ELECTROTEHNIC, ELECTRONIC, AUTOMATIC, vol. 61, nr.

1, ianuarie-martie 2013

43

Influena cmpului electric de 50 Hz asupra permitivitii

dielectrice a suspensiei apoase de drojdie de bere
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
Mnika LINGVAY , Cristina STANCU , Ilona SZATMRI , Iosif LINGVAY
Abstract
The behavior of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in 50 Hz electric field was evaluated. In our studies, we
measured with an Ametek Solartron Analytical 1260A Impedance/Gain-Phase Analyzer the relative permittivity
of yeasts aqueous suspension, while this was exposed to a 50Hz electric field. Our findings show that the, due
to 50 Hz electric field action, the relative permittivity of the suspension yeast varies cyclically. The time constant
of the cyclic changes is determined by the applied electric field strength.
Keywords: yeast, 50 Hz electric field, relative permittivity, dielectric spectroscopy

1. Introducere
Problematica impactului polurii electromagnetice asupra mediului este de mare
actualitate, deosebit de complex din punct
de vedere teoretic i de o importan
practic deosebit.
Elementul structural de baz al oricrei
materii vii este celula. Procesele complexe
de oxido-reducere ce se desfoar, n
primul rnd, la interfaa citoplasm
/membran celular, determin evoluia
celulelor i, implicit mersul vieii. Aceste
procese biologice complexe se desfoar
numai n medii umede (electrolitice), implic
etape de transport i schimb/transfer de
sarcin electric, deci mecanismul i
cinetica lor este influenat i determinat,
n primul rnd, de componenta electric a
cmpul electro-magnetic [1].
Geneza materiei vii din biosfer s-a
produs sub aciunea cmpurilor electromagnetice naturale specifice Terrei i, drept
urmare, cmpurile electromagnetice de
origine natural nu perturb desfurarea
natural a proceselor biochimice, din contr,

Mnika LINGVAY, Stud, Universitatea Babe-Bolyai din

Cluj-Napoca, Facultatea de Chimie i Inginerie Chimic,
str. Arany Jnos nr. 11, monika_lingvay@yahoo.com
Cristina STANCU, dr.ing., CS III, INCDIE-ICPECA, Spl.
Unirii, nr. 313, sect. 3, Bucureti, Romnia,
cristina.stancu@icpe-ca.ro
Ilona SZATMRI, drd., teacher, Liceul teoretic Orbn
Balzs, Str. Harghitei, nr. 14, Cristuru Secuiesc,
Romnia, szatmari@obg.ro
Iosif LINGVAY, dr.ing., CS I, INCDIE-ICPECA, Spl. Unirii,
nr. 313, sect. 3, Bucureti, Romnia, lingvay@icpe-ca.ro

existena acestor cmpuri condiioneaz

mersul normal al vieii (cum ar fi albinele
sau al porumbeii care se orienteaz n
spaiu avnd ca reper cmpul magnetic al
Pmntului [1]).
Avnd n vedere aceste considerente, se
constat c, toate semnalele electrice de
origine antropic (rezultate din activitile
umane) din biosfer influeneaz desfurarea
natural a proceselor bioelectrochimice, deci
pot fi considerate semnale poluante
(poluare electromagnetic) [2].
Consecinele polurii electromagnetice a
mediului sunt deosebit de diverse.
Cmpurile
electromagnetice
poluante
perturb procesele naturale, att prin efectul
termic generat n diverse medii, ct i prin
componentele lor electrice i magnetice.
Componenta electric perturb, n primul
rnd, desfurarea reaciilor electrochimice
naturale, perturb tranzitul ionilor de Ca++
prin membranele celulare umane i, implicit,
homeostaza calciului (cauza probabil a
frecvenei ridicate a leucemiei la copiii
expui sistematic la radiaii electromagnetice [3]).
Componenta
magnetic
perturb
sistemele biomagnetice, cum ar fi sistemul
de orientare al albinelor, care, s-a constatat
c la semnale de cca. 500 V/m devin
deosebit de agresive i se omoar ntre
ele [4], iar n cmp electromagnetic de
600 MHz3,2 GHz, de ordinul 0,51 V/m, se
rtcesc i nu mai tiu s se ntoarc la
stup [1].

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ELECTROTEHNIC, ELECTRONIC, AUTOMATIC, vol. 61, Nr. 1, ianuarie-martie 2013

Efectul generator de cancer al sistemelor

de telefonie mobil a fost demonstrat de mai
multe rapoarte de cercetare [1], [5][11].
Bazele teoretice i descrierea comportrii
sistemelor electrolitice expuse influenei
semnalelor perturbatoare n curent alternativ
au fost dezvoltate pentru prima dat de
T. Erdey-Grz [12], din care rezult c,
modificrile
cineticii
proceselor
electrochimice sub aciunea unui semnal n
c.a. suprapus sunt deosebit de complexe i
sunt determinate att de natura sistemului
electrolitic,
ct
i
de
amplitudinea
semnalului n c.a. suprapus.
Drojdia
de
bere
(Saccharomyces
cerevisiae), este o micromicet cu structur
biologic simpl, des utilizat n industria
alimentar.
Influena cmpurilor electromagnetice
asupra dezvoltrii drojdiei de bere a fost
studiat att prin metode biologice, ct i
prin spectro-scopie dielectric de mai muli
autori [13][20].
Din aceste studii, a rezultat c, sub
aciunea cmpurilor electro-magnetice, n
metabolismul drojdiei de bere se produc
diverse modificri care sunt determinate att
de frecvena, ct i intensitatea cmpului
electromagnetic supra-pus mediilor de
cultur.
Scopul prezentei lucrri const n studiul
influenei cmpului electric de 50 Hz asupra
suspensiei apoase de drojdie de bere cu
coninut de zahr.

