CHAPTER SIX: TRADITIONAL TRAINING METHODS

MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
1.

Training methods can be divided into _____ and _____ approaches.

A)
Cognitive; behavioral
B)
Strategic; skill
C)
Procedural; strategic
D)
KSA; lecture
E)
None of the above
Answer:
A
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
218

2.

Which training method can effectively be used to change attitudes?

A)
Cognitive
B)
Behavioral
C)
Attitudinal
D)
Both A & B
Answer:
D
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
218

3.

The main difference between a lecture and a lecturette is that the lecturette
A)
Is specifically designed for skills training.
B)
Is specifically designed for presenting procedural knowledge.
C)
Is specifically designed for presenting strategic knowledge.
D)
Is done only at the start of training.
E)
Generally lasts less than 20 minutes.
Answer:
E
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
220

4.

Compared to the lecture, a lecture/discussion

A)
allows trainees to interact with the lecturer.
B)
is able to achieve more complex learning objectives.
C)
is able to provide more information in a much shorter time.
D)
A & B.
E)
All of the above.
Answer
D
Difficulty
Easy
Page Ref
220

5.

The main advantage a lecture has over printed text and video is the
A)
Credibility the lecturer can give to the material.
B)
Cost.
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C)
Speed.
D)
Ability to test learning.
Answer:
A
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
220
6.

_____ questions require no specific response.

A)
Closed-ended
B)
Reverse
C)
Open-ended
D)
Overhead
E)
Bad
Answer:
C
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
221

7.

A(n) _____question occurs when the trainer is asked a question and instead of
providing an answer, she re-asks the question of the group.
A)
Relay
B)
Reverse
C)
Overhead
D)
Re-directed
E)
All of the above
Answer:
A
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
222

8.

When the trainer believes a trainee has asked a question because the trainee
really wants to answer but is hesitant, the trainer should respond using
the______.
A)
Relay question
B)
Overhead question
C)
Reverse question
D)
Direct question
Answer:
C
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
222

9.

A visual display of how to do something or how something works is called a

A)
Presentation.
B)
Demonstration.
C)
Simulation.
D)
Lecturette.
Answer:
B
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
222
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10.

Demonstrations, like lectures, can be differentiated by the level of ______ of

the trainee.
A)
Intelligence
B)
Involvement
C)
Commitment
D)
Interest
Answer:
B
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
223

11.

Developing a good demonstration requires

A)
A charismatic trainer.
B)
Using well-designed slides to get your point across.
C)
Breaking down the task into manageable parts or sequences.
D)
Putting together as much information as possible.
Answer:
C
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
223

12.

In the lecture method, summarizing impacts on which aspect of retention?

A)
Attention
B)
Symbolic coding
C)
Cognitive organization
D)
Symbolic rehearsal
Answer:
C
Difficulty:
Challenging
Page Ref:
Table 6-3, p. 225

13.

Which of the following learning processes identified in Social Learning

Theory does the lecture, when done well, have the most impact on?
A)
Symbolic rehearsal
B)
Attention
C)
Behavioral reproduction
D)
Skill
Answer:
B
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
225

14.

Which of the retention processes does a well-done lecture have the most
impact on?
A)
Attention
B)
Symbolic coding
C)
Cognitive organization
D)
Symbolic rehearsal
Answer:
B
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Difficulty:
Page Ref:

Moderate
226

15.

Listening to a lecture, attention begins to decline after _____ to _____

minutes and begins to _____ near the end.
A)
15; 20; further decline
B)
20; 30; pick up
C)
15; 20; pick up
D)
20; 30; further decline
E)
None of the above
Answer:
C
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
226

16.

According to the text, business games have been developed and used for
A)
Improving interpersonal skills.
B)
Teaching initiating structure.
C)
Strengthening executive and management skills.
D)
Changing attitudes toward diversity.
Answer:
C
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
230

17.

Which of the following statements is true about business games?

A)
They are generally used as a standalone training method.
B)
They can take up to several weeks to complete.
C)
To be effective games should require trainees to make a minimum of
six decisions.
D)
Games do not require learning objectives.
E)
A& D
Answer
B
Difficulty
Easy
Page ref
230-231

18.

If learning objectives focus primarily on decision making, _____ can be an

appropriate training tool.
A)
The in-basket
B)
Behavior modeling
C)
Role-plays
D)
The case study
E)
Both A & D
Answer:
E
Difficulty:
Challenging
Page Ref:
232-234

19.

Which of the following statements regarding the solutions trainees

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come to in a case study is true?

A) The proper solution must be arrived at by trainees before new material is
introduced.
B) The solution has no relevance to the exercise.
C) There should be only one solution.
D) The solution is not as important as the understanding of the advantages
and disadvantages that go along with the solution.
E) Case studies have so many solutions that feedback should be limited to
comments about the validity of the case study in the jobs context.
Answer:
D
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
233
20.

