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Igneous Rocks
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Igneous Rocks
An igneous rock is formed when magma or
lava cools and solidifies
Molten rock
in the Earth is magma
- Magma is buoyant, rises to surface, & sometimes
breaks through
Magma reaches Earths surface it is called lava
Igneous Rocks
Plutonic rocks
To see them, they must be uplifted to
surface
And softer surrounding rock eroded
away
Plutonic rocks
Volcanic necks
Shallow intrusion formed when magma
solidifies in throat of volcano
Plutonic rocks
Dikes
Tabular intrusive structure that cuts
across any layering in existing rock
Plutonic rocks
Sills
Tabular intrusive structure that parallels
layering in existing rock
Plutonic rocks
Plutons
Large, blob-shaped intrusive body formed
of coarse- grained igneous rock, commonly
granitic
Small plutons are called stocks,
large plutons are called batholiths
Geothermal Gradient
the rate at which temperature increases
with depth in the Earth
*important for the
formation of
igneous rocks
crystallization
5 Types of Textures
1.Phaneritic (coarse-grained)
2.Aphanitic (fine-grained)
3.Glassy (compact and frothy)
4.Vesicular
5. Porphyritic
Texture - Vesicular
Texture - Porphyritic
Worksheet - Homework
Igneous Rock (Texture) Worksheet
Mg - dark
1.Mafic
2.Felsic
3.Intermediate
4.Ultramafic
Special Note
Different minerals crystallize from magma at different
temperatures. (Bowens Reaction Series)
As minerals crystallize from magma the remaining
composition is forever changed.
Therefore, it is possible for more than one igneous
rock to form from the same magma depending on
the cooling environment.
Worksheet - Homework
Igneous Rock (Composition) Worksheet
Kimberlite indicators
formed under high pressure and temperature within
the mantle
Complete STSE
Complete Lab 4 Part 1