l l t f LLl ii L\!

(2

after mod verbs 1

(can musi, etc.).
e.g. Ybu Can go home now.
1

after the verbs lat and mak .

e.g. MY parents let me h,ave a party for my birth
day last month.

Write what Die fallowing words/plilrases

,a re loHowed by: le .. infinitive (l'.1..J or bare
1

infinffillie {8. f'.J.

1 could +
2
3

agree

tel +
4 must+
5 want
16 learn +

They want to spend their life together.

They would ,l ike to have two children.
Thay may buy a car next year.

7 decrde +
9, promise+

The linrfiniHue is the root fonn1of the venb., There are

two kinds of infinli'li v,e :

8.1.
9 .,, ,.

..t

I I

.............
'1

.. "

e.

......... . ... ,

.. 't '"'~ ., .

IO IO

Ii

-t- -111

'4

91 make sb +
10 seem I
11 expect
112 can't +
13 it is nice

14 hope
15 may +
16 adv~se

.. ,.

...... ., .... ,. ...

"t . , 1 ~ 'f 't ""' I

......... . .........
111 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ll

'f 't T..- I 1

I .. I

., .. I

p~ - "19"1'"'"!'1

................ - ....
~

1t&1-C ... . ll

In pairs,1say what rour parents (donftj tel

or (don 'fJ make rou do using Ole prompts

a) the o I n
e.g. 10 siay, fo go
b) the ba lnflnltl which is tihe root torni ot the
verb without to. ,e.g. stay., g,o
1

below.

SA: My parent; don ~, {et me watch 1Y late at nl9ht.

SB: My parent9 make me etudy hiud.

after verbs su:ch ,as ad11ise, agree, decide

expect, hope manage~ offer, promls,e , ,r efuse.,

seem want- etc.

e'. g'. He refused to answer my question.
1

watch TV late at night

tidy my room

study hard

go to parUes at the

invUe rriends ho me
have breakfast every

weekend
wear anything I want

after SOn:)'

+ adj

such as glad

etc.

intfni1ive,, but by a subjec t + ve:r b.

e.g. I don t know how to answer tl1is quesUon.
1

I didn't know why he was cryin'g .

with too and enough..

e.g. It's too cold to go outs,de.
Joe lsn 't old enough to vote'.
to express purpose.
e.g . .I went to the florisfs to buy some flowers.
1

play music loud

climb. help, go. openi buy, posl. stay, take.

wash, ask
1
2

3
4
5
6

e
9
10i

66

Fiii in t he gaps, with one of Ille ve:li)s from

the list in the correct for m.

.after some verlbs suclh as ,know, learn,

remember, ,ask, want to know. elc., when there
is a queslion w,o rd (who~ what wher e how
etc.) after them. ~why' is not foHowed by a n

but

mom~ng

nappy~ nice~

e.g. It Is nice f.o be back home.

Jack will be glad to see you.

I think ~ win .. L?uy.. some flowers for my mother.

em we nt l o the post office ................. soma letters.
Lel me .. ....... ............. ...... you with your homework.
~ want ... .................... a mountain b efore I'm th irty.
We must .................... the car today. ns very dirty.
He 1s too young ........................ in '~he house aJone.
I don't know how .... .. ..................... the windows ij n
this room.
I couldn't ~- .............. on hofiday last sunimer.
Can I ................
you a question ~ please?
They made her .............. the money out of the safe.
1

Fllll n Ille gaps wilhi one of the ve rbs

&om the list in the correct lo1rm of Ille
i nlirn itive"

ba - /.eave - do ~ make - meet - tell

1

I wanl to play
with the ye.flow ball.

2 You mustn't .............

anyor1e
about this.

3 I can ....... .. _...... ~..... . . ..... . ...

my own clothes~

4 I want you ..................

quiet.

5 I don't think the boss

wiH let 1me ....... ........
earli er today.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... 11 . . . . . . . . . . .

I want yo,u lo
draw a pie lure.

=--c'

1 I n~allly dont know

what ... to do ... .

