola
da
saxelmwifoebriobis
dacva.
XXI
saukuneSi
aRniSnuli
organizaciis resursebis 90% gamoyofilia globaluri terorizmis
winaaRmdeg
mimdinare
brZolisaTvis
da
Sida
saxelmwifoebrivi
usafrTxoebis gasamyareblad. didi britaneTi araerTxel iqca teroristTa
samizned, rasac msxverplic mohyva. londonsa da gaerTianebuli samefos
sxva
qalaqebSi
gaaqtiurebulia
aRmosavleTis
qveynebidan
Camosul
moqalaqeebze
kontroli.
saeWvo,
teroristuli
reputaciis
mqone
saxelmwifodan Camosuli obieqtis damuSaveba xdeba manamade sanam
specsamsaxurebi ar gaarkveven misi vizitis WeSmarit mizans.
rac Seexeba kontrSpionaJis sakiTxs am sferoSi daZabuloba `civi omis~
dros aqtiur fazaSi iyo. aRniSnul epoqaSi didi britaneTis mTeli
dazvervis aparatis Zalisxmeva mimarTuli iyo sabWoTa kavSirisa da
varSavis
xelSekrulebis
qveynebis
mzveravebisa
da
jaSuSebis
kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebebis Sesakaveblad. 1991 wels sabWoTa kavSiris
daSlis Semdeg aRniSnuli safrTxe SedarebiT Senelda, Tumca amis
miuxedavad didi britaneTis specsamsaxurebi ar aduneben yuradrebas
ucxoeTis moqalaqeebis mimarT da gansakuTrebiT detalurad akontroleben
ucxo qveynis diplomatiuri korpusis TanamSromelTa moRvaweobas.
kontrdazvervis samsaxuri (MI-5) 1992 wlidan aqtiurad Caeba masobrivi
ganadgurebis iaraRis gavrcelebis winaaRmdeg warmoebul globalur
brZolaSi. masobrivi ganadgurebis birTvuli iaraRis ZiriTadi tipebia:
qimiuri,
baqteorologiuri
da
biologiuri,
sxvadasxva
aqtiuri
komponentebisagan Seqmnili produqti potenciur safrTxes atarebs mTeli
civilizebuli samyarosaTvis.

MI-5 centraluri
Seicavs
sxvadasxva
qvedanayofs.

aparati Sedgeba Svidi direqtoratisgan, romelic

specifikuri
daniSnulebis
sammarTvelosa
da

direqtorati <A> sadazvervo operaciebisa da resursebis sammarTvelo.

pasuxismgebelia operatiul-teqnikuri aqciebis Catarebaze, axorcielebs
agentebis gadmobirebas, informaciis mopovebas da awesrigebs kontaqtebs
saxelmwifo organizaciebTan.
direqtorati
<B>
zedamxedvelobisa
da
materialur-teqnikuri
uzrunvelyofis sammarTvelo. aRniSnuli sammarTvelos funqciaSi Sedis
administraciuli, finansuri, teqnikuri da zurgis sakiTxebis koordinacia.
aRniSnuli direqtorati aseve arCevs kadrebs aramarto kontrdazvervisaTvis
aramed sxva saxelmwifo struqturebisTvisac. igi SeimuSavebs misaRebi
kadrebisaTvis
saWiro
moTxovnebis
sistemebs
da
gansazRvravs
maT
SesaZleblobebs. aRniSnuli sammarTvelos bazaze arsebobs specialuri
saswavlo centri, sadac mimdinareobs specsamsaxuris TanamSromelTa
kvalifikaciis amaRleba Semdgomi karieruli zrdisTvis.
direqtorati <C> sareJimo obieqtebis dacvis sammarTvelo. direqtoratis
ZiriTadi funqciebia:
oficerTa Semadgenlobisa da saxelmwifo samsaxurSi misaRebi
kandidatebis specSemowmeba.
saministroebisa da samxedro strategiuli obieqtebis dacva.
samxedro zonebSi reJimze monitoringi.
uSiSroebis oficerTa xelmZRvaneloba, romlebic mivlinebuli arian
sazRvao portebsa da aeroportebSi.
samobilizacio gegmebis SemuSaveba teroristuli safrTxis
moulodnelad warmoqmnis SemTxvevaSi.
ekonomikuri usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa.
direqtorati <D> kontrdazvervis sammarTvelo ebrZvis ucxo qveynis
jaSuSebs. uzrunvelyofs saxelmwifos prioritetul sferoebSi arsebuli
saidumlo informaciis dacvas.
direqtorati <E> saerTaSoriso terorizmTan brZolis sammarTvelo.
direqtorati <F> Sida teroristuli qselis winaaRmdeg
sammarTvelo, romelic irlandiel radikalebs ebrZvis.

mebrZoli

direqtorati <G> Sida uSiSroebis sammarTvelo, pasuxismgebelia MI-5

TanamSromelTa usafrTxoebaze.
rogorc britanuli presa iuwyeba MI-5 wliuri biujeti 200 milion funt
sterlings
Seadgens.
aqedan
biujetis
25%
gamoiyofa
irlandiis
teroristuli qselis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli aqciebis Casatareblad, 15%
gamoiyofa saerTaSoriso terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis da 17%
gamoiyofa
kontrdazverviTi
aqciebisTvis,
ucxo
qveynis
jaSuSTa
kanonsawinaaRmdego qmedebebis aRsakveTad.
didi britaneTis uSiSroebis samsaxurSi amJamad daaxloebiT 3000
adamiani muSaobs, struqturis TanamSromelTa 54%-is asaki jer 40 welsac ki
ar aris miRweuli.
MI-5 Tavisi specifikuri miznebis misaRwevad ZiriTadad 4 meTods iyenebs:
1.
2.
3.
4.

eleqtronuli TvalTvali da mosmenebi.

uSualo TvalTvali.
informaciis droulad daufleba da misi gamoyeneba.
mniSvnelovani informaciis matarebeli saidumlo agentebis gadabireba
da maTgan informaciis mopoveba.
MI-5 kontrdazverviTi
saqmianoba
da
misi
warmoebis
meTodebi
kontroldeba da regulirdeba didi britaneTis Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobiT,
riTac daculia da Seuvalia pirovnebis uflebebi.

dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuri - SIS (MI-6)

didi britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuri Seiqmna 1909 w. Tavdacvis
saimperio komitetis iniciativiT. Tavidan mas dazvervis saidumlo biuro
ewoda. igi ZiriTadad saxelmwifos interesebidan gamomdinare moRvaweobs
sazRvargareT, ucxo qveynis teritoriaze, sadac saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
anxorcielebs saidumlo dazverviT da sagareo kontrdazverviT aqciebs. 1994
wels amoqmedebuli sakanonmdeblo aqti (ISA) romelic aregulirebs didi
britaneTis dazvervis specsamsaxurebis saqmianobas aZlevs maT srul
uflebas
moipovon
informacia
da
akontrolon
saxelmwifos
mier
mivlinebuli oficialuri pirebi da maTi qmedebebi, romlebic imyofebian
sazRvargareT konkretuli davalebiT da moRvaweoben Semdeg sferoebSi:
nacionaluri
usafrTxoeba,
romelic
uSualod
aris
dakavSirebuli
saxelmwifos Tavdacvis da sagareo politikis formirebasTan; didi
britaneTisaTvis
mniSvnelovani
saerTaSoriso
ekonomikuri
warmomadgenlobebi; globaluri danaSaulebrivi sindikatebis winaaRmdeg
mebrZoli saerTaSoriso Zalovani organoebi.
dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuri (MI-6) mWidrod TanamSromlobs didi
britaneTis sxva specsamsaxurebTan: saxelmwifo uSiSroebis samsaxurTan (MI5), samTavrobo komunikaciebis centrTan (GCHQ), Tavdacvis saministrosTan,
sagareo da Tanamegobrobis saqmeTa saministrosTan (FCO), Sinagan saqmeTa
saministrosTan, samefo Semosavlebisa da sabaJo samsaxurebTan (HM Revenue
and Customs) da samefos saxelmwifo interesebis damcav sxva Sesabamis
struqturebTan.
didi britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuri xuTi direqtoratisagan
Sedgeba:
1. administraciul-sakadro direqtorati. orientirebulia sistemis marTvaze
da kadrebis SerCeva, realizaciaze.
2. operatiul davalebaTa SemuSavebis da sadazvervo produqciis momzadebis
direqtorati. davalebebs Rebulobs sagareo saqmeTa saministrosa da
Tavdacvis saministrosagan. aanalizebs mopovebul sadazvervo informacias
da agreTve amzadebs da realizebaSi uSvebs dazvervis oficialur
dokumentacias.
3. regionaluri kontrolis direqtorati. Sedgeba regionaluri da
geografiuli operatiuli ganyofilebebisagan. aRniSnuli direqtorati
ZiriTadad sazRvargareT agrovebs informacias sxvadasxva saxelmwifos
sagareo da saSinao politikuri viTarebis, maTi samxedro da ekonomikuri
potencialis Sesaxeb. agreTve igi danaSaulebriv qselSi nergavs odeerebs,
romlebic moipoveben saWiro informacias teroristuli da saerTaSoriso
organizebuli danaSaulebrivi sindikatebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb.
- didi britaneTis da
ganyofileba.
ZiriTadad

