Modul #11

TE3113
SISTEM KOMUNIKASI 1

TRANSMISI
BASE-BAND
Program Studi S1 Teknik Telekomunikasi
Departemen Teknik Elektro - Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Telkom
Bandung 2007

Review Probabilitas dan Statistik

Gaussian/Normal

Normal Distribution: Completely characterized by mean

() and variance (2)
2

0.8

1
y
pN y
exp
2
2
2

0.7

N1(=0,1)

pN(y)

0.6
0.5

2 > 1

0.4
0.3

N2(=0,2)

0.2
0.1
0
-3

-2

-1

Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

Gaussian: Rapidly Dropping Tail Probability!

P
R

1
P
2
1
R
2

( y )2
exp
dy
2

( y )2
exp
dy
2

Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

Review Probabilitas dan Statistik

Gaussian/Normal

Normal Distribution: Completely

characterized by mean (=0) and
variance (2=1)

pN(y)
0.4

0.35

N(=0,=1)

0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15

Q-function: one-sided tail of normal

pdf

0.1

0.05
0
-4

-3

-2

-1

p(y>z)=

erfc(): two-sided tail.

So:

Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

Standardize the Normal Distribution

Normal
Normal
Distribution
Distribution

X
Z

Standardized
Standardized Normal
Normal
Distribution
Distribution

One table!
Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

Example P(X 8)
Normal
Normal
Distribution
Distribution

X 85
Z

.30

10

Standardized
Standardized Normal
Normal
Distribution
Distribution

.5000
.1179
.1179

.3821

Shaded
Shaded area
area exaggerated
exaggerated

PERTANYAAN ! Luas daerah yang diarsir = 0.3821 = Q(??); ?? = 0.3

Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

Q-function:
Tail of Normal
Distribution
Q(z) = P(Z > z) = 1 P[Z < z]

Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

Tabel
Q-function

Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

Baseband Digital Transmission Link

Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

Sinyal Terima + AWGN

original message
d(t)

received wave
y(t)=d(t)+n(t)

Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

10

AWGN

n(t) = gaussian noise dengan zero-mean

1
v2
pN v
exp
2
2
2

=Modul
standar
deviasi = tegangan effektive noise
11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

11

Gangguan Noise Terhadap Sinyal Digital

3

Signal kirim
Sinyal dengan AWGN

1.5
1

0.5

0
-0.5

-1

-1
-1.5
-2

10

-2

-3

Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7
12

Determining Decision Threshold

H 0 : a k 0, Y A n
pY ( y / H 0 ) p N ( y A)

H 1 : ak 1, Y A n
pY ( y | H 1 ) pN ( y A)
-A

V =Theshold

The comparator implements decision rule:

pe1 P (Y V | H 1 ) pY ( y | H 1 )dy
V

Choose Ho (ak=0) if Y<V

Choose H1 (ak=1) if Y>V

peo P (Y V | H 0 ) V pY ( y | H 0 )dy

Average error error probability:

Pe P0 Pe 0 PP
1 e1

P0 P1 1/ 2 Pe 12 ( Pe 0 Pe1 )

Transmitted 0
but detected as 1

1
y2
exp
Channel noise is Gaussian with the pdf: p N y
2
2
2
Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

13

Error rate and Q-function

P0 P1 1/ 2 Pe 12 ( Pe 0 Pe1 )
V threshold = 0

V =Theshold

-A

pe 0 V pN ( y )dy

pe pe 0

( y A) 2
exp
dy
2

V 0

This can be expressed by using the Q-function

by

A
V

pe 0 V pN ( y )dy pQe Q Q

Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

A2
2

14

Baseband Binary Error Rate

in Terms of Pulse Shape and S/N
setting V=0 yields then

A
A

Q
pe 12 ( pe 0 pe1 ) pe 0 pe1 ppee Q
Q

for polar, rectangular NRZ [-A,A] bits

1
1
Signal power: S A 2 A 2 A2
2
2
Noise power:

A2
2

S
N

2 Eb
N0

Probability of occurrence

Rb
1
N . BW N N 0 .
N0.
2
2Tb
2

Energy Bit to Noise Spectral Density Ratio

Eb
S .Tb
S .Tb

N
N
N0
BW N
Rb

Note that

BW N

Rb
2

S .Tb Rb
S .Tb
1
1 S
.

.
.
N
2
N
2.Tb
2 N

(BW pulse shapping filter)

Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

15

When p0 = p1 =1/2, the value of V that minimizes the probability

of error is V = 0.

pe Q

2 Eb
N0

Modul 11 - Siskom I - Base Band Transmission

S
N

16