The case study

A)
Should have a trainer present the correct solution after trainees have
provided their solutions.
B)
Has a shorter version which is the incident process.
C)
Has as its major weakness providing incomplete information.
D)
A & C.
Answer:
B
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
233-234

21.

_____ is an enactment of a scenario in which each participant is given a part

to act out.
A)
Simulation
B)
Role-play
C)
Behavioral enactment
D)
Modeling
Answer:
B
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
234

22.

____________ role-plays provide more details about the situation and the
characters.
A)
Single
B)
Double
C)
Structured
D)
Spontaneous
Answer:
C
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
234-235

23.

Which of the following is NOT a role-play method of training?

A)
Single role-play
B)
Spontaneous role-play
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C)
Role-rotation format role-play
D)
Structured role-play
E)
All of the above are methods of role-play
Answer:
E
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
234-235
24.

Which of the following is most appropriate for training interpersonal skills?

A)
Behavior modeling
B)
The case study
C)
The simulator
D)
The business game
E)
The ice breaker
Answer:
A
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
237

25.

Behavioral modeling is based on which theory?

A)
Banduras social learning theory
B)
Goldsteins training model
C)
Vrooms expectancy theory
D)
Skinners reinforcement theory
E)
Elaboration theory
Answer:
A
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
237

26.

Which of the following should you consider when implementing Behavior

Modeling?
A)
Use whole rather than part learning.
B)
Do not emphasize more that 7 learning points during any one training
module.
C)
Use a real model rather than a video for authenticity.
D)
A & C.
Answer:
B
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
Table 6-6 p. 238

27.

Which of these statements regarding the use of games and simulations in

training is NOT true?
A)
In general games are the most expensive.
B)
In general role-plays are the least expensive.
C)
Both games and simulations may require some background
knowledge.
D)
Both games and simulations allow trainees to practice skills in a safe
environment.
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Answer:
Difficulty:
Page Ref:

A
Easy
238-239

28.

Which of the following is true about games and simulations?

A)
A major problem for them is attracting trainee attention.
B)
They are quite useful in developing trainee skill in applying or using
knowledge.
C)
They are quite good at teaching facts or procedures.
D)
Their greatest weakness is in helping provide cognitive organization.
Answer:
B
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
241

29.

Which of the following is true about OJT?

A)
It is one of the more expensive training methods.
B)
Most OJT done by small businesses uses the JIT method.
C)
When using the JIT method of OJT, the first step is Present.
D)
OJT generally uses experienced coworkers or supervisors as trainers.
Answer:
D
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
243

30.

The most frequently used training method (especially in smaller businesses) is

A)
Simulation.
B)
Role-play.
C)
Coaching.
D)
Behavioral modeling.
E)
On-the-job training.
Answer:
E
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
243

31.

The acronym JIT (an on-the-job training technique) stands for

A)
Job information topology.
B)
Just-in-time.
C)
Job incidents technique.
D)
Job instruction technique.
E)
Job instructional topology.
Answer:
D
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
243

32.

In the job instruction technique, the first step in the try out stage of
training is have the learner talk through the job. This causes activation of
which social learning theory process?
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A)
Attention
B)
Behavioral reproduction
C)
Symbolic rehearsal
D)
All levels of retention
Answer:
C
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
245
33.

Which training technique has its roots back in the Middle Ages?
A)
Apprenticeship training
B)
Behavioral modeling
C)
Simulations
D)
In-baskets
E)
Coaching
Answer:
A
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
247

34.

_____ is the process of providing one-to-one guidance and instruction to

improve the knowledge, skills, and work performance of the trainee.
A)
Behavior modeling
B)
Computer simulation
C)
Coaching
D)
Tutoring
Answer:
C
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
248

35.

The difference between coaching and traditional OJT is

A)
No type of TNA is needed for coaching.
B)
In coaching, the relationship must be more collaborative.
C)
Coaching is more of an ongoing process.
D)
Both B & C.
E)
All of the above.
Answer:
D
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
249

36.

The difference between mentoring and coaching is

A)
Mentoring is more effective.
B)
Coaching is more effective.
C)
They focus on different aspects of the job.
D)
Mentoring has always been a more formalized process.
E)
Both B & D.
Answer:
C
Difficulty:
Moderate
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Page Ref:

251

37.

Which of the following is a strength of OJT?

A)
Trainees learn skills in the actual work environment.
B)
Transfer of training occurs naturally.
C)
New employees can be oriented rapidly.
D)
All of the above.
Answer:
D
Difficulty:
Moderate
Page Ref:
253

38.

Which of the following training methods is most appropriate when both

knowledge and skill are learning objectives?
A)
Lecturettes
B)
Demonstrations
C)
Open discussions
D)
Role-play
Answer:
B
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
Table 6-10, p. 255

39.