CrdiloeT irlandiis teritoriaze moqmedi

orientirebulia
strategiuli
informaciis

matarebel ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa gadmobirebaze, romlebic MI-6-is sxva

operatiuli
ganyofilebebisTvisac
warmoadgenen
interesis
obieqts.
ZiriTadad interesis sferoSi xvdebian ucxo qveynis diplomatiuri korpusis
da mudmivi warmomadgenlobis TanamSromlebi, mecnier muSakebi, sxvadasxva
sferoSi momuSave specialistebi, aspirantebi, studentebi, mezRvaurebi da
aviakompaniis TanamSromlebi.
londonis rezidenturas SemuSavebuli aqvs TvalTvalis konspirirebuli
meTodi, eweva kriptoanalizs, rac maT saSualebas aZlevs ucxo qveynis
diplomatiuri korpusis TanamSromlebi da dazvervisTvis mniSvnelobis
mqone pirebi mudmivi kontrolis qveS hyavdeT.
metad sainteresoa MI-6-is gadmobirebis specifika. dazvervis saidumlo
samsaxuri gadmobirebas ukeTebs ara marto ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebs, aramed
averbovkebs TviT britanelebsac ki, romlebic miemgzavrebian potenciuri
mowinaaRmdege saxelmwifos teritoriaze, an sazRvargareT aqvT garkveuli
saqmiani kavSirebi.
dazvervis
saidumlo
samsaxuri
gansakuTrebiT
dainteresebulia
politikuri dazverviT. gadmobirebiTi operaciebis Catarebisas dazvervis
TanamSromlebi
legendis
Sesabamisad
moqmedeben.
isini
ZiriTadad
diplomatiur warmomadgenlobaSi, saerTaSoriso organizaciebsa da kerZo
seqtoris qolgis qveS moRvaweoben, sinamdvileSi ki saidumlo informaciaze
nadiroben da xSirad gavlenis agentebis verbovkasac ewevian. sxva
saxelmwifoSi maTi namdvili saqmianobis gamoaSkaravebis SemTxvevaSi maT
eqstradicia moeliT.
evrokavSiris
teritoriaze
dazverviT
aqciebze
pasuxismgebeli
ganyofileba. evropis qveynebSi didi britaneTis dazverva ZiriTadad
diplomatiur korpusSi ganlagebuli rezidenturebis safarqveS myofebi
anxorcieleben SpionaJs. MI-6 TanamSromlobs NATO-s qveynebis dazvervis
samsaxurebTan. igi aqtiur TanamSromlobaSia aSS-is dazvervis centraluri
sammarTvelos
StabTan,
romelic
frankfurt-na-maineSi
mdebareobs.
partniorobis miuxedavad MI-6-is meore ganyofileba mainc ar erideba
evrokavSiris teritoriaze informaciis mopovebas da potenciuri agentebis
gadmobirebas.
- ganyofileba saxelwodebiT jgufi rusuli orbita Seiqmna gasuli
saukunis 20-ian wlebSi, rodesac jer isev sabWoTa kavSiri arsebobda. mesame
ganyofileba agreTve pasuxismgebeli iyo varSavis blokSi Semaval
saxelmwifoTa teritoriaze sadazvervo aqciebis Catarebaze. ganyofilebas
davalebuli hqonda didi britaneTis yvela saxelmwifo uwyebisaTvis
miewodebina informacia Tu ra mdgomareoba iyo mowinaaRmdege blokis
saxelmwifoebSi. civi omi-s dasrulebis Semdeg aRniSnulma ganyofilebam
gaagrZela moRvaweoba, oRond amieridan mas mxolod ruseTis federaciis
teritoriaze uxdeba moqmedeba.

- metad strategiul xasiaTs atarebs axlo aRmosavleTis sakiTxebze

momuSave ganyofileba. aRniSnul ganyofilebas rezidenturebi ganlagebuli
aqvs: israelSi, siriaSi, TurqeTSi, iranSi, libanSi da a.S. xangrZlivi drois
manZilze axlo aRmosavleTSi daZabulobis centri libani gaxldaT, swored
amitomac MI-6-is
regionaluri rezidenturac beiruTSi mdebareobda,
romelic akontrolebda mTel arabul saxelmwifoebSi moqmed agenturul
qsels.
- Soreuli aRmosavleTis ganyofileba zveravs aRniSnul teritoriaze
mdebare saxelmwifoebSi arsebul viTarebas. ZiriTadi rezidenturebi
ganlagebulia:
iaponiaSi,
singapurSi,
malaiziaSi,
indoneziaSi
da
filipinebze. aRniSnul regionSi arsebuli sirTuleebis gadasaWrelad didi
britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris rezidenturebi kontaqtebs
amyareben avstraliisa da axali zelandiis Sesabamis struqturebTan, rac
uadvilebs maT aRniSnul regionSi moqmedebas.
- laTinuri qveynebis ganyofileba aanalizebs am regionSi arsebul
mdgomareobas. sxva rezidenturebs Soris metad aqtiurad moqmedebs
argentinis
rezidentura.
aRniSnuli
rezidentura
gansakuTrebuli
yuradRebis qveS iyo aRmosavleT folklendis (soledadi) da dasavleT
folklendis (grand-malvini) kunZulebis da kidev 200 mcire kunZulis gamo
dawyebuli krizisis periodSi. saidumlo faqtori, romelmac did britaneTs
warmateba moutana 1982 wels argentinasTan, folklendis kunZulebis gamo
arsebul konfliqtSi iyo saidumlo kavSiri aSS-is dazvervis centralur
sammarTvelosTan, Ciles samxedro dazvervasa da israelis dazvervis
samsaxur mosad-s Soris. am kavSirma saSualeba misca margaret teCers
gamoeyenebina
mokavSireTa
teritoria
da
aerodromebi
mzveravi
TviTmfrinavebis asafrenad.
4. sagareo kontrdazvervis da uSiSroebis direqtorati. Seiswavlis da
amuSavebs
ucxo
qveynebis
specsamsaxurebs.
uzrunvelyofs
inglisis
dazvervis saqmianobis usafrTxoebas da konfidencialurobas.
5. specdazvervis direqtorati, MI-6-is qvedanayofebs amaragebs Tanamedrove
operatiul-teqnikuri saSualebebiT,
romlebic
aadvilebs
operatiulagenturul saqmianobas.
dazvervis
saidumlo
samsaxurSi
funqcionirebs:
mrCevlis
jgufi
saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis sakiTxebSi da kavSiris jgufi aSS-sa da sxva
qveynebis specsamsaxurebTan.
1994 wels MI-6-is wliuri biujeti 150 milion funt sterlings Seadgenda,
xolo ukve 1995 wels biujeti 10 milioniT Semcirda. 2010-2011 wlebis
monacemebiT cnobilia mxolod dazvervis samsaxurebis gaerTianebuli
wliuri biujeti, romelic 2.3 miliard funt sterlings Seadgenda da ara
cal-calke aRebuli samsaxuris biujeti. MI-6-is dafinanseba xorcieldeba
sagareo saqmeTa saministros mier.

