I0 Total

I0RIGHT

I0LEFT
N0
ZLOAD_0

ZCS1 _ 0

ZDS_X1

ZL 1 _ 0

ZCS2 _ 0

ZDS_X2

ZL 4 _ 0

ZL 3 _ 0

ZL 2 _ 0

ZDS_X3

ZL 5 _ 0

ZCS3 _ 0

F0
ZFixed
ZVariable

Figure 5.10.4
Zero Sequence Impedance of the Simplistic Power System
with all DistributedSources In Service.
For the second case assume that two of the distributed sources are out of service as shown in
Figure 5.10.5 and that ZVariable = ZFixed. Therefore, I0LEFT = I0RIGHT. Note that I0Total
decreased, but the reduction is less than the change in the ratio of ZVariable vs ZFixed, meaning
that the magnitude of I0LEFT increases as the number of distributed sources decrease, even
though the total zero sequence fault current I0Total decreases.
I0 Total
I0LEFT

I0RIGHT
N0

ZCS1_0

ZLOAD_0
ZL1_0

ZCS2_0
ZL2_0

ZDS_X2

ZDS_X1

ZL4_0

ZL3_0

ZDS_X3

ZL5_0

ZCS3_0

F0
ZFixed
ZVariable

Figure 5.10.5
Zero-Sequence Impedance of the Simplistic Power System, with
Two of the Three Distributed Sources Out of Service.
The examples show that distributed generation sources not only influence the magnitude of
the fault current they also influence the distribution of the zero sequence current.
5.10.3 System Models
Verifying the accuracy of the system model and all ground fault sources in the immediate
area is important when performing a ground fault analysis. Errors can easily be overlooked
and there can be a tendency to place blind faith with the model and develop settings that are
based on inaccurate fault values. Transformer parameters, such as MVA ratings,
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