When the subject of the mai n verb and the subiect

of Ule inlilnilive ris the same. then U1e subject of the
inltni1
1ive is omitted.
e.g. I would Ille lo stay here. (The subject ,o f the
main 'verb and the infinitive is 1.)

11

r ..

When the subjecl of the lnfinitirve i s different from

1he subject ot the ma in verb~ lhen fhe su bject of the
infiinitJve is not omitted. The subject of the infinitiive
can be a name (Mla.,k) 1 a noun (the boys) or an
,o bject pronoun (me. you,, lhem et c.) and goes
bef,o re the Infinitive.
1

I'm pleased --- ..... .

.......... ................ you.

lucy

e.g. I would ll#ce

lo slay here.

lhe girts
her

Put the ve11bs In bra,ckels Into tile

correct torm of the infinitive.

Dear Emma,

1 You must he lp me.

I want you to help me.
2 They m ustn ~t leave now. ..................
I don't want ....
3, She must eat her d1111n er.
1

O& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,. " . . . . . . . . . . ._ ...

want .

r.

"'I "'I .

.. . . . . . . .

'

. . . "'I -

"'I ......... .

...... . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . ,. .. ,. .... "' ..

....................... .

" . a ....... " .. ' ..

&. II II . . . . . . . I

t: . . . . . . . . . . . I

............ .

.. .. "' . ..

r ..........

a .. . ...... .. " ..

:I I

II .. <I .

. . . . . ..

(he~p)

m,e with the preparatio n.s, though.?

I w,ould ~ike (5) ......... ..

(decorate) the hous~
with white and p1
ink flowers, but 1'm afraid i won 't
(6) . .. .. . .. .. . ........ (have) t i[ me to do evenJ thing by
myself. five abo decided (7) ... .. ... ..... ...... (make) my
u

........ ,

ii

Iii .. '

.. "

'"' ,. . . . . . . . ,

...........

I ... " ..

I . " ' ,. . . . . . !' ...... -

... .

B Vou must go to bed naiw.

I ~Gtflt

(come). Could r (3) ....................... .... .. (ask) you (4)

... .. .. ..... .. .. ...

t . t .. - .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .., ......... Iii .. "

4 He must visit Aunt Lind a.

I wan t .......
.s You mus1:n,t talk to strangers.
I~ don't want .......
iii.
6 Fiona mustn"t go on holiday by herself.
I d on1t want ......
7 They must do their homework now.
II I'll

Pm wriiting (11) .+to fnvtt;e... Onvite) you 1to my

birthday party next Saturday,
As you know, IJH be sixteen~ so this is going to be a
very special occas.ion for me. I've invited almost aH of my
P,[en.ds and r reafly hope they 'tr all' be ab!e (2) ~ .. .~ ....... .

................. ................ ~ "J .............. ~~ . ~

.. ..........

own. cake and 1 Ucertainly need your '1.elp with thaU

Please wri'te back soon and 1let me (8) ........, ......... .
(kn.ow) Lj you can make lt
1

Best wishes,
Sandra

Match column A wilhi calurnn 8 lo mak

correct sentences.,
1

,, It's only 6 o'clock.

a e:noug h to l,ve atone.

b co1!d to go out
without a coat
c enough to go to
bed now.

It's too'

21 He wasn't tat I
31 I'm not ofd
4,

d enough to reach the

ns too

cupboard.
8 expensive for me to
buy.
f early to go to bed.
g rich enough to buy a

51 The girll wasn 't early

He is loo short lo reach

She's ta,11 enough to

the biscuits.

reach the top shelf.

6 The dress was too

7

yactrit

rm not tired

h enough to catch the

train.
1

Too goes belor adjectives or adver1b s. It has

a negativ,e meanin:g and shows t hat: something
is mo re than enough, more than necessary or
m,ore tha1n 'Wanted.001+ dJect1 /a v rb + to - I n
e.g . Sarah is loo young to go to scho ol. (Swah is

8 w a arent

so young Ula t she can't go to school.)