didi wvlili SeaqvT MI-6-is TanamSromlebs globaluri terorizmis

winaaRmdeg mimdinare brZolaSi. vfiqrobT aRniSnuli specsamsaxurebis
brZola globaluri wesrigisaTvis gamoiRebs sasurvel Sedegs, mTavaria
brZola iyos samarTliani da mizandasaxuli.
erT-erTi gaxmaurebuli specoperacia, romelSic didi britaneTis
dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuri iyo CarTuli cnobilia berlinis gvirabi
operacia oqros saxeliT. germania, meore msoflio omis Semdeg 1945 wels
gayofil iqna 4 saokupacio zonad. 1949 wels amerikuli, franguli da
britanuli zonisgan Seiqmna germaniis federaciuli respublika, xolo
sabWoTa zonisgan Seiqmna germaniis demokratiuli respublika. gfr-is
dedaqalaqad gamocxadda boni, xolo gdr-is dedaqalaqad gamocxadda
aRmosavleT berlini. britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris yvelaze
didi rezidentura ganlagebuli iyo dasavleT berlinSi. rezidenturaSi
muSaobda 100 dazvervis oficeri da teqnikuri sferos TanamSromlebi.
rezidenturis safarad gamoyenebuli iyo britaneTis armia da sakontrolo
komisia. rezidenturaSi moqmedebda ramdenime ganyofileba, romlebsac
sxvadasxva specifikuri mimarTuleba qondaT Cabarebuli: politikuri
informaciis mopoveba, sabWoTa kavSiris da gdr-is SeiaraRebul ZalebSi
SeRweva da operatiul-teqnikuri aqciebis Catareba.
dasavleT berlinis teritoriaze aqtiurad moqmedi britaneTis dazvervis
saidumlo samsaxuris rezidentura dakompleqtebuli iyo gamocdili
mzveravebiT, romlebic iyvnen agenturuli saqmis da teqnikuri operaciebis
specialistebi. 1950-ian wlebSi venidan dasavleT berlinSi gaigzavna
britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris gamocdili TanamSromeli piter
lani, romelic venaSi aqtiur rezidenturas xelmZRvanelobda. britaneTis
dazvervis samsaxuris SefasebiT venis rezidenturam did warmatebebs
miaRwia
avstriaSi
dislocirebuli
sabWoTa
armiis
satelefono
komunikaciebSi SeRwevis da strategiuli mniSvnelobis informaciis
gadaWeris Semdeg. mopovebuli informaciis gasaanalizeblad londonSi
dauyonebliv Seiqmna specialuri qvedanayofi teqnikuri operaciebis
ganyofileba,
romelic
dakompleqtda
iseTi
mzveravebiT,
romlebic
Tavisuflad flobdnen rusul enas. eseni ZiriTadad iyvnen rusi
aristokrati emigrantebis STamomavlebi, romlebic msaxurobdnen britaneTis
dazvervis saidumlo samsaxurSi.
1952-1953 w.w. dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuri da dazvervis centraluri
saagento SeTanxmdnen erToblivad SeemuSavebinaT specoperacia. londonSi
gaimarTa aSS-is da britaneTis dazvervis samsaxurebis warmomadgenelTa
ramdenime Sexvedra. britaneTis mxridan operaciaSi monawileobdnen: jorj
iangi, SemdgomSi britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris generaluri
direqtoris moadgile; Tom jimsoni, teqnikuri operaciebis ganyofilebidan;
piter lani da mxardaWeris jgufebi. aSS-is mxridan: frenk rouleti,
operatiuli direqtoratis sabWoTa ganyofilebis ufrosi; bil xarvi,
centraluri sadazvervo saagentos dasaveT berlinis rezidenturis
xelmZRvaneli.

dasavleTis specsamsaxurebis samizne iyo sabWoTa kavSiris satelefono

da satelegrafo kabelebi, romelic aRmosavleT berlinis teritoriaze
gadioda miwisqveS, aRniSnuli komunikaciebiT xorcieldeboda samxedro
qvedanayofebis, kontrdazvervisa da diplomatiuri samsaxurebis kavSiri.
saWiro iyo miwisqveSa gvirabis gaWra, sabWoTa kontrolirebad teritoriaze
SeRweva da informaciis mopoveba. operaciis dasagegmad moipoves kabelebis
mdebareobis aRmniSvneli ruka da sqemebi, romelic aSS-sa da britaneTis
dazvervis samsaxurebs gadasca gdr-is fostisa da telegrafis saministros
gadabirebulma TanamSromlebma.
anglo-amerikul
jgufSi
movaleobebi
Semdegnairad
gadanawilda:
centraluri sadazvervo saagento afinansebda samuSaoebs, uzrunvelyofda
gvirabis gasaWrelad saWiro muSa Zalebs; britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo
samsaxuri operacias uzrunvelyofda specialuri aparaturiT da teqnikuri
mowyobilobiT, mosasmeni sadguris specialistebiT da operatorebiT.
informaciis
damuSaveba
da
Sefaseba
xorcieldeboda
erToblivi
specialistebis jgufiT.
specoperaciis
Sesaxeb
dasawyisSive
gaxda
cnobili
sabWoTa
kontrdazvervisTvis. specoperaciis gegma gasca centraluri sadazvervo
saagentosa da britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris mier londonSi
gamarTuli TaTbirebis monawilem da operaciis damgegmavi jgufis aqtiurma
wevrma, sabWoTa kavSiris jaSuSma jorj bleikma. dasavleT berlinSi
gvirabis gaTxris samuSaoebi SeniRbuli iyo, rogorc saradaro sistemebis
montaJis da aSS-is samxedro sahaero ZalebisTvis sawyobis mSenebloba.
samuSaoebi daiwyo 1954 wels da dasrulda 1955 wels. 1956 wels sadazvervo
gvirabi
amxiles
sabWoTa
specsamsaxurebma.
specoperacia
goldis
farglebSi mopovebuli informaciis damuSaveba gagrZelda 1958 wlamde.
aRmoCenili sadazvervo gvirabi sabWoTa mxarem dauyonebliv gaacno presas
da Sefasda, rogorc saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebis darRveva da
danaSaulebrivi aqti. specoperaciis xarjebma 7 milion dollars miaRwia,
rac im droisTvis did Tanxas warmoadgenda da mianiSnebs specoperaciis
mniSvnelobaze.
did britaneTSi didi xmauri gamoiwvia e.w. kembrijis xuTeulis
jaSuSurma saqmianobam, romlis wevrebic ssrks sasargeblod moqmedebdnen
didi britaneTis interesebis sazianod. inglisSi arsebuli situaciis
analizis Semdeg sabWoTa dazvervis xelmZRvanelebma gadawyvites, rom
momavali gavlenis agentebi kembrijisa da oqsfordis universitetebSi
moeZebnaT. aRniSnuli sadazvervo davalebiT londonSi Cavida ssrks Sinagan
saqmeTa erovnuli komisariatis axalgazrda TanamSromeli arnold deiCi,
Sinagan saqmeTa komisariatis
kadrebis sammarTveloSi aRricxuli iyo,
rogorc stefan langi, avstrieli ebraeli. samecniero da studenturi
sferos ukeT Seswavlis mizniT, sabWoTa agenti londonis universitetis
fsiqologiis fakultetze msmenelad Cairicxa, xolo Semdeg doqtoris
xarisxic daicva da leqciebis kiTxvasac Seudga. inglisis aristokratiul
da samecniero wreebSi maT Soris studentobaSic iyvnen memarcxene
Sexedulebebis
mqone
adamianebi.
deiCma
sabWoTa
dazvervasTan

saTanamSromlod gadmoibira ramdenime aTeuli agenti, maT Soris agentTa

oqros jaWvi e.w. kembrijis xuTeuli. 1934 wels bistroletovTan erTad
gadmoibira britaneTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros kavSiris marTvis
sammarTvelos kriptologi kapitani kingi, romlis xelSewyobiTac ssrks
xeli
miuwvdeboda
britaneTis
sagareo
saqmeTa
saministrosa
da
diplomatiuri korpusis saidumlo informaciaze. 1938 wels deiCma da misma
meuRlem miiRo sabWoTa moqalaqeoba da pasportebi stefan langi
grigoreviCis da Jozefina pavlovnas saxelebze. langi mravalmxriv
ganaTlebuli pirovneba iyo, britaneTSi 4 patenti daaregistrira, maT Soris
mfrinavebis saswavlo trenaJori, romelic gadaagzavna moskovSi. is iyo
aseve mravali operatiuli mowyobilobebis da konstruqciebis avtori da
uxilavi melnis receptis avtori. davubrundeT kembrijis xuTeulSi,
Semaval
pirebs,
romlebmac
gadabirebidan
ramdenime
weliwadSi
mniSvnelovani sakvanZo postebi daikava britaneTis xelisuflebaSi, sagareo
saqmeTa da finansTa saministroebSi, dazvervisa da kontrdazvervis
samsaxurebSi. maT winsvlas gegmavda da xels uwyobda sabWoTa dazverva. am
agentebma SeZles aqtiurad emuSavaT da kremilisTvis ramdenime aTeuli
aTasi umniSvnelovanesi dokumenti miewodebinaT. gai berjesi-samxedro
dazverva, sagareo saqmeTa saministro; donald makleini-sagareo saqmeTa
saministro; entoni blanti, agenturuli jgufis xelmZRvaneli-samxedro
kontrdazverva, mefe georg VI-is mrCeveli; kim filbi-maRal Tanamdebobebs
ikavebda MI6-sa da MI5-Si da jon kernqrosi-sagareo saqmeTa saministro,
samxedro dazverva.

