Motorized Screw Jack

COVER PAGE
PROJECT TITLE
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to
SUNRISE UNIVERSITY
in partial fulfilment for the award of the diploma of
POLYTECHNIC
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SUNRISE UNIVERSITY
ALWAR
RAJASTHAN, INDIA
MAY 2014
Annexure1
PROJECT TITLE
<1.5 line spacing>
1
A PROJECT REPORT
<Italic>
Submitted to
SUNRISE UNIVERSITY
<Bold
in partial fulfilment for the award of the diploma of

<1.5 line spacing><Italic>
POLYTECHNIC
<Bold
IN MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
<Bold
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

<Bold
SUNRISE UNIVERSITY
<Bold
ALWAR RAJASTHAN,
INDIA
<Bold
MAY 2014
<Bold
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled TITLE OF PROJECT WORK
submitted by NAME OF GROUP to the SunRise University Alwar,Rajasthan in partial

fulfilment for the award of Diploma of Polytechnic in Mechanical Engineering is a confide
record of the project work carried out by him under my supervision during the year 20152016.
Submitted to:
Submitted by:
Name of incharge
Name of student(Roll)
Designation
Name (Project Guide)

Designation
SUNRISE UNIVERSITY
Bagad Rajput, ALWAR-301030(Raj.)
INDIA
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep to my mentor Mr.
Vinayak Hemadri for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement
throughout the course of this thesis. The blessing, help and guidance given by him time to
time shall carry me a long way on the journey of life in which I am about to embark. I also
take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to the mentor for his cordial
support, valuable information and guidance, which helped me in completing this task through
various stages.
Lastly, I thank almighty, my parents, and friends for their constant encouragement
without which this assignment would not be completed.
ABSTRACT
A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the
jack is adjusted by turning the lead screw. This can be done either manually or by integrating
an electric motor with it. This integration is our project. The difficult part in the project may
be finding a low speed motor that is able to work at 12V. This is because the battery output of
an automobile is 12V, and the electricity needed for the operation of the screw jack is taken
from this battery. Another problem will be regarding speed reduction. Basically 12V motors
usually operate at higher speeds, likely at 4000 or 5300 rpm. So reducing this high rpm to the
required lower rpm for the operation of screw jack without bulky accessories or power loss
can be challenging. By this project effortless manual work can be achieved easily. This can
be done in any type of jack namely cylindrical screw jack, bottle screw jack and scissor screw
jack. In our project we use scissor screw jack which is motorized.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO
TITLE
PAGE NO
ABSTRACT
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
09
1.1WORKING PRINCIPLE
10
1.2 APPLICATIONS
11
1.3 ADVANTAGES
11
1.4DISADVANTAGES
11
CHAPTER 2
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
12
2.2 NEED FOR AUTOMATION
12
2.3 THE ARMATURE
16
2.4 THE COMMUTATOR AND BRUSHES
17
CHAPTER 3
3.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE
18
3.2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION
19
3.3CONSTRUCTION
20
3.4 ADVANTAGES
33
3.5 DISADVANTAGES
33
3.6 APPLICATIONS
33
CHAPTER 4
4.1 PROPOSED DESIGN MODEL OF
MOTORIZED SCREW JACK
34
4.2 PROPOSED DESIGN POWER SUPPLY

UNIT FOR MOTOR
35
4.3 PROPOSED DESIGN MOTOR MOUNTING

FOR SCREW LEAD IN JACK
36
4.4 PROPOSED DESIGN MOTOR

MOUNTED FINAL PRODUCT WORKING ON MOTOR
AUTOMATICALLY
37
4.5 HARDWARE USED IN PROJECT
38
4.6 TOOLS USED IN PROJECT
38
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
39
REFERENCES
40
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE.NO
NAME
PAGE.NO
1.1
Scissor Jack
07
1.1.2
Scissor Jack Woking
09
2.1.1
Motorized Screw Jack
10
2.1.2
Automation Jack
14
4.1
Proposed Design Model Of Motorized Screw Jack
32
4.2
Proposed Design Power Supply Unit For Motor
33
4.3
Proposed Design Motor Mounting For

Screw Lead In Jack
4.4
34
Proposed Design Motor Mounted Final

Product Working On Motor Automatically
35
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
An electrically operated screw-type jack comprising a support base, a housing, a jack
body, a lifting ram which is contained in the jack body, a servo motor which is contained in
the housing, reduction gears for transmitting the driving power of the servo motor to the
lifting ram, a safety device prevent the motor and the power transmitting mechanism from an
abrupt
Failure due to overloading, a square head pin for conventional hand operation of the
jack when the jack is overloaded. The safety device consists of a clutch disk, a clutch spring
and a sleeve. The reduction gears consist of first sun and planet gears, second sun and planet
gears and a sun gear cylinder.
The remote is used for control the jack from distance. In case of heavy object the jack
can be operated remotely. No need to control manually, this project reduces the accident.
Fig 1.1: Scissor jack