He speaks too 1qu1"'ckty for me to undersfan d
1

Complete the responses using too or

enough~

1 Can she win the race? (fast) Yes. f1he'6 fa6t er1ou9h,,
2 Can he buy this car? (cheap)
No, "' .....
~
~
3 Can he Near th;s )acket? (sma.U)
ll .. _ .. .. .. ., .. ., "' . . . ,

him. (H'e speaks so quickly lhal I can I under1

stand him.)

NO,

Enough goe,s before nouns but after adjectives,

or adverbs.. rt has a positive meaning and
shows that U1ere Is as 1
m uch of something as is
wanted or needed.

adJacU e/adverb + enough } + to, - infinitive

enough noun
e.g. She's Ola enough fo go out on her own (She
can go out on her own.Ji

"' a- .. + ...

.......... .

l1:.11 .

Ii>' Ii .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.. , , . 1 . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . .

...... .

llil .. ......... , .. r ..

4 Can she carry the ba.gs? (hearvy)

No ~ ,. ...... _..... ...... ................................... ., ................................... .
5, Can he hear the 1
music? (loud)

yes
6

~ . . . . . .... . ...

'

........

ii .. . . . . .

IS._. I

I .. '

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I ' Ill

I!., I

II

Can he touch the ceiling? (short)

N0
ta
t

..

II . . . . .

........

l " I _. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . I .

I ..

I_.

I I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _.<ti . . . . . . I

'

t I"'

IR ewrit:e 1 he sentences using ,too or

enough.

rve got 1enough butter to RJak1e a cake. (I

can make a cake.)

nough ... + to - lnflnttt _ (,p ositive meaning)

e.g. He is stron'g enough lo lift the suitcase.

not no gh .... + to .. in ntuva (negative meaning')

e.g. He Is nol strong enough to llft the suitcase'.
too .... + 10 - ln: nltf
(negative meaning)
e.g. He is too weak to 1:;.n the suitcase.

too ... ror omebody/som till g +to lnfln

(negative meaning)
e.g. Tihe suitcase is too heavy for ,h im to litt.

1 Don't wear a T-sntrL It's cold outside.

U's too c;oJd 0Ut$1de: to wear a r-shlrt.
2 It's very hot today. Lef s go to the beach.
It's ............
111111 ...... .............................
3 we~re not going to the party yet. It's early.
a .. . ... . .......

't"s ...
4

ii

...................... I

II "

I :I I I

I:

r " ..........

,., f't:ll., ........

. . . , . , . , . "'I .. ., ..

111.1

ti

..,'!, ... , ...... ..,, ...

T1his sweate1r is .
'ti ' " ' ""
6 You can wa11
k to school alone. You aren't too young .
"11911

"

You can1"t touch the ceiling. You 're short.

You!re not ...
~
You can buy this sweater. It's cheap.
!l,'T " " . . . . . . I! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,

_J . . . . . .

r .. "' . . . . . .. ... ,j

I ..

Ill! Ii"' ..

ft" . . . . . . . . -o11 "' - "' " ........ ..

You're ..... , ..... """"'""'"' ........., ... ~ . , ,,, ............. ""!" .. ..,,.,,., .,, .. . .. ,.,. .... , ,.,., ...... ..
They can buy a Juxury yacht They're rich.
They re
~
111

,. t t I " , . . . . . . . . . - .. . . .. - . . . . . . . . . . . I I t . . . . . . .

.... .. . . . . . . . . . ill- . . . II . . . . . . . ,, .... '

'

' I '

....

I ..

You can lift this box. It"s light.

This box

t .... p

~ 811 ,...,,.~ ~ I t

f' "' P' e!!ltl

-~<11 ~~~'! ,.,. ~

t ._..,,""

NOTE:
1 We, can use the -Jng form1or the to - iniflnitive
after t he verbs, start. e i , continue- llke, lov ,
prefer and hate~ e.g. He started wrtHng/10 wrlle
his speech last night.
2 We use the to .. infiinltlve and not the -rng form
afler' lhe expressions would love/would like/
would prefer. e.g. I would love, lo have my own
house one day. (NOT: ~ ffNe-haWRg-my- &WA1

~e-dey.)