samTavrobo komunikaciebis centri (GCHQ)

britaneTis samTavrobo komunikaciebis centri globaluri teqnikuri
dazvervis warmoebasa da ucxoeTis rezidenturebTan saidumlo kavSirebis
sawarmoeblad
specteqnikis
gamarTul
muSaobazea
pasuxismgebeli.
konspiraciis mizniT aRniSnuli samsaxuri sagareo saqmeTa saministros
struqturaSi Sedis, magram saministrosagan damoukideblad funqcionirebs.
samTavrobo komunikaciebis centris xelmZRvaneli amavdroulad sagareo
saqmeTa ministris moadgile gaxlavT, magram ar eqvemdebareba mas, is
mxolod premier-ministrs emorCileba da mis winaSea pasuxismgebeli.
samTavrobo komunikaciebis centris periferiuli qvedanayofebi, romlebic
britaneTis samxedro bazebis teritoriazea ganTavsebuli Tavdacvis
saministros struqturaSi Sedis.
samTavrobo komunikaciebis centri 1946 wels Seiqmna, igi kodebis da
Sifrebis saxelganTqmuli saxelmwifo skolis memkvidre gaxlavT, romelic
radioSpionaJis mizniT 1919 wels iyo Seqmnili. britaneTis saxelmwifo
komunikaciis centris specialistebis didi nawili 1952 wels Seqmnili aSS-s
nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentos TanamSromlebis maswavleblebi iyvnen.
aRniSnuli periodidan es ori uwyeba mWidro kontaqtebs inarCuneben. didi
britaneTi aSS-s mTavari partnioria evropis kontinentze teqnikuri
SpionaJis ECHELON warmoebis sakiTxebSi. inglisis teritoriasa da
ucxoeTSi samTavrobo komunikaciis centrs araerTi radioeleqtronuli
signalebis
mompovebeli
sadguri
aqvs
ganTavsebuli.
samTavrobo
komunikaciebis centri britaneTis sxva samsaxurebs Soris yvelaze msxvili
organoa. centri aqtiurad TanamSromlobs dazvervisa da kontrdazvervis
samsaxurebTan. erToblivi saqmianobis koordinaciis mizniT 1960-ian wlebSi
Seiqmna aRniSnuli sami specsamsaxuris gaerTianebuli komiteti.
saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis sferoSi centri amyarebs da anviTarebs
ormxriv da mravalmxriv urTierTobebs msoflios sxvadasxva qveynebis
specsamsaxurebTan, magram maT Soris gansakuTrebulad TanamSromlobs aSS-s
nacionaluri
usafrTxoebis
saagentosTan,
kanadis
komunikaciebis
usafrTxoebis
dawesebulebasTan,
avstraliis
Tavdacvis
signalebis
direqtorati da axali zelandiis mTavrobis komunikaciebis usafrTxoebis
biuro.
samTavrobo komunikaciebis centrs xelmZRvanelobs direqtori da
korporaciuli sabWo, romelic aRmasrulebeli funqciebiT aRWurvili da
aRmasrulebeli funqciebis armqone direqtorebisgan Sedgeba. korporaciuli
sabWos winaSe angariSvaldebulia:
-

radio-eleqtronuli dazvervis misia, moicavs maTematikur gaTvlebs

da kriptoanalizs, aiti kompiuteruli sistemebis marTvas, lingvistTa
da TarjimanTa mier sadazvervo informaciis Targmnas da damuSavebas
centris sawarmo moicavs kvleviT teqnologiebs, informaciul da
biometriul
sistemebs,
aRniSnul
sferoSi
awarmoebs
codnis
gaRrmavebas sakuTar saswavlo dawesebulebebSi da britanuli

komerciuli organizaciebis teqnikuri komunikaciebis sistemuri

bazebis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT uziarebs maT dagrovil
gamocdilebas
korporaciuli menejmenti, moicavs sawarmos resursebis dagegmvas,
adamianuri resursebis, Sida auditisa da arqiteqturis jgufs
komunikaciebis da eleqtro sistemebis usafrTxoebis jgufi exmareba
mTavrobis
departamentebs
komunikaciebis
usafrTxoebis
uzrunvelyofaSi saerTo erovnuli interesebidan gamomdinare
teqnikuri enebis gaerTianebuli samsaxuri, Seiqmna 1955 wels.
Tavdapirvelad
samsaxuri
saqmianobis
warmoebisas
eyrdnoboda
Tavdacvis saministros teqnikuri enebis jgufis gamocdilebas.
Semdgom wlebSi saqmis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT gafarTovda
gaerTianebuli teqnikuri enebis samsaxuris funqciebi. samsaxuri eweva
nebismieri ucxo enidan informaciis Targmnas da damuSavebas misi
Semdgom analitikuri jgufebisTvis gadacemis mizniT, anviTarebs
kompiuteruli
saTargmni
programebis
momzadebas
da
eleqtro
leqsikonebis damuSavebas.

samTavrobo komunikaciebis centris axal Stab-binas formis gamo

funTuSa ewoda. centris Senobis mSenebloba 330 milioni funt sterling
dajda. oficialurad samsaxuris Stab-binis gaxsnis TariRad 2004 wlis 25
marti iTvleba, rodesac kompleqs dedofali elisabed II da edinburgis
hercogi ewvivnen. aRniSnuli vizitisas elisabedma xeli moawera Sesabamis
nebarTvas, romliTac daadastura centris axali Stab-binis gaxsna.

britaneTis samxedro dazvervis saagento

britaneTis samxedro dazverva sxva dazvervis organizaciebisagan
gansxvavebiT
ar
aris
damoukidebeli
organizacia,
igi
Tavdacvis
saministros
mniSvnelovani
qvedanayofia
da
Tavdacvis
saministros
biujetidan finansdeba. aRniSnul samxedro struqturaSi muSaobs, rogorc
samxedro ise samoqalaqo personali, samxedro mosamsaxureebis raodenoba
saagentoSi 60% Seadgens.
samxedro dazvervis mier mopovebul sadazvervo informacias Tavisi
saqmianobis warmoebisas aqtiurad iyenebs dazvervis gaerTianebuli komiteti
da britaneTis mTeli rigi samTavrobo uwyebebi.
1964 wels Seiqmna didi britaneTis Tavdacvis saministro, romlis
farglebSi Seiqmna samxedro dazvervis centralizirebuli sistema, sadac
gaerTianda sazRvao dazvervis sammarTvelo da sxva calke moqmedi
dazvervis qvedanayofebi. 2010 wlamde aRniSnul samsaxurs Tavdacvis
dazvervis Stabs uwodebdnen, 2010 wlidan man ukve amJamindeli saxelwodeba
miiRo.
samxedro dazvervis saagentos sam varskvlaviani generali an admirali
xelmZRvanelobs, romelic samefo samxedro Zalebis yvela tipis SenaerTebis
dazverviTi saqmianobis koordinacias awarmoebs, mas 2 tipis moadgile yavs,
samoqalaqo, da samxedro: 1. pasuxismgebelia sadazvervo monacemebis
analizis, mimoxilvis da prognozirebis sferoSi; 2. samxedro moadgile
pasuxismgebelia informaciis mopovebaze, kartografiaze da dazvervis
personalis momzadebis sakiTxebze.
samxedro dazvervis ufrosis pirveli moadgile xelmZRvanelobs
analitikur, mimoxilvis da prognozirebis sferoSi moqmed qvedanayofebs:

strategiuli Sefasebebis sammarTvelo

SeiaraRebuli sistemebis da teqnologiebis Sefasebis sammarTvelo

operatiuli sammarTvelo

mxardaWerisa da uzrunvelyofis sammarTvelo

samxedro
dazvervis
ufrosis
meore
moadgile
pasuxismgebelia
specializirebuli tipis dazvervis, kartografiuli uzrunvelyofis da
SeiaraRebuli
ZalebisTvis
dazvervis
da
usafrTxoebis
kadrebis
momzadebaze. mis kompetenciaSi Sedis samxedro dazvervis ori ZiriTadi
teritoriuli qvedanayofis marTva: monacemebis Semgrovebeli jgufi da
samxedro dazvervis da usafrTxoebis centri.
monacemebis Semgrovebel jgufSi Sedis:

samxedro-geografiuli centri

sahaero dazvervis gaerTianebuli centri

kosmosuri da geosivrciTi dazvervis gaerTianebuli centri

radio-eleqtronuli dazvervis gaerTianebuli centri

agenturuli dazvervis sammarTvelo

samxedro dazvervis da usafrTxoebis centri Seiqmna 1996 wels. centri

Sedgeba Stab-binisa da samxedro dazvervis kolejisagan.
inglisis samxedro dazvervis saagento CarTulia mTel rig globalur
SeiaraRebul specoperaciebSi:

erayis koaliciur operaciebSi

natos samxedro Zalebis soecoperaciebi avRaneTsa da bosniaSi

gaeros humanitarul da mSvidobis xelSemwyob operaciebSi:

siera-leoneSi, liberia, kviprosi, eriTria da kongos demokratiuli
respublika

samxedro dazverva da zogadad

ramdenime wyarodan moipoveben:

