JOMAR FAJARDO RABAJANTE MATH 235

2002-96301 PROBLEM SET

1.
d X1
=v 1−v 2
dt
d X2
=v 3−v 4
dt
d X3
=v 2 +v 4−v 5
dt
X 4 , X 5 constants

GMA equations:
Ẋ 1 =γ 1 X 4f −γ 2 X 1f
14 21

Ẋ 2 =γ 3 X 5f −γ 4 X 2f
35 42

Ẋ 3 =γ 2 X 1f + γ 4 X 2f −γ 5 X 3f
21 42 53

S-systems equations:
Ẋ 1 =α 1 X 4 g −β 1 X 1h
14 11

Ẋ 2 =α 2 X 5 g −β 2 X 2h
24 22

Ẋ 3 =α 3 X 1 g X 2 g −β 3 X 3h
31 32 33

2.
Uric Acid Concentration in Plasma (Xi) Uric Acid Excretion (Yi) Log(Xi) Log(Yi) Slope of regression line:
33 0.077 1.518514 -1.11351 2.484313783
54 0.128 1.732394 -0.89279 Correlation coefficient, r:
81 0.473 1.908485 -0.32514 0.9922426
122 1.11 2.08636 0.045323 Standard error:
170 2.62 2.230449 0.418301 0.13616808
195 3.25 2.290035 0.511883
257 5.55 2.409933 0.744293
316 8.51 2.499687 0.92993
339 9.47 2.5302 0.97635
398 20.04 2.599883 1.301898
502 47.21 2.700704 1.674034
589 65.09 2.770115 1.813514
676 130.5 2.829947 2.115611
776 167 2.889862 2.222716
Original Data plot:

.69
183

.08
153

.46
Y Axis (units)

122

85
91.

24
61.

62
30.

1
0.0
3.3 144.5 285.6 426.8 568.0 709.1 850.3

X Axis (units)

Log-Log plot:

S = 0.13616808
r = 0. 99224265
6
2.5

9
1.8

2
Y Axis (units)

1.2

5
0.5

1
-0.1

8
-0.7

5
-1.4 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.5 2.8 3.0

X Axis (units)

THE ESTIMATED KINETIC ORDER OF URIC ACID IN THE EXCRETION OF URIC ACID IS 2.484313783.

3.
Given operating point (nominal steady state values): P1=0.0593 , P2=0.0025 , P3=8.24 , P 4=0.1 .

Let X 1 =[ ACO ] , X 2= [ OAA ] , X 3=[ CS ] , X 4= [ CoA ].

∂ ln ⁡(V 1 ) ∂V 1 X j
k j=
| 1
=
2 3
∙
∂ ln ⁡( X j ) ( P , P , P , P ) ∂ X j V 1 ( P , P , P , P )
4
|
j=1,2,3,4
1 2 3 4
 (8.24) ( 0.0593 )( 0.0025)
V 1 ( P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 ) = ≈ 1.99906
0.1
0.007 ( 0.0593 )+ 0.01 ( 0.0025 ) 1+
0.11
+0.0593(0.0025)( )
Let high|( P , P ,P
1 2 3 ,P 4) = x 3 x1 x2|(P , P , P , P ) ≈ 0.00122158
1 2 3 4

x4
Let low|( P , P ,P
1 2 3 ,P 4) =0.007 x 1 +0.01 x2 1+ ( 0.11
+ x1 x 2 )
(P
| 1 ,P2 , P3 , P 4 )
≈ 0.000611077

x3 x1 x2
∂
0.007 x 1+ 0.01 x 2 1+

∂ x1
( x4
0.11)+ x1 x2
| ( P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 )
=
( low ) ( x 3 x 2 )−( high ) (0.007+ x 2 )
low 2 |( P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 )
≈ 2.632944

x3 x1 x2
∂
0.007 x 1+ 0.01 x 2 1+

∂ x2
( x4
0.11)+ x1 x2
| ( P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 )
=
( low ) ( x 1 x 3 )−( high ) (( 1+

low 2
x4
0.11
)0.01+ x 1 )
|( P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 )
≈ 543.1783

x3 x1 x2
∂
0.007 x 1+ 0.01 x 2 1+

∂ x3
( x4
0.11)+ x1 x2
| ( P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 )
=
( low ) ( x 1 x 2 )
low 2 | (P 1 ,P2 , P3 , P4 )
≈ 0.242604

x3 x1 x2
∂
0.007 x 1+ 0.01 x 2 1+

∂ x4
( x4
0.11)+ x1 x2
| ( P1 , P2 , P3 , P4 )
=
− ( high ) (
0.01 x2
0.11
low 2
)
|
(P , P , P , P )
≈−0. 74349
1 2 3 4

Hence, k 1 ≈ 0.0781035

k 2 ≈ 0.6792922

k 3≈ 1

k 4 ≈−0.0371921

k k k k
Computing for the value of c: V net ≈ 1.99906=c X 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 ❑ c ≈ 16.25901 1 2 3 4

4. a.
2 X 3−1=2 X 10.5 X 2−2
2 X 10.5 X 2−2=4 X 1−1 X 20.5
4 X 1−1 X 20.5= X 1 X 30.5

−ln ( X 3 )=0.5 ln ( X 1 )−2 ln ⁡( X 2 )

0.5 ln ( X 1) −2 ln ( X 2 ) =ln ( 2 )−ln ( X 1 ) +0.5 ln ( X 2 )
ln ( 4 )−ln ( X 1 ) +0.5 ln ( X 2 )=ln ( X 1 ) +0.5 ln ( X 3 )

Let y j=ln ( X j ) j=1,2,3

2 −1 y 1 0
][ ] [ ]
−0.5
[ 1.5 −2.5
−2
0 y2 = ln2
0.5 −0.5 y 3 −ln 4

Solving for y 'j s : y 1 ≈ 0.74387 , y 2 ≈ 0.16906 , y 3 ≈−0.033812

Hence, the steady states are: X 1¿ ≈ e 0.74387 ≈ 2.1041

X 2¿ ≈ e0.16906 ≈ 1.1842
X 3¿ ≈ e−0.033812 ≈ 0.9667 5

b. The Jacobian Matrix:

−X 1−0.5 X 2−2 4 X 10.5 X 2−3 −2 X 3−2

[ X 2−2 X 1−0.5 + 4 X 1−2 X 20.5 −4 X 10.5 X 2−3−2 X 1−1 X 2−0.5

0.5
−4 X 2 X 1 −X 3−2 0.5 −1
2 X1 X2 −0.5
0
−0.5 X 1 X 3−0.5 ]
¿ ¿ ¿
c. Stability analysis at X 1 , X 2 , X 3 :
−0.49161 3.4940 −2.1399
Jacobian Matrix at the steady state ≈
[ 1.4748 −4.3674
−1.9664 0.87348
0
−1.07 ]
Eigenvalues:
−0.49161−λ 3.4940 −2.1399
| 1.4748
−1.9664
−4.3674−λ
0.87348
0
−1.07−λ |
λ=1.7080 ,−1.9339 ,−5.7031
At least one ℜ( λ) is positive, so the steady state is unstable. Actually, since there are positive and
negative eigenvalues (real part), then the steady state is a saddle point.