1.1 WORKING PRINCIPLE:
A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the jack is
adjusted by turning the lead screw. This can be done either manually or by integrating an
electric motor with it. This integration is our project. Power screws are used to convert rotary
9
motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is an example of a power screw in which a
small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to raise or lower a large load. The principle
on which it works is similar to that of an inclined plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw
jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort applied. The screw jack is operated by turning
a lead screw. The effort required to rotate the screw can be eliminated by using a 12V DC
motor to rotated screw of jack; which facilitate in easy replacement of tyre. Advantage of this
system is that it draws the energy from the battery of vehicle. For torque multiplication;
generated by motor two spur gear are used. A small gear is mounted on motor shaft and a
large spur gear on power screw of jack. Also we are looking for to increase the efficiency of
motorized screw jack by varying helix angle by which energy drawn by motor can be
decrease.
The motorized screw jack has been developed to cater to the needs of small and medium
automobile garages, which are normally man powered with minimum skilled labor. In most
of the garages the vehicles are lifted by using screw jack. This needs high man power and
skilled labour. In order to avoid all such disadvantages, the motorized jack has been designed
in such a way that it can be used to lift the vehicle very smoothly without any impact force.
The operation is made simple so that even unskilled labour can use it with ease.The d.c motor
is coupled with the screw jack by gear arrangement. The screw jack shafts rotation depends
upon the rotation of D.C motor. This is a simple type of automation project. The operation
remains to be an essential part of the system although with changing demands on physical
input, the degree of mechanization is increased.
The components of the jack are:
1. Support base.
2. Jack body mounted on support base
3. Housing mounted on jack body, having a flange formed at a middle portion.
10
4. Servo motor having a driving gear mounted to a lower end .The servo motor is contained
in the housing.
5. Lifting ram vertically mounted on the support base.
6. Driven jaws of the scissor plate.
Fig 1.1.2: Scissor jack

1.2 APPLICATIONS:
The jack can be operated remotely
Can be used by physically handicap persons to lift car or other things
Can be used in workshop or by personal use
1.3 ADVANTAGES:
No need of human effort
Jack can controlled both remotely as well as manually
Heavy things can lift easily
1.4 DISADVANTAGES:
Power is needed
11
CHAPTER 2
2.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig 2.1.1: Motorized screw jack
2.2 Need for Automation

Automation can be achieved through computers, hydraulics, pneumatics, robotics, etc.
Automation plays an important role in mass production. For mass production of the product,
the machining operations decide the sequence of machining. Fabrication of a motorized
screw jack is easy especially when the parts are available in the market. This mechanical
engineering project can be easily completed by integrating an electric motor with a screw
jack.
A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead screw. The height of the jack is
adjusted by turning the lead screw. This can be done either manually or by integrating an
electric motor with it. This integration is our project.
The difficult part in the project may be finding a low speed motor that is able to work at 12V.
This is because the battery output of an automobile is 12V, and the electricity needed for the
12
operation of the screw jack is taken from this battery. Another problem will be regarding
speed reduction. 12V motors usually operate at higher speeds, likely at 4000 or 5300 rpm. So
reducing this high rpm to the required lower rpms for the operation of screw jack without
bulky accessories or power loss can be challenging.
Screw Jack: It is a jack which is operated by turning a lead screw. In the form of a screw jack
it is commonly used to lift heavy weights such as the foundations of houses, or large vehicles.
A screw jack consists of a strong screw shaft which extends vertically from a heavy
supporting base, and is turned with a bar or lever. On the upper end of the screw is a bearing
surface which supports the load. When the screw is rotated it extends, lifting the load.
Gear Mechanism: The Gear mechanism plays a vital role in transmitting the power/torque
from Motor to the Screw Jack to perform this The Pinion and Gear have different number of
teeth giving a gear ratio of 1.5 and reducing the speed of the motor in the same ratio.
Motor: The motor required in this project is not easy to find as it should have the capability
to run from a car battery producing 12V and at the same time producing huge Amount of
Torque so as to lift the vehicle with low r.p.m. of 80-100. Also the motor should be bipolar as
it should be capable to lift as well as to put down the vehicle when the whole work is
performed
In Brief: When the worm shaft is rotated the lead screw rotates in the body of the screw jack
at the same rate as the worm gear. The nut on the lead screw moves in a linear direction along
the screw when fixed to a structure that prevents it from rotating with the screw. This design
is
also
available
with
13
"Safety
Nut".
In Detail: When a screw jack unit is operated, the rotation of the worm shaft causes the worm
gear to rotate. For rotating screw jacks the lead screw is fixed to the worm gear and they
rotate at the same speed. As the worm gear turns, the friction forces on the screw thread act to
turn the nut also. The greater the load on the screw jack unit, the greater the tendency of the
nut to turn. It is obvious that if the nut turns with the screw, it will not raise the load.
Therefore the nut needs to be fixed to a structure to prevent rotation. The restraining torque
required
for
the
structure,
also
known
as
the
"lead
screw
key
torque"
The input power to the screw jacks should not exceed the power rating shown in the
specifications table. Maximum input speed in rpm (revolutions per minute) to a screw jacks
worm shaft should not exceed 1800 rpm for E-Series and M-Series screw jacks; however the
high performance S-Series screw jacks can operate at up to 3000 rpm. Power Jacks cannot
accept responsibility for the overheating and rapid wear that may occur should these limits be
exceeded. Power increases in direct proportion to the speed, and the motor size will be out of
proportion to the screw jack model design rating should the speed become excessively high.
When selecting the maximum permissible speed for a screw jack arrangement, always check
to
see
that
the
power
rating
of
the
screw
jack
model
is
not
exceeded.
The machines designed for producing a particular product are called transfer
machines. The components must be moved automatically from the bins to various machines
sequentially and the final component can be placed separately for packaging. Materials can
also be repeatedly transferred from the moving conveyors to the work place and vice versa.
Nowadays, almost all the manufacturing processes are being atomized in order to deliver the
products at a faster rate. The manufacturing
The invention relates to a screw jack with a screw shaft and several ball bearing
units that surround
the screw eccentrically and form a nut structure, the ball

14
bearing units engaging unilaterally into the thread and rolling in the thread and
forming one part with or being joined to an inner track ring of one ball bearing unit,
the outer rings of the ball bearings of the individual ball bearing
units being joined
with each other.