According to the text, what is the biggest mistake made when using static
media?
A)
Cramming too much information on the one poster, sheet, or overhead
B)
Newsprint being used too often in adult learning
C)
Overheads used in a fully lighted room
D)
Burned out light bulbs in the overhead
E)
Using a VCR that only plays Betamax
Answer:
A
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
257

40.

Which of the following is NOT an example of static media?

A)
Video tapes
B)
Overhead transparency
C)
Pictures/slides
D)
Printed material
E)
All of the above are an example of static media
Answer:
A
Difficulty:
Easy
Page Ref:
258

41.

For both static and dynamic visuals, the rule of thumb for adequate trainee
viewing is:
A)
Three feet of trainee distance from the screen for every inch of screen
size.
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B)

One foot of trainee distance from the trainer for every foot of screen
size.
C)
Two feet of trainee distance from the screen for every foot of screen
size.
D)
One foot of trainee distance from the screen for every inch of screen
size.
E)
Two feet of trainee distance from the screen for every 3 inches of
screen size.
Answer:
D
Difficulty:
Challenging
Page Ref:
259
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.

____A lecture is best used to present information. (T; p. 218)

____The lecturette is an extensive presentation of material by the lecturer. (F;
p. 219)
____The discussion method includes a lecturette to provide information to
trainees. (T; p. 220)
____A relay question is when asked a question, the trainer re-asks the
question to the person who asked the question in hopes they will provide an
answer. (F; p. 222)
____The direct question is specific in nature and, therefore, has a specific
answer. (F; p. 222)
____One way to encourage trainees to respond is to ask them to write out an
answer. (T; p. 222)
____If you decided to use a case, the easiest way to obtain one is to develop it
from scratch. (F; p. 233)
____Case studies are best for developing analytic skills and complex problemsolving strategies. (T; p. 233)
____Role rotation in a role-play is where participants take on the role which is
opposite to what they believe in. (F; p. 235)
____The last step in behavior modeling is providing opportunity for
reinforcement in a structured role-play. (F; p. 237)
____The Job Instructional Technique has 3 steps: prepare, present, and try out.
(F; p. 243)
____OJT is often the training method of choice for small businesses. (T; p.
245)
____A main advantage to newsprint is it can be hung on the walls around the
training room. (T; p. 254)
____Audio tapes as a training method are hardly ever used as the newer
technology is far superior. (F; p. 258)

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SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS
56.

Discuss the different types of lectures and the differences between them.
The straight lecture is an extensive presentation of material by the
lecturer. The material is presented orally, while the trainee attempts to
absorb the information. The lecturette has the same characteristics as the
lecture, but usually lasts less than 20 minutes. The discussion method
uses a lecturette to provide trainees with information that is supported,
reinforced, and expanded on through interactions among the trainees and
between the trainees and the trainer.

57.

Define coaching and explain its relationship with the term mentoring.
Coaching is the process of providing one-on-one guidance and instruction
to improve the knowledge, skills, and work performance of the person
being coached. In coaching, co-workers can be coaches but typically it is
the supervisor who acts as the coach. Mentoring is considered to be a
form of coaching in which an ongoing relationship is developed between a
senior and junior employee. While coaching focuses on the technical
aspects of the employees job, mentoring is more focused on improving
the employees fit in the organization.

58.

What is the purpose of role-play and when should it be used?

Role-play is appropriate when the learning objective is to develop
interpersonal skills within specific situations, or to provide an experience
of what it feels like to be in a specific situation. It should only be used if
quality feedback can be guaranteed and when there is ample opportunity
and time to debrief after the training. Role-play should be used to
complement training after the required knowledge has been acquired.

59.

What is the purpose of behavior modeling and when should it be used?

Behavior modeling is useful when the purpose is to show trainees what
appropriate and/or inappropriate behavior looks like, or to allow trainees
an opportunity to compare their own behavior with that of a role model.
It is also effective in developing observational and critical thinking skills.
Behavior modeling should be used when the object of the training is a
skill that can be modeled, and when there is ample opportunity for
quality feedback.

ESSAY QUESTION

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60.

Define a role-play and in doing so, be sure to identify and explain the five
different types of role-play.
The role-play is an enactment (or simulation) of a scenario in which each
participant is given a part to act out. The five different types of role-play
are
Structured role-plays provide trainees with more detail about the
situation that has brought the characters together. They also provide
more detailed descriptions of each characters attitudes, needs,
opinions, and so on.
Spontaneous role-plays are loosely constructed interactions in which
one of the participants plays him/herself while the other character(s)
play(s) people the first trainee has interacted with in the past (or will
in the future).
Single role-play is when a set of trainees does a role-play and the rest
of the trainers watch. This provides a visual demonstration of some
learning point.
Multiple role-play is when all trainees are in role-play groups, with
each group acting out their roles simultaneously.
The role rotation method begins as a single role-play. Then, after a
discussion period, different trainees will exchange places with some,
or all, of the characters who are performing the role-play.

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