3. Rezultatele experimentale i
interpretarea lor
Evoluia permitivitii a suspensiei de
drojdie-martor, este prezentat n fig.1.

Figura 1. Evoluia permitivitii a suspensiei de drojdie

martor

Din figur, se constat c, n primele

3 minute de la prepararea suspensiei,
crete monoton de la 556,2 la 558,2, dup
care, n urmtoarele 8 minute crete
asimptotic spre 558,6 deci, n primele
11 minute se nregistreaz o cretere de
cca. 2,4 uniti, respectiv cca. 0,4 %.
Evoluia n timp a la soluiile expuse la
cmpuri electrice perturbatoare de 50 Hz,
sunt prezentate n fig. 2.

2. Partea experimental modul de

lucru
n scopul evalurii influenei cmpului
electric de 500 Hz asupra comportrii
drojdiei de bere, a fost determinat evoluia
n
timp
a
permitivitii
dielectrice
(componenta real ) a unei suspensii
apoase preparate din 94 g ap distilat + 5 g
drojdie de bere uscat + 1 g de zahr.
Determinrile de s-au realizat prin
spectroscopie dielectric cu un echipament
tip Ametek Solartron Analytical 1260A, la
intervale de 56 secunde, timp de
cca. 10 minute att pe o suspensie martor,
ct i pe suspensii peste care au fost
aplicate cmpuri electrice alternative
(50 Hz) de diverse intensiti (de 1, 2, 3 i
6 V valoare vrf-vrf).
Toate determinrile au fost fcute n
celul termostatat la 300,2 C.

a)

b)

ELECTROTEHNIC, ELECTRONIC, AUTOMATIC, vol. 61, nr. 1, ianuarie-martie 2013

45

Din analiza diagramelor 2, 3 i 4 a fig. 2,

se constat c, permitivitatea suspensiei
studiate are evoluie similar i n cazul
semnalelor perturbatoare mai mari, dar la
creterea aplitudinii semnalului perturbator,
scade att durata perioadei de iniierere, ct
i amplitudinea oscilaiilor valorilor .
Valorile comparative ale perioadelor de
iniiere ti, ale constantelor de timp ale
oscilaiilor (att n perioadele de iniere T1,
ct i n a doua parte a procesului T2),
precum i valorilor medii minime m i
maxime M ale permitivitii, pentru cele
4 valori de cmp perturbator, sunt
prezentate sintetic n tabelul 1.

c)

Tabelul 1. Valorile caracteristice ale oscilaiilor

Cmp
perturbator

E=0 (martor)
E=1VVV/cm
E=2VVV/cm
E=3VVV/cm
E=6VVV/cm
d)
Figura 2. Evoluiile a suspensilor de drojdie supuse
unor cmpuri perturbatoare de 50 Hz avnd
intensiti de 1, 2, 3, respectiv 6 Vvv.

Din analiza comparativ a fig. 1 i fig. 2,

se constat c, n cazul suspensiei de
drojdie expus doar cmpurilor electromagnetice naturale, evoluia permitivitii
prezint o funcie monoton cresctoare,
spre deose-bire de suspensiile de drojde
expuse unor cmpuri perturbatoare de
50 Hz cu diverse intensiti cuprinse ntre 1
i 6 V/cm (valoare vrf-vrf), la care evoluia
permitivitii este oscilant, amplitudinea i
baza de timp a oscilaiilor fiind determinat
de intensitatea cmpului perturbator.
Din analiza primei diagrame a fig. 2, se
constat c sub aciunea unui cmp
perturbator cu amplitudine relativ mic
(E=1 V/cm), la inceput, crete brusc de la
cca. 560 (valoarea corespunztoare a
suspensiei martor) la peste 2500 (cretere
de cca 5 ori), apoi scade tot brusc la cca.
1000 unde se menine aproximativ
constant o perioad, dup care ciclul se
repet.
Constanta de timp a oscilaiilor n primele
5 minute de expunere (perioad de iniiere)
este de cca. 1,7 minute, dup care procesul
se accelereaz, amplitudinea oscilaiilor
crete pn la = 3500 i scade constanta
de timp a acestora la cca. 1 minut.