dazvervis

samsaxurebi

informacias

adamianuri resursebi informatorebi

gamosaxulebiTi dazverva satelitebisgan da mfrinavi aparatebisgan

miRebuli foto da gamosaxulebiTi informacia

sadazvervo signalebi monacemTa da xmovani informaciis sxvadasxva

komunikaciebidan farulad moxsna da eqspluatacia

Ria wyaroebi interneti, media da presa

specialuri sahaero samsaxuri - SAS

inglisis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis specdaniSnulebis razmebs xangrZlivi
istoriuli gamocdileba gaaCniaT. istoriulad cnobilia, rom ingliselebma
aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes I da II msoflio omebSi da meoce saukunis
meore naxevris araerT samxedro konfliqtSi, ramac didi sabrZolo
gamocdileba SesZina specialuri daniSnulebis elitur razmebs. udidesi
yuradReba eqceva sardlobis mxridan britaneTis
specialuri sahaero
sadazvervo-diversiuli Zalebis (Special Air Service) momzadebas. specialuri
sahaero samsaxuri gaxlavT didi britaneTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis korpusi,
romelic warmodgenilia sam polkad, esenia: 21-e, 22-e da 23-e polkebi.
aRniSnuli specsamsaxuris SemadgenlobaSi daaxloebiT 2000 adamiani
msaxurobs. specrazmis ZiriTadi daniSnulebaa aqtiuri an potenciuri mtris
winaaRmdeg kontrteroristuli da sadazvervo-diversiuli aqciebis warmoeba
politikuri, ekonomikuri, samxedro da moraluri potencialis ganadgurebis
mizniT.
sahaero diversiuli specrazmis pirveli polki (legion) 1941 wels vicepolkovnikma devid stirlingma Camoayaliba. polks sabotaJis da diversiis
aqtebi unda ewarmoebina mtris zurgSi. omis droindel britanul
specrazmebSi Sediodnen rodeziis, avstraliis, safrangeTis, belgiis da
sxva mokavSire qveynebis eskadronebi. 1945 wels rodesac omis Semdeg
inglisis sahaero specrazmi droebiT daiSala, sxvadasxva erovnebis
jariskacebma SeinarCunes britaneTis sahaero specrazmis forma, aqsesuarebi
da kvlav daubrundnen mSobliuri qveynis SeiaraRebul ZalebSi samsaxurs.
mogvianebiT didi britaneTis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis sardlobam axali
konfliqtebis fonze aRadgina sahaero specrazmi, romelic SeiaraRebuli
konfliqtebis SemTxvevaSi Seucvlel Zalas warmoadgens. 1947 wels didi
britaneTis teritoriuli armia gardaiqmna specialur sahaero-sadesanto
samsaxurad, SAS-is teritoriul 21-e moxaliseTa polkad, am TariRidan
iRebs saTaves britaneTis omis Semdgomi sahaero specrazmis istoria. 1952
wels Camoyalibda msoflioSi Tavisi gansakuTrebuli struqturiT da
saqmianobis specifikiT cnobili specialuri sahaero samsaxuris 22-e polki,
daarsebisTanave polki aqtiurad Caeba britaneTis mier malaiziaSi
warmoebul saomar moqmedebebSi. 1960 wlidan 22-e polki hiafordis
specialur bazazea dislocirebuli, romelsac aRniSnuli samsaxuris
Semqmnelis sapativcemlod ewoda Stirling Lines. 1959 wels Seiqmna specialuri
sahaero samsaxuris meore teritoriuli 23-e polki, romelic moxalise
rezervistebisgan dakompleqtda.
21-e da 23-e polkebi teritoriuli armiis sistemaSi Sedian, samxedro
sistemis identuri struqturebi gaaCniaT da maT armiis oficrebi
xelmZRvaneloben. 21-e polkis Stabi ganTavsebulia londonis raion CelsiSi
mdebare kazarmebSi, xolo misi eskadronebi ganTavsebulia teritoriuli
armiis moxaliseTa rezervis centrebSi: dalviCSi, hiCinSi da aseve koSemSi,
portsmuTTan axlos. 23-e polkis eskadronebi ganTavsebulia lidsSi

dandisTan axlos da aseve port-glazgosa da prudxouSi niukaslTan axlos.

rac Seexeba 22-e polks, gansakuTrebuli daniSnulebis da specifikuri
aqciebis warmoebis mizniT gansxvavebuli tipis struqturul SenaerTs
warmoadgens da avtonomiur erTeulad aris Camoyalibebuli. 22-e polki
Sedgeba Stabisgan, oTxi aseulisgan da 264-e kavSiris uzrunvelyofis
aseulis qvedanayofisgan, garda amisa polkSi Sedis saswavlo centri,
operatiuli-sadazvervo,
antiteroristuli
da
operatiuli-kvleviTi
qvedanayofebi. specialuri daniSnulebis razmis gansakuTrebuli aseuli
(Sabre Squadron)
warmoadgens
polkis
ZiriTad
sadazvervo-diversiul
qvedanayofs,
romelic
Sedgeba
mmarTveli
jgufisa
da
oTxi
ganyofilebisgan: saparaSuto, amfibiuri, mobiluri da samTo, yoveli
ganyofileba Sedgeba 16 specrazmelisgan, saomari moqmedebis procesSi
TiToeuli ganyofileba iyofa oTx sapatrulo jgufad, romelSic oTx-oTxi
specrazmeli Sedis. jgufebs gaaCniaT TavianTi specializacia da moqmedebis
winaswar gansazRvruli konkretuli samoqmedo garemo da zona. saparaSuto
oceuli (Air Troop) gamoiyeneba junglebsa da tyian masivSi samoqmedod, maTi
desantireba ZiriTadad haeridan xorcieldeba, amfibiuri oceuli (Boat Troop)
gamoiyeneba wyliT dafarul sanapiro zolSi specaqciebis warmoebisTvis,
romlis
ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia, rogorc wyalqveS ise wylis
zedapirze, mobiluri oceuli (Mobility Troop) gankuTvnilia gaSlil
adgilebSi, ZiriTadad udabnosa da stepebSi samoqmedod, samTo oceuli
(Mountain Troop) moqmedebs mTian, agreTve CrdiloeTisa da arqtikul
regionebSi, maTi desantireba xorcieldeba ZiriTadad sahaero an sazRvao
saSualebebiT. specialuri sahaero samsaxuris specrazmis yvela mosamsaxure
saerTo sabazo mosamzadebel kurs gadis, rac maT saSualebas aZlevs
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebul situaciebSi Tavisuflad imoqmedon.
22-e polkis saswavlo centrSi (Training wing) xorcieldeba specrazmSi
Caricxvis msurvel kandidatTa SerCeva da Semdeg maTi specmomzadeba.
centrSi swavlebas uZRvebian gamocdili instruqtorebi (serJantebi da
oficrebi), romlebic 5 welze meti xnis manZilze msaxuroben SAS-Si.
saswavlo centri anviTarebs specialur mosamzadebel kursebs da agreTve
polkebis mzadyofnis xarisxis gaumjobesebis mizniT detalur monitorings
atarebs.
22-e polkis operatiuli-sadazvervo qvedanayofi (Operational Intelligence Unit)
strategiuli
informaciiT
uzrunvelyofs
specdaniSnulebis
razmebs.
sxvadasxva specoperaciis srulyofilad Catarebis mizniT dazvervis
qvedanayofi iseTi strategiuli informaciis mopovebas uzrunvelyofs,
rogoricaa:
geografiuli
pirobebi,
istoria,
kultura,
religia,
mowinaaRmdegis samxedro potenciali da kontrdiversiuli qvedanayofebis
mdgomareoba. dazvervis qvedanayofs Seqmnili aqvs specialuri sainformacio
baza, romelic Seicavs radikaluri qveynebis, yvela tipis teroristuli
organizaciis, misi wevrebis da maT mier ganxorcielebuli qmedebebis
detalur informacias. aRniSnuli qvedanayofi aqtiurad TanamSromlobs
didi britaneTis dazvervis, kontrdazvervis, samxedro dazvervisa da NATO-