The screw jack already known has two ball bearing units in the nut structure
which engage with radial pre-load f r o m opposite sides into the thread. Since the
ball bearing units are necessarily arranged sideways at a distance from each other,
the radial pre-load causes a tilting moment effecting the nut structure, which is
balanced
by
neck
bearing
that
also
engages in
the thread. This is a
disadvantage with regard to the efficiency, the smoothness of running, the long life
and the idling moment, p a r t i c u l a r l y if the length o f the screw shaft is big
compared to the diameter of the screw. A rather .high stress is often a l s o caused
b y an improper adjustment of the ball bearing units. Such wrong adjustments are
mostly only recognized by bad running a n d an increased wear of the neck bearings.
Operation is being atomized for the following reasons:
To achieve mass production
To reduce man power
To increase the efficiency of the plant
To reduce the work load
To reduce the production cost
To reduce the production time
To reduce the material handling
To reduce the fatigue of workers
To achieve good product quality

15
Less Maintenance
Fig 2.1.2: Automation Jack
2.3 The Armature

The armature takes the place of the nail in an electric motor. The armature is an
electromagnet made by coiling thin wire around two or more poles of a metal core. The
armature has an axle, and the commutator is attached to the axle. In the diagram above you
can see three different views of the same armature: front, side and end-on. In the end-on view
the winding is eliminated to make the commutator more obvious. The commutator is simply a
pair of plates attached to the axle. These plates provide the two connections for the coil of the
Electromagnet.
2.4 The Commutator and brushes

The "flipping the electric field" part of an electric motor is accomplished by two parts:
the commutator and the brushes. The diagram at the right shows how the commutator and
brushes work together to let current flow to the electromagnet, and also to flip the direction
16
that the electrons are flowing at just the right moment. The contacts of the commutator are
attached to the axle of the electromagnet, so they spin with the magnet. The brushes are just
two pieces of springy metal or carbon that make contact with the contacts of the commutator.
17
CHAPTER 3
3.1 Working Principle
The lead-acid battery is used to drive the d.c motor. The d.c motor shaft is connected
to the spur gear. If power is given to the D.c motor, it will run so that the spur gear also runs
to slow down the speed of the D.C motor. The screw jack moves the screw upward, so that
the vehicle lifts from ground. The vehicle is lifted by using the lifting platform at the top of
the Screw jack. The motor draws power supply from the battery. The lifting and uplifting is
done by changing the battery supply to the motor.
Power screws are used to convert rotary motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is
an example of a power screw in which a small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to
raise or lower a large load. The principle on which it works is similar to that of an inclined
plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort
applied. The screw jack is operated by turning a lead screw. The effort required to rotate the
screw can be eliminated by using a 12V DC motor to rotated screw of jack; which facilitate
in easy replacement of tyre. Advantage of this system is that it draws the energy from the
battery of vehicle. For torque multiplication; generated by motor two spur gear are used. A
small gear is mounted on motor shaft and a large spur gear on power screw of jack. Also we
are looking for to increase the efficiency of motorized screw jack by varying helix angle by
which energy drawn by motor can be decrease.
18
Fabrication of a motorized screw jack is easy especially when the parts are available in the
market. This mechanical engineering project can be easily completed by integrating an
electric motor with a screw jack. A screw jack or a Jackscrew is operated by turning a lead
screw. The height of the jack is adjusted by turning the lead screw. This can be done either
manually or by integrating an electric motor with it. This integration is our project. The
difficult part in the project may be finding a low speed motor that is able to work at 12V. This
is because the battery output of an automobile is 12V, and the electricity needed for the
operation of the screw jack is taken from this battery. Another problem will be regarding
speed reduction. 12V motors usually operate at higher speeds, likely at 4000 or 5300 rpm. So
reducing this high rpm to the required lower rpms for the operation of screw jack without
bulky
accessories
or
power
loss
can
be
challenging.
3.2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION

