Second Republic of the Philippines.

1
The Second Philippine Republic, officially known as the Republic of the
Philippines, was the puppet government established in the Philippines by the
occupying Japanese forces during World War II. It was inaugurated on 14 October
1943 with former Supreme Court Associate Justice Jose P. Laurel as its president.
(Occupation)
On 26 December 1941, President Manuel L. Quezon declared Manila an open city
to spare it from further destruction by the Japanese, and left it under the care
ofJorge Vargas as mayor. On 2 January 1942, the Japanese entered the city and
established it as the capital. Later, on 9 April 1942, the U.S.-Filipino army
at Bataancrumbled and fell to the Japanese forces. The Japanese forced the
surrender of all remaining defending units in the islands by threatening to use the
captured Bataan and Corregidor troops as hostages. However, many soldiers
refused to surrender and guerrilla resistance was organized and coordinated by U.S.
and Philippine army officers.
(Second Republic )
The Commonwealth of the Philippines was dissolved and the Philippine Executive Commission was
established by General Masaharu Homma, with Jorge Vargas as its first chairman. All political parties were
replaced by the non-partisan Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (KALIBAPI) with Benigno Aquino
Sr. as director general. The Preparatory Commission for Independence, consisting of 20 members from the
KALIBAPI, led by Jose Laurel, formed a constitution which was presented on 4 September 1943. Three days
later, the KALIBAPI general assembly ratified the draft constitution. On 20 September 1943, the KALIBAPI's
representative groups in different provinces and cities in the country elected members of the Philippine National
Assembly.
Japan tried to win Filipino loyalty and established a Philippine Republic on 14 October 1943, with Jose Laurel
as president. But the people had suffered brutality under the Japanese, and the puppet government gained
little support. The Second Philippine Republic was also one of the times when the Philippines had both a de
facto and a de jure government the Quezon administration was de jure (the legally recognized government)
while the Laurel administration was de facto (the government having actual possession).

(National Assembly of the Second Philippine Republic)

The National Assembly was the legislature of the Second Philippine Republic from 25 September 1943 to 2
February 1944.