s specialur qvedanayofebTan, radgan misi sadazvervo moRvaweobis xarisxi

maRalia, xolo informacia strategiulad mniSvnelovani.
22-e polkis antiteroristuli qvedanayofi (Counter Revolutionary Warfare Unit)
1973 wels Camoyalibda. qvedanayofi Seiqmna kontrteroristuli da mZevlebis
ganmaTavisuflebeli specoperaciebis kvalificiurad Catarebis mizniT.
22-e polkis operatiuli-kvlevebis qvedanayofi (Operational Research Unit)
Seiqmna specrazmis SeiaraRebis testirebisa da specialuri aRWurvilobis
kvlevebis warmoebis mizniT.
22-e polkis piradi Semadgenloba 700 mosamsaxures aRwevs, maTi uniforma
da aRWurviloba saomari moqmedebebis tipisa da regionis specifikidan
gamomdinare SeirCeva.
specialuri
sahaero
samsaxuris
rigebis
dakompleqteba
zogadad
axalgazrda samxedro mosamsaxureebisa da moxalise moqalaqeebisgan xdeba,
romelTa asaki 18 dan 32 wlamde ganisazRvreba. SAS-is 21-e da 23-e
teritoriuli armiis polkebSi samsaxurod miiRebian, rogorc samxedro ise
samoqalaqo pirebi da amitomac isini mxardamWer razmebs warmoadgenen,
romlebic ufro metad konfliqtebis daregulirebisTvis gamoiyenebian,
gansxvavebuli moTxovnebiT kompleqtdeba SAS-is 22-e polki, romlis rigebSi
mxolod
gamocdili
samxedro
mosamsaxureebi
miiRebian
da
maTi
kvalifikaciidan gamomdinare iseTi rTuli misiebis Sesruleba evalebaT,
rogorebicaa: SemteviTi, usafrTxoebis uzrunvelmyofi, antirevoluciuri da
kontrteroristuli kampaniebis warmoeba.
inglisis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis sardloba aRniSnavs, rom specialur
sahaero ZalebSi samsaxuri sapatio, romantiuli, mravalmxrivi momzadebis
momcemi da aseve kargad anazRaurebadi saqmea. specrazmis rigebSi moxvedris
msurveli
kandidatebi
unda
akmayofilebdnen,
rogorc
dadgenil
janmrTelobis da fsiqologiur normebs aseve asakobriv kategoriebs:
oficrebisTvis 22-34 weli da sxva kategoriis samxedro mosamsaxureebisTvis
19-32 weli. kandidatebis SesarCevi kursi 5 fazisgan Sedgeba:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

fizikuri SesaZleblobebis da orientirebis unaris Semowmeba.

gamZleobis da nebisyofis xarisxis Semowmeba.
taqtika, samxedro topografia.
paraSutiT xtoma sxvadasxva tipis simaRleebidan.
nebismier ucxo garemoSi da eqstremalur pirobebSi TviTgadarCenis
SesaZleblobebis testireba.

kandidatebi, romlebic warmatebulad gadian SesarCev kurs, ZiriTadi

momzadebis Semdgom programas 22-e polkis bazaze arsebul saswavlo
centrSi euflebian. mkacri etapebis gavlis Semdeg xuTidan mxolod erTi
kandidati aformebs kontraqts. SAS-is rigebSi miRebul axalbedebs 5 etapad
dayofili specialuri saswavlo programis gavla uwevT:

1. sacecxle momzadeba, sxvadasvxa tipis iaraRidan srolis teqnika

nebismieri mdgomareobidan, sibneleSi, xmaursa Tu Warbi sinaTlis
pirobebSi.
2. TviTgadarCenis kursi rTul bunebriv pirobebSi.
3. savaldebulo kursebi: xelCarTuli brZola, samedicino pirveladi
daxmarebis
gaweva
savele
pirobebSi
sabrZolo
moqmedebebisas,
topografia, mTasvleloba, akvalangiT curva, niCbosnoba da navis
marTva, sadazvervo-diversiuli moqmedebebis taqtikurad damuSaveba.
4. radio eleqtronuli kavSiris saqme.
5. saparaSuto momzadeba Ramisa da dRis ganmavlobaSi nebismier
pirobebSi.
ZiriTadi mosamzadebeli kursis pirveli fazis dasrulebis Semdeg
specrazmelebi abareben CaTvlebs ganvlil disciplinebSi, dadebiTi pasuxis
SemTxvevaSi
specrazmelebi
meore
ZiriTadi
mosamzadebeli
fazis
Sesaswavlad igzavnebian bruneis junglebSi sabrZolo moqmedebebis
specialuri 6 kviriani mosamzadebeli kursis gasavlelad, xolo CaTvlaSi
CaWrili
kandidatebi
ki
maTi
survilis
SemTxvevaSi
nawildebian
teritoriuli armiis nawilebSi samsaxurod. junglebSi saomari moqmedebis
kursis
dasrulebis
da
specrazmelebis
mier
savele
pirobebSi
ganxorcielebuli moqmedebebis SefasebiT momzadebis meore etapi mTavrdeba,
dadebiTi Sefasebis misaRebad razmma unda moaxdinos SeZenili unar-Cvevebis
kvalificiuri demonstrireba.
hiafordis bazaze dabrunebisTanave specrazmelebi, romlebsac ar
gaaCniaT paraSutistis kvalifikacia igzavnebian ZiriTadi momzadebis mesame
daskvniTi etapis gasavlelad. kursis dasasruls specrazmelebi 12 Tviani
gamosacdeli vadiT msaxuroben sapatrulo jgufebSi sadac imaRleben
kvalifikacias konkretuli specialobis mixedviT. oTx kacian sapatrulo
jgufSi Semavali samxedro mosamsaxureebi floben iseT specialobebs,
rogoricaa: medikosi, diversanti, radisti da Tarjimani. katarsa da
arabeTis gaerTianebul saamiroebSi specrazmelebi varjiSoben udabnos
pirobebSi avto-moto teqnikis marTvisa da gamoyenebis meTodebs. xvewen
udabnoSi omis warmoebis taqtikas, sabrZolo moqmedebebisas aqtiurad
iyeneben GPS mowyobilobebs da Ramis xedvis saTvaleebs.
antiteroristuli momzadebis programa specdaniSnulebis razmis yvela
tipis nawilebisTvis savaldebulo kursia.
II msoflio omis wlebSi britaneTis kolonia malaizia, iaponiis mier iyo
okupirebuli. okupantebis winaaRmdeg sabrZolvelad britaneTma aRWurva da
SeaiaraRa malaiziis erovnuli ganmaTavisuflebeli armia. omis dasrulebis
Semdeg yofilma mokavSireebma aRar isurves ganiaraReba da amjerad
britaneTs
daupirispirdnen.
1948
wlis
ivnisSi
malaiziis
ganmaTavisuflebeli
armiis
nawilebma
daiwyes
sabrZolo
kompania
britaneTis qveynidan gandevnis mizniT. situacia malaiziaSi yovel wels
uaresdeboda,
britaneTis
xelmZRvanelobam
aRniSnuli
krizisis
daregulireba maik kalverts daavala, romelic omis wlebSi SAS-is

brigadas meTaurobda. specsamsaxurSi SeSlil maikad wodebulma kalvertma

detalurad Seiswavla sakiTxi da 2 TveSi Caabara Soreul aRmosavleTSi
britaneTis jarebis xelmZRvanel general hardings partizanebis winaaRmdeg
brZolis gegma. kalverts daevala specialuri Zalebis formireba da
saomari moqmedebebis dawyeba. saomari operaciis warmoebisas umTavresi
mniSvneloba mieniWa specialurad gawvrTnil qvedanayofebs, romlebic 1950
wels Seiqmna da malaiziis mzveravebi ewoda. aRniSnul qvedanayofSi
Sevidnen SAS-is yofili wevrebi, romlebic meore msoflio omis dros
ibrZodnen am regionSi. Tavidan SAS-is mzveravebi sruliad avtonomiurad
moqmedebdnen junglebis siRrmeSi, erT-erTi mzveravTa jgufi 103 dRis
ganmavlobaSi eZebda junglebSi partizanebis bazas. aRniSnuli periodis
saomari gamocdileba da taqtika dRemde Seiswavleba da gamoiyeneba SAS-is
mebrZolebis mier. 1951 wels mzveravTa razmis misia Seicvala, isini
exmarebodnen policias patrulirebaSi da uzrunvelyofdnen fortebisa da
soflebis
usafrTxoebas. operaciebis msvlelobisas kalverti maleriiT
daavadda, is vice-polkovnikma jon sloanma Secvala. 1951 wlis bolos
sloanma daiwyo Tavisi qvedanayofis reorganizacia, romelmac 22-e polkis
saxelwodeba da dRevandeli struqturis saxe miiRo, amJamad misi efeqturi
saqmianobis Sesaxeb mTeli msofliosTvis aris cnobili.
1952 wlis TebervalSi 100 specrazmelisagan Semdgari qvedanayofi
junglebSi taqtikuri sabrZolo moqmedebebis warmoebas daubrunda, maT
partizanebisgan unda gaewmindaT tailandTan mosazRvre raioni. aRniSnul
periodSi dainerga 16 kaciani razmebis amoqmedebis praqtika, romelic
Tavismxriv kidev iyofa oTx-oTx kacian ramdenime mcire jgufad. 1958 wlis
noembridan 1959 wlis ianvramde A da D eskadronebi aqtiurad ibrZodnen
amboxebulebis winaaRmdeg CrdiloeT omanSi. 1963-1966 wlebSi polkis
qvedanayofebi aqtiurad ebrZodnen indoneziis SeiaraRebul Zalebsa da
partizanebs broneoSi. 1964 wlis ivnisSi SAS-ma sruliad saidumlo reidi
ganaxorciela indoneziaSi, klimantanze. 1964 wlis aprilis Tvidan
noembramde SAS-is eskadronebi monawileobas Rebulobdnen iemenze, port
adenSi SeWrili partizanebis winaaRmdeg warmoebul brZolebSi. 1969 wlidan
1994 wlamde 22-e polkis qvedanayofebi mudmivad moqmedebdnen IRA-s
winaaRmdeg. 22-e polkis specialuri sadazvervo-diversiuli jgufebi
regularulad atarebdnen IRA-s boevikebis da liderebis likvidaciis
mizniT warmoebul specaqciebs. 1970 wlidan 1976 wlamde SAS-i omanSi
amboxebulebis winaaRmdeg mimdinare brZolebSi iyo Cabmuli.
msoflioSi mimdinare cvlilebebis Sedegad SAS-s axali misia daekisra,
mis funqciebSi Sevida terorizmis winaaRmdeg brZola da mZevlebis
ganmaTavisuflebeli operaciebis Catareba. 1980 wlis 5 maiss SAS-ma
mZevlebis ganmaTavisuflebeli specoperacia Nimrod ganaxorciela. 1980
wlis 30 aprils 11 saaTsa 30 wuTze londonSi moqmedi iranis saelCo eqvsma
arabuli
warmoSobis
teroristma
daikava,
romlebmac
26
mZevlis
ganTavisuflebis
sanacvlod
iranis
samxreTiT
arsebuli
raionebis
avtonomia da politpatimrebis ganTavisufleba moiTxoves. britaneTis
premier ministrma margaret teCerma aRniSnuli specoperaciis Catareba SAS-