It is a jack which is operated by turning a lead screw. In the form of a screw jack it is
commonly used to lift heavy weights such as the foundations of houses, or large vehicles. A
screw jack consists of a strong screw shaft which extends vertically from a heavy supporting
base, and is turned with a bar or lever. On the upper end of the screw is a bearing surface
which supports the load. When the screw is rotated it extends, lifting the load.
The Gear mechanism plays a vital role in transmitting the power/torque from Motor to the
19
Screw Jack to perform this The Pinion and Gear have different number of teeth giving a gear
ratio
of
1.5
and
reducing
the
speed
of
the
motor
in
the
same
ratio.
The motor required in this project is not easy to find as it should have the
capability to run from a car battery producing 12V and at the same time producing huge
Amount of Torque so as to lift the vehicle with low r.p.m. of 80-100. Also the motor
should be bipolar as it should be capable to lift as well as to put down the vehicle when
the
whole
work
is
performed
3.3CONSTRUCTION:
In Brief: When the worm shaft is rotated the lead screw rotates in the body of the screw jack
at the same rate as the worm gear. The nut on the lead screw moves in a linear direction along
the screw when fixed to a structure that prevents it from rotating with the screw. This design
is
also
available
with
"Safety
Nut".
In Detail: When a screw jack unit is operated, the rotation of the worm shaft causes the
worm gear to rotate. For rotating screw jacks the lead screw is fixed to the worm gear and
they rotate at the same speed. As the worm gear turns, the friction forces on the screw thread
act to turn the nut also. The greater the load on the screw jack unit, the greater the tendency
of the nut to turn. It is obvious that if the nut turns with the screw, it will not raise the load.
Therefore the nut needs to be fixed to a structure to prevent rotation. The restraining torque
required
for
the
structure,
also
known
as
the
"lead
screw
key
torque"
The input power to the screw jacks should not exceed the power rating shown in the
specifications table. Maximum input speed in rpm (revolutions per minute) to a screw jacks
worm shaft should not exceed 1800 rpm for E-Series and M-Series screw jacks; however the
high performance S-Series screw jacks can operate at up to 3000 rpm. Power Jacks cannot
20
accept responsibility for the overheating and rapid wear that may occur should these limits be
exceeded. Power increases in direct proportion to the speed, and the motor size will be out of
proportion to the screw jack model design rating should the speed become excessively high.
When selecting the maximum permissible speed for a screw jack arrangement, always check
to see that the power rating of the screw jack model is not exceeded.
Power screws are used to convert rotary motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is
an example of a power screw in which a small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to
raise or lower a large load. The principle on which it works is similar to that of an inclined
plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort
applied. The screw jack is operated by turning a lead screw. The effort required to rotate the
screw can be eliminated by using a 12V DC motor to rotated screw of jack; which facilitate
in easy replacement of tyre. Advantage of this system is that it draws the energy from the
battery of vehicle. For torque multiplication; generated by motor two spur gear are used. A
small gear is mounted on motor shaft and a large spur gear on power screw of jack. Also we
are looking for to increase the efficiency of motorized screw jack by varying helix angle by
which energy drawn by motor can be decrease.
21
The efforts being put to produce any kind of work has been continuously decreasing. The
efforts required in achieving the desired output can be effectively and economically be
decreased by the implementation of better designs. Power screws are used to convert rotary
motion into translatory motion. A screw jack is an example of a power screw in which a
small force applied in a horizontal plane is used to raise or lower a large load. The principle
on which it works is similar to that of an inclined plane. The mechanical advantage of a screw
jack is the ratio of the load applied to the effort applied. The screw jack is operated by turning
a lead screw. The height of the jack is adjusted by turning a lead screw and this adjustment
can be done either manually or by integrating an electric motor. This research paper analyzes
the modification of the existing motor screw jack by incorporating an electric motor in the
screw in order to make load lifting easier. In this modified design, the power screw is rotated
by connecting motor through universal coupling, plugged to the automobile 12 V battery
source to generate power for the prime mover (motor), which transmits its rotating speed to
the power screw to be rotated with required speed reduction and increased torque to drive the
power screw. The significance and purpose of this work is to modify the existing car jack in
order to make the operation easier, safer and more reliable in order to reduce health risks
especially back ache problems associated with doing work in a bent or squatting position for
a long period of time. The modified car jack is easy to use by women or whoever had
problem with the vehicle tyres along the road. The designed motorised jack will also save
time and requires less human energy to operate.
A screw jack is a portable device consisting of a screw mechanism used to raise or lower the
load. The principle on which the screw jack works is similar to that of an inclined plane.
There are mainly two types of jacks-hydraulic and mechanical. A hydraulic jack consists of a
22
cylinder and piston mechanism. The movement of the piston rod is used to raise or lower the
load. Mechanical jacks can be either hand operated or power driven.
Jacks are used frequently in raising cars so that a tire can be changed. A screw jack is
commonly used with cars but is also used in many other ways, including industrial machinery
and even aeroplanes. They can be short, tall, fat, or thin depending on the amount of pressure
they will be under and the space that they need to fit into. The jack is made out of various
types of metal, but the screw itself is generally made out of lead. While screw jacks are
designed purposely for raising and lowering loads, they are not ideal for side loads, although
some can withstand side loads depending on the diameter and size of the lifting screw. Shock
loads should also be avoided or minimized. Some screw jacks are built with anti-backlash.
The anti-backlash device moderates the axial backlash in the lifting screw and nut assembly
to a regulated minimum. A large amount of heat is generated in the screw jack and long lifts
can cause serious overheating. To retain the efficiency of the screw jack, it must be used
under ambient temperatures, otherwise lubricants must be applied. There are oil lubricants
intended to enhance the equipments capabilities. Apart from proper maintenance, to
optimize the capability and usefulness of a screw jack it is imperative to employ it according
to its design and manufacturers instruction. Ensure that you follow the speed, load capacity,
temperature recommendation and other relevant factors for application. Types of Screw Jack
Jacks are of mainly two types- mechanical and hydraulic. They vary in size depending on the
load that they are used to lift.
(a) Mechanical Jacks: A mechanical jack is a device which lifts heavy equipment. The most
common form is a car jack, floor jack or garage jack which lifts vehicles so that maintenance
can be performed. Car jacks usually use mechanical advantage to allow a human to lift a
vehicle by manual force alone. More powerful jacks use hydraulic power to provide more lift
over greater distances. Mechanical jacks are usually rated for maximum lifting capacity.
23
(b) Hydraulic Jacks: Hydraulic jacks are typically used for shop work, rather than as an
emergency jack to be carried with the vehicle. Use of jacks not designed for a specific vehicle
requires more than the usual care in selecting ground conditions, the jacking point on the
vehicle, and to ensure stability when the jack is extended. Hydraulic jacks are often used to
lift elevators in low and medium rise buildings. A hydraulic jack uses a fluid, which is
incompressible, that is forced into a cylinder by a pump plunger. Oil is used since it is self
lubricating and stable.
(c) When the plunger pulls back, it draws oil out of the reservoir through a suction check
valve into the pump chamber. When the plunger moves forward, it pushes the oil through a
discharge check valve into the cylinder. The suction valve ball is within the chamber and opens with
each draw of the plunger. The discharge valve ball is outside the chamber and opens when the oil is
pushed into the cylinder. At this point the suction ball within the chamber is forced shut and oil
pressure builds in the cylinder.
Operational Considerations of a screw jack Maintain low surface contact pressure: Increasing the
screw size and nut size will reduce thread contact pressure for the same working load. The higher the
unit pressure and the higher the surface speed, the more rapid the wear will be. Maintain low surface
speed: Increasing the screw head will reduce the surface speed forthe same linear speed. Keep the
mating surfaces well lubricated: The better the lubrication, the longer is the service life. Grease
fittings or other lubrication means must be provided for the power screw and nut. Keep the mating