3 We can use the bare Infinitive or the -'ling form

after the ve1
r bs see"' hear, feel and watc Note
lhe difference in mean1ing1 however'"
a) I saw Peter cross the street (I saw the whole
action - by the time J left~ Peter was on the other
side of the street.)
b) I saw Peter cross;ng the street. (J only saw paJf
of the action - I don ~t know If Peter got lo the
1

other side of the street by the time I left.}

IM atch colu111n A willil1co'l umn1B lo make

carwct sentences.

Mr Scott likes painting.

Pa,l nffng is hjs tavourjte hobby.

The u rn form" is the verb f orm with the, ..ing

suffix.
e.g. Sam lik,es ,l ishing.
1

1 WriUng

as a noun.. e.g. Walldn.g is a good form of exercise.

usually after the verbs II e., lov

nJay, p

to

fri,ends
2 The baby started
3

~etters

5
6
7

dlallk ; h

rer~

e.g. Melen likes watching old films on TV.

after t he verbs
- , begln, op,, flnl h.
e.g. He, started writing his composition an hour
ago.

Running tong
distances
Speaking foreign
languages
llhey went
Eat~ng lots of sugar
Tom d oesnl ~ike

is very Uring.

~s

bad for your teet1h.

c crying when I left Lhe

room.
d skiing 11ast wl nter.
e is one of my hobbies.
f wa5hing the dishes.

g is useful for everyoneT

after preposili'o.ns"
e~g. I'm tired of go;ng to work by bus e,very
morning.

ao...

after the verb go when we t alk ,a bout aetlv1ities~

e.g. We usually go siding at the weekends.

,a fter lhe expressions be busy, ll's no use 1ts no

good. H's (no}' worth wha,t 's the "se of ..,. ?

after verbs such ,a s avoid,. admit. confess, deny,

look forward to'r mind, regret, 1tslc, spend,
sug gest, etc..
e.g. Torry avo.fded answering my question.

1 I would Uke ... t.o

(go) out tonfght
2 He hates ......... ....... ............... ...... .. ...... (play) cards.

fheTe's no poin,t In.

1e .g. Father Is busy repairing the car.

Put the verbs in brackels n1to the

correc.t lnfinifiv,e form or the -Jng form.

3, She is too e>:cited .................................. ..... (sleep) .

4 You must ................. (get up) early in the morning.
5 I regret ................................
(spie rid) so
much money las1 weekerid.
6 They go ................. .. (nun) every Tuesday evening.
7 I saw Helen ......................... .......................~. (wash)
the d shes. It took he 11 only ten minutes.
8 I started . ................... ................. ('earn) French 'l wo
M

..................

y,ears ago.
9 He was very p!eased .................... (see} her again.
1O The dentist advised him .. .. .. .......................... (st.opJ
eating sweets.

69

Put the verbs in brackets into the

correct lnlinllive form or the -Ing torlm .

A.: Let's .. ...................... .. ... .......... (go) to 'the ice-rink

at 1Jh e weekend.
1

B: You know ~ hate ............................... (ice-skate).

A: Burt you\ re only tried it once. Ainyway. you love

....................... (roller-skate)'. Ifs the same tning.

B~ That's different
5 A: Dad, Lucy has started ....-- {have)
me ........................... .
riding lessons. Will you let 1
(go) riding loo?
B: Do you reaHy want .. ... . ... ... . ... . .. .. .. ... . ... . .. . ... (go}?
A: Yes. ~' d ...... ...
(.\o\te) lo . .
B; WeU, l'H talk to your mother and, if she agrees.
l ~m sure we can ................. ,,., ...
(arrange)
some ~essons tor you.
A: Thanks Dad.
A: Did you know that Scott ~s going to ask Laura
.
) h'1m ?
(marry
~.,"' 'II "I
!II
!I
B: ReaHy? How do you know 'that?'
A: I saw them ....................... Oook) at 1
engagemenr
1

L.- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . ....... ... _. ... . . . . ..........