is kontrteroristul danayofebs daavala. 5 maiss 19:00-ze specrazmma

Sturmi ramdenime mimarTulebiT ganaxorciela,
operacia gagrZelda 17
wuTi, 5 teroristi adgilze iyo likvidirebuli, xolo meeqvse mZimed
daiWra.
1981 wlis ivlisSi 22-e polkis qvedanayofebi
prezident javaras Zalauflebis aRdgenaSi.

exmarebodnen

gambiis

1982 wlis aprilis Tvidan ivnisis Tvemde polki aqtiur monawileobas

Rebulobda folklendis kunZulebze warmoebul brZolebSi. aRniSnul
brZolebSi britaneTis warmatebebs 22-e polkis mier mopovebuli sadazvervo
informacia
da
mtris
zurgSi
warmoebuli
diversiuli
operaciebi
uzrunvelyofdnen.
1989 wels 22-e polkis ramdenime qvedanayofi aqtiurad monawileobda
kolumbieli narkobaronebis winaaRmdeg warmoebul brZolaSi.
britaneli
specrazmelebi amzadebdnen kolumbiis samTavrobo jarebs da kvalifikacias
umaRlebdnen specrazm `lanseros.
1991 wels 22-e polkis qvedanayofebi monawileobdnen koaliciuri Zalebis
sabrZolo operaciaSi udabnos qariSxali.
SAS-is specrazmelebi moqmedebdnen iugoslaviasa da avRaneTSi. aSS-s
mokavSire britaneTi mudmivad mxars uWers aSS-s Zalismier aqciebs. bolo
aTeuli wlebis arcerT SeiaraRebul konfliqts ar Cauvlia 22-e polkis
monawileobis gareSe.
SAS-is cnobili operacia gaxlavT baRdadidan 40.km-ze daSorebuli
kavSirgabmulobis xazis dazianeba. samefo sahaero Zalebis orma vertmfrenma
Rrma udabnoSi gadmosxa 36 mebrZoli, mebrZolebi daiyvnen maZiebel da
damcav jgufebad da ukve ramdenime saaTSi aRmoaCines kabeli, nawili
amoiRes, raTa igi specialistebs SeeswavlaT, xolo danarCeni nawili
ramdenime adgilze gaanadgures.
1990-ian wlebSi sahaero da sanaosno specialuri samsaxurebi moqmedebdnen
bosniaSi. maTi mizani iyo masobriv mkvlelobebSi eWvmitanili samxedro
pirTa Sepyroba, patrulirebis warmoeba da sabrZolo cecxlis koreqtireba.
SAS-is mebrZolebi
zonaSi awarmoebdnen
lideris winaaRmdeg.

tora-boras raionSi, avRaneT-pakistanis

antiteroristul operacias al-qaidas

sazRvris
da misi

koaliciuri jarebis eraySi SeWris Semdeg britaneTis specrazmi

ZiriTadad dazverviT aqciebs atarebda. mosulSi SAS-ma da aSS-s
specrazmelebma ganaxorcieles teroristebis mier gamagrebuli Senobis
Sturmi, romelSic ori mwvane bereti daiRupa, Sturmis dros gaqceva
moaxerxa eraySi momqmedi al-qaidas jgufis liderma zarqauim, Tumca
ganadgurda misi ramdenime TanaSemwe.

SAS-is mebrZolebi CarTulni iyvnen sadazvervo operaciebSi, romelTa

mizani iyo erayeli boevikebis iaraRiT mommaragebeli kanalebis gamovlineba
da ganadgureba. 2005 wels SAS-is mebrZolebma Caatares specoperacia
`malboro ris Sedegadac snaiperebis meSveobiT ganadgurda sami teroristi
kamikaZe.
specdaniSnulebis razmebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan specifikiT da
daniSnulebiT, Tu magaliTad SAS-is da Delta-s mebrZolebs soliduri
gamocdileba gaaCniaT qalaqis pirobebSi saomari moqmedebebis warmoebis
kuTxiT da aqtiur wvrTnebs gadian am specifikiT, Green Berets, Navy Seals da
Rangers ufro metad savele pirobebSi warmoebuli sabrZolo moqmedebebisas
gamoiyenebian.

specsamsaxurebis anbani

agenti pirovneba, romelic Cabmulia ucxoeTis specsamsaxurebTan

saidumlo TanamSromlobaSi. aSS-Si aRniSnuli termini gamoiyeneba
saidumlo samsaxurebis da policiis TanamSromlebis aRsaniSnavad.
gavlenis agenti pirovneba, romelic gauxmaureblad gamoiyeneba dazvervis
samsaxuris mier ucxo saxelmwifos saSinao da sagareo
politikaze zemoqmedebis mizniT.
agenti adgilze dazvervis mier gadmobirebuli agenti, ZiriTadad e.w.
iniciatorebis ricxvidan, romelic Tanxmdeba Seasrulos
sadazvervo davalebebi samuSao adgilis dautoveblad.
agenti aralegali dazvervis agenti, romelic aralegalurad fiqtiuri
dokumentebiT moqmedebs mowinaaRmdege qveynis
teritoriaze SeTxzuli legendis safarqveS.
agenti mekavSire dazvervis agenti, romlis ZiriTadi amocana aris sxva
agentebTan kavSirebis warmoeba.
agenturuli qseli agentebis jgufi, romelic moqmedebs ucxo qveyanaSi da
imarTeba rezidenturis mier. zogierT SemTxvevaSi
agentebi SesaZlebelia gaiSifron erTmaneTTan Ria
kavSiris SemTxvevaSi, magram umetes SemTxvevebSi isini
moqmedeben erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad da ar
icnoben erTmaneTs.
agenturuli Setyobineba informacia, romelic agentis mier gadaicema
dazvervaSi. Sesrulebulia uSualod agentis
mier. konspiraciis mizniT agenti Cveulebriv
Tavis Setyobinebaze awers dazvervis mier
miniWebul fsevdonims an saerTod cariels

tovebs.
agenturul-operatiuli saqme dazvervisa da kontrdazvervis saqmianoba
agentebisa da operatiul-teqnikuri
saSualebebis gamoyenebiT dasaxuli miznis
misaRwevad.
altre britaneTis gamSifravi samsaxuris mier warmoebuli operaciis
pirobiTi saxelwodebaa, romlis farglebSic eleqtrogamomTvleli manqanebis saSualebiT gaSifres germanelebis kodi
enigma ris Semdegac Tavisuflad kiTxulobdnen nacisturi
germaniis Setyobinebebs.
aiaqsi britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris da centraluri
sadazvervo saagentos mier iranSi antidasavluri poziciis mqone
mosadikis mTavrobis winaaRmdeg warmoebuli operaciis koduri
saxelwodeba.
venona aSS-is nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagentoSi britaneTis
dazvervis specialistebis monawileobiT warmoebuli operaciis
koduri saxelwodeba, romelic sabWoTa kavSiris mier 40-ian
wlebSi gamoyenebuli aqtiuri Sifrebis gaxsns isaxavda miznad.
mTavari agenti agenturuli jgufis xelmZRvaneli, mudmiv kavSirSia Tavis
xelmZRvanelTan, dazvervis TanamSromelTan.
jon edgar guveri aSS-is gamoZiebis federaluri biuros direqtori 19241972 w.w. amerikis gavleniani saxelmwifo moRvawe,
romelic warmatebulad umklavdeboda aSS-is
prezidentebis mcdelobas moexsnaT igi aRniSnuli
Tanamdebobidan.
alen dalesi centraluri sadazvervo saagentos direqtori 1953-1961 w.w.
direqtoris postidan gadadga aSS-s dazvervis mier
momzadebuli da kubaze Rorebis yureSi Catarebuli

warumatebeli kontrrevoluciuri operaciis Semdeg.