surfaces clean: Dirt can easily embed itself in the soft nut material. It will act as a file and abrade the
mating screw surface.
The soft nut material backs away during contact leaving the hard dirt particles to scrap away the
mating screw material. Keep heat away: When the mating surfaces heat up, they become much softer
and are more easily worn away. Means to remove the heat such as limited duty cycles or heat sinks
must be provided so that rapid wear of over-heated materials can be avoided. 2. Literature Review
Screw type mechanical jacks were very common for jeeps and trucks of World War II vintage. For
24
example, the World War II jeeps (Willys MB and Ford GPW) were issued the "Jack, Automobile,
Screw type, Capacity 1 1/2 ton", Ordnance part number 41-J-66. This jacks, and similar jacks for
trucks, were activated by using the lug wrench as a handle for the jack's ratchet action to of the jack.
The 41-J-66 jack was carried in the jeep's tool compartment.
Screw type jack's continued in use for small capacity requirements due to low cost of production raise
or lower it. A control tab is marked up/down and its position determines the direction of movement
and almost no maintenance. The virtues of using a screw as a machine, essentially an inclined plane
wound round a cylinder, was first demonstrated by Archimedes in 200BC with his device used for
pumping
water.
International
Journal
of
Scientific
(IJSEAS) Volume1, Issue3, June 2015 ISSN: 23953470
Engineering
and
Applied
Science
There is evidence of the use of screws
in the Ancient Roman world but it was the great Leonardo da Vinci, in the late 1400s, who first
demonstrated the use of a screw jack for lifting loads. Leonardos design used a threaded worm gear,
supported on bearings, that rotated by the turning of a worm shaft to drive a lifting screw to move the
load - instantly recognizable as the principle we use today.
We cant be sure of the intended application of his invention, but it seems to have been relegated to
the history books, along with the helicopter and tank, for almost four centuries. It is not until the late
1800s that we have evidence of the product being developed further. With the industrial revolution of
the late 18th and 19th centuries came the first use of screws in machine tools, via English inventors
such as John Wilkinson and Henry Maudsley The most notable inventor in mechanical engineering
from the early 1800s was undoubtedly the mechanical genius Joseph Whitworth, who recognised the
need for precision had become as important in industry as the provision of power. While he would
eventually have over 50 British patents with titles ranging from knitting machines to rifles, it was
Whitworths work on screw cutting machines, accurate measuring instruments and standards covering
the angle and pitch of screw threads that would most influence our industry today. Whitworths tools
had become internationally famous for their precision and quality and dominated the market from the
1850s. Inspired young engineers began to put Whitworths machine tools to new uses. During the
early 1880s in Coaticook, a small town near Quebec, a 24- year-old inventor named Frank Henry
25
Sleeper designed a lifting jack. Like da Vincis jack, it was a technological innovation because it was
based on the principle of the ball bearing for supporting a load and transferred rotary motion, through
gearing and a screw, into linear motion for moving the load. The device was efficient, reliable and
easy to operate.
It was used in the construction of bridges, but mostly by the railroad industry, where it was able to lift
locomotives and railway cars. Local Coaticook industrialist, Arthur Osmore Norton, spotted the
potential for Sleepers design and in 1886 hired the young man and purchased the patent. The Norton
jack was born. Over the International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science
(IJSEAS) Volume1, Issue3, June 2015 ISSN: 23953470 coming years the famous Norton jacks
were manufactured at plants in Boston, Coaticook and Moline, Illinois. Meanwhile, in Alleghany
County near Pittsburgh in 1883, an enterprising Mississippi river boat captain named Josiah Barrett
had an idea for a ratchet jack that would pull barges together to form a tow.
The idea was based on the familiar lever and fulcrum principle and he needed someone to
manufacture it. That person was Samuel Duff, proprietor of a local machine shop, together, they
created the Duff Manufacturing Company, which by 1890 had developed new applications for the
original Barrett Jack and extended the product line to seven models in varying capacities. Over the
next 30 years the Duff Manufacturing Company became the largest manufacturer of lifting jacks in
the world, developing many new types of jack for various applications including its own version of
the ball bearing screw jack. It was only natural that in 1928, The Duff Manufacturing Company Inc.
merged with A.O. Norton to create the Duff-Norton Manufacturing Company.
Both companies had offered manually operated screw jacks but the first new product manufactured
under the joint venture was the air motor-operated power jack that appeared in 1929. With the aid of
the relatively new portable compressor technology, users now could move and position loads without
manual effort. The jack, used predominantly in the railway industry, incorporated an air motor
manufactured by The Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company. There was clearly potential for using this
technology for other applications and only 10 years later, in 1940, the first worm gear screw jack, that
26
is instantly recognizable today, was offered by Duff-Norton, for adjusting the heights of truck loading
platforms and mill tables. With the ability to be used individually or linked mechanically and driven
by either air or electric motors or even manually, the first model had a lifting capacity of 10 tons with
raises of 2 or 4. Since then the product has evolved to push, pull, lift, lower and position loads of
anything from a few kilos to hundreds of tonnes. One of the biggest single screw jacks made to date is
a special Power Jacks E-Series unit that is rated for 350 tonnes even in earthquake conditions for the
nuclear industry More recent developments have concentrated on improved efficiency and
durability, resulting in changes in both lead screw and gearbox design options for screw
jacks.
A screw jack that has a built-in motor is now referred to as a linear actuator but is essentially
still a screw jack. Today, screw jacks can be linked mechanically or electronically and with
the advances in motion-control, loads can be positioned to within microns. Improvements in
gear technology together with the addition of precision ball screws and roller screws mean
the applications for screw jacks today are endless and a real alternative to hydraulics in terms
of duty cycles and speed at a time when industry demands cleaner, quieter and more reliable
solutions.
Screws Application is used in the elevation of vehicles or objects. The operation of the screw
jack is such that it comprises a handle for driving a bolt element (Lead Screw) manually so as
to adjust the height of the Jack to elevate a vehicle or the object. The operation of the jack
manually makes it difficult for most women and the elderly to operate since much effort is
needed to drive the screw jack which results in low linear speed and time consuming. These
presently available jacks further require the operator to remain in prolonged bent or squatting
position to operate the jack.
Doing work in a bent or squatting position for a period of time is not ergonomic to human
body. It will give back ache problem in due of time. Suppose car jacks must be easy to use by
27
women or whoever had problem with the tyres along the road. The objective of this paper is
therefore to modify the existing design of car jack by incorporating an electric motor into the
existing screw jack to make the operation easier, safer faster and more reliable.
3. Motorized Screw Jack Our survey in the regard in several automobile garages, revealed the
facts that mostly some difficult methods were adopted in lifting the vehicles for
reconditioning. Now the research paper has mainly concentrated on this difficulty, and hence
a suitable device has been designed, such that the vehicle can be lifted from the floor land
without application of any impact force. The fabrication part of it has been considered with
almost case for its simplicity and economy, such that this can be accommodated as one of the
essential tools on automobile garages
of International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) Volume1,
Issue3, June 2015 ISSN: 23953470 the garages the vehicles are lifted by using screw jack.
This needs high man power and skilled labour. In order to avoid all such disadvantages, the
motorized jack has been designed in such a way that it can be used to lift the vehicle very
smoothly without any impact force. The operation is made simple so that even unskilled
labour can use it with ease.
The D.C. motor is coupled with the screw jack by gear arrangement. The screw jack shafts
rotation depends upon the rotation of D.C motor. This is a simple type of automation project.
This is an era of automation where it is broadly defined as replacement of manual effort by
mechanical power in all degrees of automation. The operation remains to be an essential part
of the system although with changing demands on physical input, the degree of
28
mechanization is increased. 4. Parts of Motorized Screw Jack The main parts of the
motorized screw jack are as follows:
(i)
D.C. motor: An electric motor is a machine which converts electrical energy to

