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Laura Gougeon

Power and Imagination


Prof. Anmarie
February 20, 2016
Annotated Bibliography
Berkowitz, Dana, Namita N. Manohar, and Justine E. Tinkler. Walk Like a Man, Talk Like a
Woman: Teaching the Social Construction of Gender. Teaching Sociology 38.2 (2010):
132143. Web.
This journal was written to teach a sociology classes to undergraduate students. The purpose is to
show just how the idea of how gender was created from society. The authors explain how gender
there is a social stratification created with gender. They want to make just how prevalent gender
roles play in today's society and how it needs to change.
Herek, G. M. On heterosexual masculinity: Some Psychical Consequences of the Social
Construction of Gender and Sexuality". The American Behavioral Scientist, 29(5), 563.
Herek talks about how a specific act of being affiliated with the gender role of a man is to be
homophobic. This is believed to be because men are supposed to be the strong bread winners and
not feminine. The term homophobia when broken down means the fear of homosexuals. This
term is not used correctly because it is not fear that people have against homosexuals themselves
but rather its the fear of the socially constructed roles given and one being that it is not okay to
be gay for several reasons including power.

Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Assessing Interactions Among Social, Behavioral, and
Genetic Factors in Health; Hernandez LM, Blazer DG, editors. Genes, Behavior, and the
Social Environment: Moving Beyond the Nature/Nurture Debate. Washington (DC):
National Academies Press (US); 2006.
The Institute of Medicine Committee is trying to inform people on the relationship that sex and
gender have on an individual's health. Even though gender is a socially constructed concept in
our society, it does play a role in health problems people can contract for several different
reasons usually related to sex. Also, due to gender inequalities that are created from labor force
to discrimination, it plays a huge role in the health problems that people develop. .
Lorber, Judith, and Susan A. Farrell. The Social Construction of Gender. Newbury Park, CA:
Sage Publications, 1991. Print.
Lorber gives an overview on how gender has been socially constructed. Girls and boys are born
with certain genitalia and from birth they are put into a category of either boy or girl with a
common view by society. With these gender categories come gender roles and mannerisms on
how boys and girls are supposed to be and act. She emphasizes on the fact that since men are
seen as a higher value to society they are able to earn more money doing the same job as a
woman.

Mikkola, Mari. "Feminist Perspectives on Sex and Gender." Stanford University. Stanford
University, 12 May 2008. Web. 16 Feb. 2016.
This article gives the perspective of a feminist on sex and gender. Feminist are people trying to
end the oppression of women and create equality for women and men. The term woman was
originally referred to for someone's sex but it soon became socially constructed to fit that gender
role. Sex is the biological characteristics of a person while gender are the roles assigned to the
specific sex. Feminist believe that physiological and behavioral differences are socially
constructed rather than for biological reasons.
"'Night to His Day': The Social ComtLiction of Gender," in Paradoxes or Gender, pp. 54-63.
Copyright 1994. Reprinted by permission of Yale University Press.
This article is predominantly about how we are set into our gender class from when we are born.
By our names, the way we are dressed, and other gender markers. Parents subconsciously do this
because they do not want to be festered by the question of what the sex of their baby is. Gender
roles do change over time though. They were clear that for individuals gener means being the
same but for society gender means difference.
"Social Constructs." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. 2008. Encyclopedia.com.
Web. 16 Feb. 2016.
This article explains exactly what it means to have something be socially constructed. Then it
goes into explaining just how gender has been socially constructed and how it continues to
change as time goes on. There are a lot of elements that are included on how gender is socially
constructed from the way girls and boys speak to their manners.

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