Last weekend~ Toby's parents let him (1) ....go.... (go)

'01the funfair with his friends. When they arrived, they
didn't know which ride 1(2) .............. ............ (try) first, but
someone suggested (3.) .............................. .,.... (start}
with the ghost tran. Everyone agreed that this was a
very good idea. After they had finished (4) ...........,. ......... .
(ride) the ghost tratn. they moved 'O n to ~he other
rides. Toby admitted (5) ....................... (be) afraid on
the iast r0Her-coaster, but he was still happy enough
(6.) ............................ (go) on it three 'limes! He and his
friends wanted (7) rn .. ~try) an of the rides
but they were too exhausted (8) ~ .. ~ (do)
everything n one day. Toby suggested (9) ....................
(come) back the f0Uow1
ing weekend. Then. they aJI
decided (110 ) ............................. (go) home. They aH
~oved {11) ........,.......................... (visil) the funfair and
tihey are looking forward to (12) .................................
(return) this weekend~
u

1 A: Ar,e you busy ... readlrrB (read)?

Si: Yes. but I don't mind ................... ............. (help'
you. What do you want?
A: Do you know the answer to this ques1ion?
B: Yes. l ook _1'111show you how ............ ., .............. ..
(do) it yourself.
2 A: I've decded ........... ... .. ...... {get) a part-Ume job.
B: Really? Wha't kind of job do you want ............... .
...... ' .... .. . . .. . ... . .. (firi d)?
A: Well, II real1ly enjo,y ...................................... (l ook
after) a n1~m a's. so 11 wou~d n't m ~nd ..... ... ............. .
....... .... .. ...... (work) in a pet shop.
3 A: lhe po~ice caught the man who burgled my
ho use last month.
B: Really? How did they manage ............ .. .. ............ .
{catch) h~m?
A : ~ don't know, but he admitted ....... ........ ............. .
{steal) things in our neighbourhood.
B: We U, I'm happy .............
(hear) that
lhe lhi ef was ca ug hl.
1

.. ..

111! "'

11

'I,.

' '!

fl

r'"' r

'I"!' !Ill 9

11 .. 'I 'J "I

1!1 !!I

'I

t"' .. "I "I I 'I t I !

"'.,

rings in a jiewe Uery shop.

B~ Oh. that's interesting.
7 A: Are you ~1ookmng1 forward to ......................... (go)
on hoJlday?
B: Yes. I'm busy .. ..... ........ .. .......... (p tan) my week.
A: I suggest ............................. (v~sit) the m useums
and art galleries. They 're f asd natin g.
B~ Thats a good idea. Actually, ~wanted .............. .
.. . .. .. ... . ... . ... ... . .. . (ask) you what lhe town is Hke
before I decide what uuu.. (do).

Sl udy lhese examples. The second sentence

has a similar meaning to the first sentence.

Put the verbs in brackels into the

cor-,,ecl Infinitive tor,m 1
o r the -Jn"g torm.

.........

1 Jerry was so short that he couldn't reach the lop shelf.

too
Jerry was too short to teach the top sh elf.
2 Fiona is too young to Q0 out at night
0 ld
Fiona isn't 0td enough to 90 out at night.
3 Drivi ng fast is dangerous.
driive It ts dangerous to drtve fast
1

Complet e each sentence w lb, twa to

Owe word's lin cluding the ward in bold.
1

1 Alec is too short lo be a basketball pla.ye .

tall
Alec isn't .. taU enoueh to be.. a basketball
1

player.
2 Exercising regularly is good for you.
exerc ise ll is good ....... ... .... .......... .. .. . .. .... re-gu Iar'Y.
3 Mary was, so late that she didn't catch U1e bus.
too
Mary was ..................................... the bus.
4 This book is too boring for me to read.
enough1 This book msn't .................................. read.