mechanical energy. Its action is based on the principle that when a current-carrying
conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a magnetic force whose
direction is given by Flemings left hand rule. Flemings Left Hand Rule Keep the
force finger, middle finger and thumb of the left hand mutually perpendicular to one
another.
(ii)
If the fore finger indicates the direction of magnetic field and middle finger indicates
the direction of current in the conductor, then the thumb indicates the direction of the
motion of conductor. When a motor is in operation, it develops torque. This torque
can produce mechanical rotation. DC motors are also like generators classified into
shunt wound or series wound or compound wound motors. Principle of Operation of
Dc Motor A simplified model of such a motor is shown in figure. The conductors are
wound over a soft iron core. DC supply is given to the field poles for producing flux.
The conductors are connected to the DC supply through brushes International Journal
of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) Volume1, Issue3, June
2015 ISSN: 23953470 www.ijseas.com 315 A simple 2-pole DC electric motor has
6 parts, as shown in the diagram below.
An armature or rotor A commutator Brushes An axle A field magnet A DC power supply of

some sort An electric motor is all about magnets and magnetism: a motor uses magnets to
create motion.
Opposites attract and likes repel. So if there are 2 bar magnets with their ends marked north
and south, then the North end of one magnet will attract the South end of the other. On the
29
other hand, the North end of one magnet will repel the North end of the other (and similarly
south will repel south). Inside an electric motor these attracting and repelling forces create
rotational motion. In the diagram above, you can see two magnets in the motor, the armature
(or rotor) is an electromagnet, while the field magnet is a permanent magnet (the field magnet
could be an electromagnet as well, but in most small motors it is not to save power).
(ii) Universal Joint: A universal joint is a positive, mechanical connection between rotating
shafts, which are usually not parallel, but intersecting. They are used to transmit motion,
power, or both. The simplest and most common type is called the Cardan joint or Hooke
joint. It is shown in Figure. It consists of two yokes, one on each shaft, connected by a crossshaped intermediate member called the spider. The angle between the two shafts is called the
operating angle. It is generally, but not necessarily, constant during operation. Good design
practice calls for low operating angles, often less than 25, depending on the application.
Independent of this guideline ne, mechanical interference in the construction of Cardan joints
limits the operating angle to a maximum (often about 37), depending on its proportions.
Typical applications of universal joints include aircraft, appliances, control mechanisms,
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science (IJSEAS) Volume1,
Issue3, June 2015 ISSN: 23953470
electronics, Instrumentation, medical and optical
devices, ordnance, radio, sewing machines, textile machinery and tool drives. Universal joints
are available in steel or in thermoplastic body members. Universal joints made of steel have
maximum load-carrying capacity for a given size. Universal joints with thermoplastic body
members are used in light industrial applications in which their self-lubricating feature, light
weight, negligible backlash, corrosion resistance and capability for high-speed operation are
significant advantages.
30
(iii) Remote control: A remote control is a component of an electronics device, most

