The Reformation and Catholic Reformation (17.3, 17.

4)
Objectives:
1. We will be able to summarize the historical forces and religious issues that sparked the Reformation.
2. We will be able to understand the significance of the division of European regions into those that remained
Catholic and those that became Protestant.
3. We will be able to explain the various social, economic and political impacts of the Reformation.
Martin Luther Challenges the Church

Martin Luther--A monk from the

German region, that was fearful, lost
and worried that he would not get to
heaven
o Reads the following quote in
Bible "The righteous shall by
his faith. Roman 1.17
o Man can only be saved by
FAITH, NOT GOOD
DEEDS
1517-Luther Posts the 95 Theses (A
list of what Luther thought was
wrong)
o The Power of the Pope
o The Extreme Wealth of the Church
o Indulgences (Some Charge For--CORRUPT)
A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin
Leads to the Reformation

Luther is Kicked out of the Church

Diet of Worms (1520) is called and Luther is told to take

back his 95 Theses by Pope Leo X
o Luther says no, throws the pope's orders in to a
bonfire
Luther=Excommunicated and to receive no
help (Edict of Worm)
Not all follow the orders to not help Luther
o Some churches accept Luther's teaching and
Lutheranism is formed (1522)
o Some German Princes help Luther "Protest" the
Church
Reformers protest and become Protestants
(A break from the Catholic church)
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V does not like those
helping and goes to war with German Princes to bring back
to CatholicismEventually sign the Peace of Augsburg that will allow Princes to determine religion of
state

England Becomes Protestant

Englands King Henry VIII needs a Heir (successor)

His wife, Catherine of Aragon, had only a daughter
o Needs to annul his marriage for another wife with a hope of boy
Pope says "NO" and Henry has Parliament create the Church of England (King/Queen
rules) 1530s~
After period of turmoil, Queen Elizabeth I (1559), sets up the Church of England or Anglican Church
o Only legal church of England but was moderate

Other Reformations Quickly Follow

John Calvin Follows Luther and Gives Structure (In Switzerland)Establishes Calvinism branch of
Protestantism
o Book that gave structure to Protestant beliefs
o Believes people are sinful by nature
o Focal point--PREDESTINATION (God determines beforehand who will be saved)
Established theocracy and was very strict
o Others adopt Calvins' teachings like John Knox who creates the Presbyterian Church

A Bit More About Reform

Anabaptist
People should be baptized if old
enough to decide to be Christian
Separate church and state
Refused to fight in wars
o Forerunners to the Quakers
and Amish

Catholic Reformation (to help Catholics remain loyal and

dissention)
Ignatius in Spain forms the Jesuits (1540)
o Loyalty to Jesus--1. Founded schools for though 2.
Missionaries for Catholicism 3. Stop Protestantism
Popes Paul III (1540~)and Paul IV (1559) take big steps
(Paul III)--Investigate abuses, approved Jesuit order, used
the Inquisition for heresy, and Council of Trent (What it
did below)
o Churchs Interpretation of the Bible (your
own=heretic)
o Christians need faith and good work (not just faith)
o Bible and Church tradition equally powerful
o Indulgence were valid (false selling was bad)
(Paul IV)--Carried out Council of Trent, banned offensive
books