dropSoti sabWoTa kavSirze Tavdasxmis gegmis koduri saxelwodeba.
SemuSavda aSS-sa da britaneTis mier. Tavdapirvelad gegmis
mixedviT birTvuli safrTxis SemTxvevaSi ssrk-ze Tavdasxmis
TariRad ganisazRvra 1960 wlis ianvris Tve, Tumca Semdeg igi
araerTxel Seicvala. sabWoTa kavSiris gasanadgureblad unda
amoqmedebuliyo NATO-s birTvuli da Cveulebrivi bombebiT
aRWurvili strategiuli aviacia, samxedro-sazRvao floti da
saxmeleTo Zalebis 250 divizia. saerTo jamSi sabWoTa
kavSirze TavdasxmaSi unda CarTuliyo 20 milioni samxedro
mosamsaxure. sabWoTa kavSiris damarcxebis Semdeg igegmeboda
misi teritoriis sruli okupacia.
berlinis gvirabi centraluri sadazvervo saagentosa da dazvervis
saidumlo samsaxuris specialuri sadazvervo
operaciis saxelwodeba, romlis mizani iyo berlinSi
miwisqveS gamavali sabWoTa kavSiris satelefono
kavSiris kabelebze specialuri aparaturis SeerTeba
da informaciis am saSualebiT moparva. amisaTvis
dasavleT berlinis aSS-is mier kontrolirebadi
seqtoridan gaiWra gvirabi, romelic qalaqis
aRmosavleT seqtorSi gadioda.
iniciatori pirovneba, romelic sakuTari surviliT sTavazobs jaSuSobas
ucxo qveynis specsamsaxurebs.
wyaro specsamsaxurebis mier aRiniSneba pirovneba an saSualeba, romlis
saSualebiTac miiReba informacia.
kembrijis xuTeuli britanuli warmoSobis sabWoTa agentebis
koleqtiuri fsevdonimi. aRniSnuli jgufi
moqmedebda did britaneTSi 30-50 w.w. saqmianobdnen

sxvadasxva saxelmwifo uwyebebSi. xuTeulSi

Sediodnen: kim filbi, donald maklin, gai berjesi,
entoni blant, jon kernkrosi. xuTive uZvelesi
kembrijis universitetis kursdamTavrebulebi iyvnen.
aqedan gamomdinareobs saxelwodebac.
kodireba kriptografiaSi Setyobinebebis daSifvris meTodi. am meTodiT
Setyobinebebi daculi kavSiris sistemiT gadaicema dazvervis,
kontrdazvervis da sxva saxelmwifo uwyebebs Soris. kodi
iTvaliswinebs sityvebis da mTeli frazebis Secvlas asoebiT an
cifrebiT.
konspiracia specsamsaxurebis aucilebeli moTxovna, romlis drosac
saidumlod aris daculi operatiuli saqmianoba,
TanamSromlebis saxelebi da gansakuTrebiT agentebis vinaoba.
Txunela specsamsaxurebis Jargonze es aris dazvervis agenti, romelic
Canergilia ucxoeTis saxelmwifo uwyebebSi. yvelaze xSirad
termini gamoiyeneba Zalovan struqturebSi SeRweuli ucxo
qveynis agentis aRsaniSnavad.
saxuravi specsamsaxurebis Jargonze mzveravis an rezidenturis safari.
magaliTad diplomatis, mecnieris an Jurnalistis safarqveS
moqmedi mzveravi; saelCoSi ganTavsebuli rezidentura, romelic
diplomatiur safarqveS moqmedebs an finansuri kompaniis
safarqveS moqmedi agenturuli qseli an kavSiris centrebi.
legaluri mogzaurebi amerikis centraluri sadazvervo saagentos da
britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris
programis saxelwodeba, romlis farglebSic
turistebis saxiT sabWoTa kavSirSi 50-60 w.w.
igzavnebodnen agentebi.
legenda SeTxzuli biografia an calkeuli elementi, romelic

specsamsaxurebis mier gamoiyeneba agentebis an TanamSromlebis

dasaSifrad, romlebic operatiul davalebas asruleben
sazRvargareT an qveynis SigniT. legendis gasamyareblad
gamoiyeneba fiqtiuri dokumentebi an operaciaSi sagangebod
Cabmuli pirebi.
liotei britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris mier warmoebuli
dezinformaciuli programis koduri saxelwodeba, romlis
mizani iyo sabWoTa kavSiris da koreis saxalxo respublikas
Soris arsebuli uTanxmoebis gaRrmaveba.
overflait (gadafrena) centraluri sadazvervo saagentosa da
britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris
saidumlo operaciis koduri saxeli. 1956-1960
w.w. operaciis farglebSi sabWoTa kavSiris
sahaero sivrceSi igzavneboda specialuri
TviTmfrinavebi, romlebic sabWoTa kavSiris
teritoriis fotodazvervas awarmoebdnen.
proeqti aikrZala prezident eizenhaueris mier
frensis geri pauersis frenis Cavardnis Semdeg.
specoperacia dazvervis an kontrdazvervis specialuri RonisZieba,
romelic miznad isaxavs konkretuli amocanis Sesrulebas.
fsevdonimi specsamsaxurebSi agentis an TanamSromlis pirobiTi saxeli,
romliTac is moxseniebulia operatiul dokumentebSi da
romelsac

iyenebs yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi konspiraciis

mizniT.
salamandra britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris specialuri
aqciis koduri saxelwodeba, romelic miznad isaxavda
egviptis lideris naseris gauvnebelyofas.
tomlinsonis sia britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuris

TanamSromelTa sia, romelic 1999 wels internetiT

gamoaqveyna britaneTis dazvervis yofilma
TanamSromelma riCard tomlinsonma.
All-source intelligence yvela wyaros gamoyenebiT warmoebuli dazverva.
Counterintelligence (CI) kontrdazverva samsaxuri, romelic neitralizebas
axdens da aRkveTavs ucxoeTis dazvervis, uSiSroebis
samsaxurebis da saerTaSoriso teroristuli
organizaciebis ZirgamomTxrel saqmianobas.
Human Intelligence (HUMINT) ucxouri informaciis mopoveba specmomzadeba
gavlili Semmgroveblebis mier. adamianuri
resursiT warmoebuli dazverva.
Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) geosivrciTi dazverva. sivrcidan dedamiwis
zedapirze vizualurad aRqmuli
gamosaxulebebis analizis da Sefasebebis
Semdeg xsnis dedamiwaze mimdinare movlenebis
arss da arsebul mdgomareobas.
Imagery intelligence (IMINT) gamosaxulebiTi dazverva. gamosaxulebiTi masala
miiReba: fotografiiT, infrawiTeli sensorebiT,
lazerebiT, mravalganzomilebiani sensorebiT
da radarebiT.
OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE (OSINT) Ria sadazvervo wyaro. dazverva
warmoebs sazogadod xelmisawvdomi
informaciis Segrovebis Sedegad.
Signals intelligence (SIGINT) sadazvervo signalebi. miiReba ucxo qveynebis
komunikaciebis eqspluataciis Sedegad. sadazvervo
signalebi moicavs: komunikaciebis dazvervas
(COMINT), eleqtronul dazvervas (ELINT), ucxouri

aparaturis signalebis dazvervas (FISINT).

Technical Intelligence (TECHINT) - teqnikuri dazverva. sadazvervo informacia
grovdeba ucxouri samxedro
aRWurvilobebidan. mopovebuli informaciis
analizis da Sefasebis Semdeg ganisazRvreba
mowinaaRmdegis mxridan mosalodneli
safrTxeebis done.
Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) aSS-is erovnuli dazvervis
direqtoris ofisi.
Director of National Intelligence (DNI) erovnuli dazvervis direqtori.
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) aSS-is dazvervis centraluri saagento.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) aSS-is gamoZiebis federaluri biuro.
National Security Agency (NSA) nacionaluri usafrTxoebis saagento.
National Reconnaissance office (NRO) erovnuli samxedro-kosmosuri dazvervis
ofisi.
National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) erovnuli geosivrciTi dazvervis
saagento.
The Security Service MI5 britaneTis usafrTxoebis samsaxuri.
Secret Intelligence Service MI6 britaneTis dazvervis saidumlo samsaxuri.
Special Air Service SAS specialuri sahaero samsaxuri.
Government Communications Headquarters GCHQ britaneTis samTavrobo
komunikaciebis centri

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