commonly a television set, DVD player and home theater systems originally used for
operating the device wirelessly from a short line-of-sight distance. Remote control has
continually evolved and advanced over recent years to include Bluetooth connectivity,
motion sensor enabled capabilities and voice control. Process involved Fabrication and
assembly of remote control lifting Jack is as follows:
(a) Making of coupling: We have cut the blank of mild steel rod having diameter 60 mm and
length 70mm by using power hacksaw machine from the given rod. Turning operation of MS
rod has done on lathe machine which reduces the diameter up to 50 mm. Machining operation
has done on CNC milling machine for making slot. Drilling operation has done on drilling
machine for making hole of 10mm diameter for fixing bolt and nut. Surface finishing
operation has done by grinding machine and filing.
(b) Supporting component: Supporting component has used for fixing the D.C. motor. It has
cut from the channel by using power hacksaw machine in required size. Drilling operation
has done on drilling machine for fixing bolt. Finishing operation has done on bench vice
using file
(c) Base plate: Base plate is made from mild steel plate. It has used for fixing all components
of motorized lifting jack. Base plate has cut from mild steel plate of bigger size in to required
size of 120mmx100mm. by using gas cutter machine. Surface finishing operation has done by
using grinding machine. There are 4 holes made in the base plate by using drill bit of 10mm
diameter on drilling machine.
(d) D.C. Motor: A DC Motor of 12 Volt with a Current of 14 Amps is to produce the
movement of the machine. The motor is internal geared one. So it is strong enough to give
the required International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Applied Science
31
(IJSEAS) Volume1, Issue3, June 2015 ISSN: 23953470 torque. It can give two different
speeds in one direction and two different speeds in the opposite direction.
(e) Final finishing work: First power screw jack of 2 ton capacity has fixed on the base plate
using bolt and nut. Power screw jack has connected to one end of first coupling by using nut
bolt. First coupling has connected to one end of universal joint with the help of bolt and nut.
The other end of universal joint connected to second coupling with the help of bolt and nut.
Finally DC motor is connected to other end of second coupling with the help of nut and bolt.
DC motor has connected to main supply through DC power supply.
(f) Testing: After assembly of all components on base plate, the remote controller circuit was
made and tested to lift the car. But the battery capacity is not enough to run the motor. So it
has removed. Test was conducted by using main power supply instead of battery.
Screw Jacks are the ideal product to push, pull, lift, lower and position loads of anything from
a couple of kilograms to hundreds of tonnes. The need has long existed for an improved
portable jack for automotive vehicles. It is highly desirable that a jack become available that
can be operated alternatively from inside the vehicle or from a location of safety off the road
on which the vehicle is located. Such a jack should desirably be light enough and be compact
enough so that it can be stored in an automobile trunk, can be lifted up and carried by most
adults to its position of use, and yet be capable of lifting a wheel of a 4-5 ton vehicle off the
ground. Further, it should be stable and easily controllable by a switch so that jacking can be
done from a position of safety. It should be easily movable either to a position underneath the
axle of the vehicle or some other reinforced support surface designed to be engaged by a jack.
Thus, the product has been developed considering all the above requirements. This particular
design of the motorized screw jack will prove to be beneficial in lifting and lowering of
loads.
32
3.4 Advantages
1. The loaded light vehicles can be easily lifted.
2. Checking and cleaning are easy, because the main parts are screwed.
3. Handling is easy
4. No Manual power required.
5. Easy to Repair.
6. Replacement of parts is easy
3.5 Disadvantages
Cost of the equipment is high when compared to ordinary hand jack.
Care must be taken for the handling the equipment such as proper wiring connection,
battery charging check-up, etc.
3.6 Applications
1. It is useful in auto-garages.
2. This motorized screw jack is used for lifting the vehicles. Thus it can be useful for the
following types of vehicles in future Maruthi, Ambassador, Fiat, Mahindra
33
CHAPTER 4
FABRICATION OF THE MOTORIZED SCREW JACK
(Motorised scissor screw jack)
4.1 PROPOSED DESIGN MODEL OF MOTORIZED SCREW JACK
34
4.2 PROPOSED DESIGN POWER SUPPLY UNIT FOR

