TOTAL STATION

INTRODUCTION
Atotal stationis an electronic/optical
instrument used in modernsurveying. The
total station is an
electronictheodolite(transit) integrated with
an electronicdistancemeter (EDM) to read
slope distances from the instrument to a
particular point.

 The total station is powered by small rechargeable

batteries and built into its memory are a number of
self-contained functions which include the
measurement of slope, distance, horizontal distance,
vertical distance.
There is a data recording module which is also called
as electronic field book. This data recording module
records the data and additional information.
In Total station, field survey data consists of the
angles, distance and related information is stored in
electronic field book

 The total station is mounted on a tripod and

leveled before use.
The other part of a total station, the electronic
distance measuring device, measures the
distance from the instrument to its target.
The total station provides a quicker solution to
this measurement by allowing a light beam to
measure the distance instead of a tape measure.
The total station sends an infrared laser that is
reflected from a prism and sent back to it.
With the tripod and total station now centered
over the top of the control point, adjust the tripod
legs by extending/contracting them, to position
the bubble of the circular vial located on the
tribrach of the total station to the center.

For reference purposes throughout these instructions, the front of the total station
is the side facing the object to be measured and the back of the total station is
the side with the LCD display panel.
Rotate the total station until the back of the unit is aligned with two of the leveling
screws located on the bottom plate of the total station.
There are two total station series to choose from, with many models available.
Total stations offer fast, accurate electronic distance measurement (EDM), easyto-use keypads and legendary optics to help you work more quickly and
productively in the field.
Total Station is three-dimensional surveying technology unit.
Accuracy of total stations is very high, and they have been in use over a period of
time long enough to justify confidence in their accuracy and reliability.
The largest discrepancy between the measured distance and that obtained from
the total station was.005 m.
The third part of the total station is an electronic distance-measuring device which
determines the distance between the station and the target at which the
instrument is aimed (normally a prismatic reflector).

Components of a Total
Station
EDM
Electronic Theodolite
On- board Microprocessor
Data Collector
Data Storage
Prisms

vantages of Total Station ov

Level and Theodolite
With total station, distance is
measured by itself as total station
consist features of EDM, thus
accuracy increases.
It is digital instrument which gives
the direct reading personal mistake
can be eliminated.

Uses
Angle measurement
Most modern total station instruments measure angles by
means of electro-optical scanning of extremely precise digital
bar-codes etched on rotating glass cylinders or discs within the
instrument

Distance measurement
Measurement of distance is accomplished with a
modulatedmicrowaveorinfraredcarrier signal, generated by
a small solid-state emitter within the instrument's optical path,
and reflected by a prism reflector or the object under survey.
The modulation pattern in the returning signal is read and
interpreted by the computer in the total station. The distance
is determined by emitting and receiving multiple frequencies,
and determining the integer number ofwavelengthsto the
target for eachfrequency. Most total stations use purpose-built
glasscorner cube prism reflectors for the EDM signal.

 Data processing
Some models include internal electronic data storage
to record distance, horizontal angle, and vertical
angle measured, while other models are equipped to
write these measurements to an externaldata
collector, such as a hand-held computer.
When data is downloaded from a total station onto a
computer, application software can be used to
compute results and generate amapof the surveyed
area

Features of
Total Station

FOLLOWING ARE THE SPECIAL

FEATURES
OF TOTAL STATION
High accuracy and long measuring range.

(1) Higher accuracy - + (2mm + 2ppm)

(2) Long measuring range with mini prism is 0.9 km
Long measuring range with single prism is 2km
Long measuring range with three prism is 2.7 km
Versatile application programs.
(1) On board data collection, stakeout/survey road
calculation
and many more functions
(2) Integrated alphanumeric key realizes the quicker
operation
(3) Large internal memory up to 24000 points
Enhanced absolute encoder- adopted absolute encoder, which
need not require zero set and it can also realize stable
measurement with less reading error
Superior water resistant and dust proof