Engine Safety devices

The main engine safety devices are provided in the system to safe guard the main engine
in case of any damage in the system Mainly are fitted in engine when all the alarm and trips fails
to work then the last means for safe guarding the engine and components is these safety
devices fitted in the main engine .These are mainly of the type of pressure relief valve which
release the excess pressure built in case of malfunctioning of the engine and no action is well in
advance to rectify or to avoid the situation
SOME OF THE MAIN ENGINE SAFETY DEVICES FITTED IN THE MAIN ENGINE :

Crank case Relief Door

Scavenge Space Relief Door

The Starting Air relief valve .

Cylinder head Relief valve

Flame trap.

Oil mist detector.

Running Direction Interlock

Turning gear Interlock.

Main Engine Slow Down

Main engine slow down automatically when there is problem in the system and to avoid
the greater damage in the later stages when these defects are rectified the engine automatically
tunes to the sea speed .This is the primary stage to rectify the defects and it also indicates there
is a great damage to be taken place so rectify the defects as early as possible.
Main Engine Safety Trips :
Main engine safety trip which trips the main engine when no corrective action is taken
to the alarm and in certain cases the main engine is tripped manual .
Manual tripping of main engine is done in chance of the collision or grounding of the ship when
sailing in congested water and in navigation of the ship in restricted visibility .
So when any main engine trips are activated the Main engine stops and again it should be
started with the help of starting air after correcting the faults.
SOME OF THE MAIN ENGINE TRIPS ARE:
1. Over Speed Trip
2. Low Lube oil pressure Trip
3. Cam shaft Lube oil low pressure Trip
4. Jacket cooling water low pressure Trip
5. Piston cooling water low pressure Trip
6. Thrust Bearing High pressure Trip

7. Main Bearing high pressure and temperature Trip.

8. Oil Mist Detector

1.Explosion relief valve

The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine which ignites the fuel
by injecting it into hot, high-pressure air in a combustion chamber. In common with
all internal combustion engines the diesel engine operates with a fixed sequence of
events, which may be achieved either in four strokes or two, a stroke being the
travel of the piston between its extreme points. Each stroke is accomplished in half
a revolution of the crankshaft.
As a practical safeguard against explosions which occur in a crankcase, explosion
relief valves or doors are fitted. These valves serve to relieve excessive crankcase
pressures and stop flames being emitted from the crankcase. They must also be
self closing to stop the return of atmospheric air to the crankcase.
Various designs and arrangements of these valves exist where, on large slow-speed
diesels, two door type valves may be fitted to each crankcase or, on a mediumspeed diesel, one valve may be used. One design of explosion relief valve is shown
in Figure. A light spring holds the valve closed against its seat and a seal
ring completes the joint.
A deflector is fitted on the outside of the engine to safeguard personnel from the
out flowing gases, and inside the engine, over the valve opening, an oil wetted
gauze acts as a flame trap to stop any flames leaving the crankcase. After operation
the valve will close automatically under the action of the spring.

2. The cylinder relief valve:

The cylinder relief valve is designed to relieve pressures in excess of 10% to
20% above normal. A spring holds the valve closed and its lifting pressure is set by
an appropriate thickness of packing piece . Only a small amount of lift is permitted
and the escaping gases are directed to a safe outlet. The valve and spindle are
separate to enable the valve to correctly seat itself after opening.
The operation of this device indicates a fault in the engine which should be
discovered and corrected. The valve itself should then be examined at the earliest
opportunity.

3. Relief Valve

Its purpose is to relieve excess pressure in the air start

manifold. It consists of a spring loaded valve disk which locates on
a mating seat which is bolted to the end of the air start manifold.
When the force exerted on the disk due to excessive pressure is
greater than the spring force holding the valve closed, the valve
will open and release the excessive pressure.
4. Flame Arrestors

The flame trap is manufactured from brass or

aluminium alloy which both have a high specific heat capacity. A
number of holes are bored through the thick circular form to allow
the air to pass through. They are fitted in the main air line
immediately before the air start valve to restrict the risk of a
flame in the cylinder propagating back to the main air start
manifold, by dissipating the heat energy in the flame.

6.OIL MIST DETECTOR

The presence of an oil mist in the crankcase is the result of oil vaporization caused
by a hot spot. Explosive conditions can result if a buildup of oil mist is allowed. The
oil mist detector uses photoelectric cells to measure small increases in oil mist
density. A motor driven fan continuously draws samples of crankcase oil mist
through a measuring tube. An increased meter reading and alarm will result if any
crankcase sample contains excessive mist when compared to either clean air or the
other crankcase compartments.
The rotary valve which draws the sample then stops to indicate the suspect
crankcase. The comparator model tests one crankcase mist sample against all the
others and once a cycle against clean air. The level model tests each crankcase in

turn against a reference tube sealed with clean air. The comparator model is used
for crosshead type engines and the level model for trunk piston engines.

7. The Turning gear interlock:

The turning gear interlock is a valve which will not allow
starting air to operate the system when the turning gear is
engaged.

8. . Running dirction interlock

Running direction interlock prevents engine to be started in reverse direction
until all cam rollers of fuel pump have shifted.
Telegraph position interlock allows engine to be started only in the direction
intended by bridge. Distributor position interlock.checks whether distributor is
whether in start or stop direction. It has to be in either in one direction to
commence starting.