MOTOR
35
4.3 PROPOSED DESIGN MOTOR MOUNTING FOR SCREW

LEAD IN JACK
36
4.4 PROPOSED DESIGN MOTOR MOUNTED FINAL

PRODUCT WORKING ON MOTOR AUTOMATICALLY
37
4.5 HARDWARE USED IN PROJECT:

Fabricated Scissor Jack
Mounting Plate
Threaded Screw
Base Plate
Bearing
Coupling
Movable Joints
Steel Plates For Supporting
Welding Electrodes
Motor
Hardwares To Fit
Power Supply
Switch
4.6 TOOLS USED IN PROJECT:

Welding Machine
Screw driver
Spanner
Soldering Rod
Soldering flux
38
ESTIMATION OF THE PROJECT WORK

HARDWARE USED
ESTIMATION COST
FABRICATION OF JACK
1525
MOTOR
900
MOTOR MOUNT CLAMP
400
LOCKER BOLD HOLDER
200
COTTER PIN MOULD
500
BASE PLATE FOR WEIGHT
100
POWER SUPPLY
300
WELDING LABOUR COST
550
LABOUR COST IN LATHE
400
LEAD SCREW CUTTING
750
OTHER EXPENSES
375
TOTAL COST
6000
39
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
Screw Jacks are the ideal product to push, pull, lift, lower and position loads of
anything from a couple of kilograms to hundreds of tonnes. The need has long existed for an
improved portable jack for automotive vehicles. It is highly desirable that a jack become
available that can be operated alternatively from inside the vehicle or from a location of
safety off the road on which the vehicle is located. Such a jack should desirably be light
enough and be compact enough so that it can be stored in an automobile trunk, can be lifted
up and carried by most adults to its position of use, and yet be capable of lifting a wheel of a
4,000-5,000 pound vehicle off the ground. Further, it should be stable and easily controllable
by a switch so that jacking can be done from a position of safety. It should be easily movable
either to a position underneath the axle of the vehicle or some other reinforced support
surface designed to be engaged by a jack. Thus, the product has been developed considering
all the above requirements. This particular design of the motorized screw jack will prove to
be beneficial in lifting and lowering of loads.
40
REFERENCES
http://www.engineersedge.com
http://www.efunda.com
http://www.steeltubeinstitute.org
http://www.emjmetals.com
http://www.usstubular.com
A text book of Machine Design by R.S.Khurmi,J.K.Gupta.
Design of machine elements by V.B.Bhandari.
Design of machine elements by K.Rao.
Design of Machine Elements by Farazdak Haideri.
Machine Design by S.G.Kulkarni.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(device).
http://hubpages.com/hub/Automobile-Jacks.
http://www.radicon.com/screw-jacks.php.
http://www.powerjacks.com/PowerJacks-History-The-Screw-Jack-Story.php
BOOKS REFERRED
1. Machine design by RS KHURMI
2. Work shop technology by RK JAIN
41

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COVER PAGE

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

in partial fulfilment for the award of the diploma of

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

submitted by NAME OF GROUP to the SunRise University Alwar,Rajasthan in partial

Name (Project Guide)

2.2 NEED FOR AUTOMATION

2.3 THE ARMATURE

2.4 THE COMMUTATOR AND BRUSHES

3.2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION

4.2 PROPOSED DESIGN POWER SUPPLY

4.3 PROPOSED DESIGN MOTOR MOUNTING

4.4 PROPOSED DESIGN MOTOR

4.5 HARDWARE USED IN PROJECT

4.6 TOOLS USED IN PROJECT

Scissor Jack Woking

Motorized Screw Jack

Proposed Design Model Of Motorized Screw Jack

Proposed Design Power Supply Unit For Motor

Proposed Design Motor Mounting For

Proposed Design Motor Mounted Final

Fig 1.1: Scissor jack

Fig 1.1.2: Scissor jack

The jack can be operated remotely

Can be used by physically handicap persons to lift car or other things

Can be used in workshop or by personal use

No need of human effort

Jack can controlled both remotely as well as manually

Heavy things can lift easily

Fig 2.1.1: Motorized screw jack

2.2 Need for Automation

the screw eccentrically and form a nut structure, the ball

units being joined

with each other.

the thread. This is a

Operation is being atomized for the following reasons:

To achieve mass production

To reduce man power

To increase the efficiency of the plant

To reduce the work load

To reduce the production cost

To reduce the production time

To reduce the material handling

To reduce the fatigue of workers

To achieve good product quality

Fig 2.1.2: Automation Jack

2.3 The Armature

2.4 The Commutator and brushes

3.2 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION

(IJSEAS) Volume1, Issue3, June 2015 ISSN: 23953470

There is evidence of the use of screws

D.C. motor: An electric motor is a machine which converts electrical energy to

An armature or rotor A commutator Brushes An axle A field magnet A DC power supply of

electronics, Instrumentation, medical and optical

(iii) Remote control: A remote control is a component of an electronics device, most

4.1 PROPOSED DESIGN MODEL OF MOTORIZED SCREW JACK

4.2 PROPOSED DESIGN POWER SUPPLY UNIT FOR

4.3 PROPOSED DESIGN MOTOR MOUNTING FOR SCREW

4.4 PROPOSED DESIGN MOTOR MOUNTED FINAL

4.5 HARDWARE USED IN PROJECT:

Steel Plates For Supporting

4.6 TOOLS USED IN PROJECT:

ESTIMATION OF THE PROJECT WORK

MOTOR MOUNT CLAMP