Parametru
ti
T1
T2
m
[minute] [minute] [minute]

5
3
2
1

1,71
0,91
0,75
0,71

1,01
0,56
0,51
0,43

556,2
995
1290
1558
1615

(M-m)

558,6
3240
2950
2810
2760

2,4
2245
1660
1252
1145

Evoluiile din fig. 1 i fig. 2, precum i valorile parametrilor reprezentativi prezentate n

Tabelul 1, sugereaz faptul c semnalul de
50 Hz aplicat reprezint un factor de stres sub
aciunea cruia se modific procesul de
meta-bolizare a zahrului de ctre drojdia de
bere.
n
absena
semnalului
perturbator,
procesul se desfoar n mod natural, iar
produii de metabolism au o configuraie
polar corespunztoare unei permitiviti
dielectrice de cca. 558,5 (vezi fig. 1).
Avnd n vedere aceste considerente,
alura diagramelor din fig. 2 se poate explica
astfel. Sub aciunea cmpului perturbator de
50 Hz, drojdia de bere are tendina de a se
acomoda la noile condiii de via, pentru
care i schimb metabolismul producnd
produi mai puternic polari dect n condiii
normale (naturale) i, drept consecin, a
suspensiei de drojdie studiate crete
corespunztor.
Acumularea n suspensie a produilor de
metabolism puternic polare este un nou factor
de stres pentru drojdie i, n consecin,
drojdia sisteaz producerea acestora, ceea
ce duce la scderea , dup care procesul
se repet.
Dac se accept acest mecanism, din
analiza valorilor prezentate n tabelul 1, se
sugereaz c viteza de formare a produilor
de metabolism puternic polare, cu mare,

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ELECTROTEHNIC, ELECTRONIC, AUTOMATIC, vol. 61, Nr. 1, ianuarie-martie 2013

crete la creterea intensitii factorului de

stres i n consecin crete corespunztor
frecvena oscilaiilor (scade baza de timp a
acestora), dar totodat, scade capacitatea
de acomodare a drojdiei de bere la
perturbaia cmpului de 50 Hz, ceea ce este
confirmat de reducerea domeniului de
valori ntre care oscileaz ( = M-m).
4. Concluzii
n urma determinrilor privind evoluia
permitivitii dielectrice a unei suspensii
apoase de 5 % drojdie de bere i 1 % zahr,
att n absena, ct i n prezena unui cmp
electric perturbator de 50 Hz, s-a constatat
c:
n absena cmpului electric perturbator de 50 Hz, pe msura metabolizrii zahrului, permitivitatea dielectric a suspensiei (care este msura
momentului dipol al moleculelor formate) crete monoton, la nceput mai
rapid de la 556,2 la 558,2, dup care
mai lent pn la 558,6;
sub aciunea cmpului electric de
50Hz, se schimb mecanismul procesului de metabolizare a zahrului i
drept urmare permitivitatea dielectric
a suspensiei oscileaz n limite foarte
largi (valori maxime de pn la 6 ori
mai mari dect valorile minime), oscilaii a cror baz de timp i amplitudine
scade la creterea intensitii cmpului
perturbator.
n concluzie, cmpul electric de 50 Hz
reprezint un factor de stres pentru drojdia
de bere, stres la care drojdia ncearc s se
acomodeze prin schimbarea procesului de
metabolism.
La creterea intensitii cmpului electric
perturbator, crete viteza i scade
capacitatea de acomodare a drojdiei de
bere.
5. Acknowledgment
This paper was realized within student
practice and was supported logistically by
INCDIE ICPE-CA.
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47

7. Biography
Mnika LINGVAY was born in
Bucureti (RO) on May 9, 1991.
She graduated the Ady Endre High
School, Bucureti (RO) in 2009.
She is student at Babe-Bolyai
University, Cluj-Napoca (RO), Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and at the
Faculty of Physics.
Her research interests concern effects of
electromagnetic signals of anthropic origin on the
living world.
Cristina STANCU received the M.S.
degree in electric engineering from the
UPB (Universitatea Politehnica of
Bucureti, RO) in 2002.
In 2008, she received the Ph.D. degree
in electrical engineering from UPB, and
in electronics, components and systems from
Universit Montpellier 2, France.
In 2010, she obtained a postdoc fellowship with the
theme Electrical Degradation and Lifetime Estimation of
Polymeric Cables Insulations.
Her current interests include the electrical properties
of dielectric materials, water treeing, and space
charge, as well as the numerical modeling of water
trees and space charge in cable insulations. She,
from 2010 is currently member of the IEEE Industry
Applications Society.
Ilona SZATMRI was born in Cristuru
Secuiesc Harghita (Romnia), on
March 21, 1965.
She graduated the University of
Bucharest, Romania in 1987.
She is is PhD student in chemistry at
University Politehnica of Bucharest.
She is teacher at Orbn Balzs Theoretical
Highschool, in Cristuru Secuiesc (Romnia).
Her research interests concern biocorrosion.
Iosif LINGVAY was born in Sighetu
Marmaiei (Romnia), on Febr. 25,
1949.
He
graduated
the
University
Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania in
1972.
In 1984, he received the PhD degree in electrochemical
engineering from same university.
He is CS I and scientific secretary at INCDIE-ICPE
CA, in Bucureti (Romnia). His research interests
concern operating safety of underground pipelines
and cables.