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LEVELED BOOK Z
Energy Sources:
The Pros and Cons
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Correlation
LEVEL Z
Photo Credits:
Front cover, back cover, title page, pages 6, 8 (all), 9, 12 (top), 17, 18, 20, 22:
Jupiterimages Corporation; page 3: Roman Snytsar/Dreamstime.com; page
4: Monty Rakusen/Digital Vision/Getty Images; page 11: Dreamstime.com;
page 12 (bottom): iStockphoto.com/Tim Pleasant; page 13: iStockphoto.com
/Sandra vom Stein; page 14: Nick Rains/Corbis; page 15: Paul Almasy/
Corbis; page 16: iStockphoto.com/ Richard Schmidt-Zuper; page 19 (main):
David R. Frazier/Photo Researchers, Inc.; page 19 (inset): Ingram Publishing/
SuperStock
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Nuclear Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Solar Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Hydroelectric Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fossil Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Table of Contents
The energy
used by the
United States
and other
modern
societies comes
from many
Machines in this car factory need energy
sources. Much
to build cars.
of it comes from
the burning of fuels, such as coal and gasoline.
Other energy comes from the power of flowing
water, from the light of the Sun, the wind, or from
the splitting of atoms.
Exports
Imports
Production
Consumption
Quadrillion BTU
About 85
percent of energy
used each year in
the United States
comes from fossil
fuels. Coal is
burned in many
power plants to
produce electricity.
Fuels made from
oilsuch as
gasoline, diesel
fuel, and jet fuel
power our cars,
trucks, and
airplanes. Most
homes use natural
Gasoline is a common fossil fuel.
gas to provide
power for stoves and water heaters.
Fossil Fuels
A pump
jack is
used for
extracting
petroleum
from an
oil well.
A close-up
of coal
Another
problem is
Pollutants rise into the atmosphere.
called the
greenhouse effect. Gases released from burning
fossil fuels trap more heat in Earths atmosphere
than would be trapped naturally. This heating up
of Earths atmosphere is called global warming.
Scientists think carbon dioxide contributes most
to worsening the greenhouse effect, so even
natural gas adds to the problem.
10
Hydroelectric Power
turbine
penstock
reservoir
11
generator
dam
power lines
Generators
inside a dam
12
13
14
A solar panel is
used to provide
energy to this
phone booth.
Solar Energy
15
This solar water heater is one of many used to heat water for the
town of Mjannes-le-Clap, France.
16
17
18
Nuclear Power
19
20
40
80
120
160
North,
Central,
and South
America
126
143
Europe
51
86
45
Eurasia
67
Production
21
Middle
East
62
14
Africa
32
Consumption
Asia and
Oceania
105
138
Nuclear
Renewables
(wind, solar, etc.)
Projections
21
Using current rates as a guide, this chart shows the growth in the
worlds energy use between now and the year 2030. Experts
project that oil will not be available in the decades to come.
What does this chart and information tell you about energy use
in the future?
Natural Gas
Coal
Oil
History
Three regions of the world use more energy than they create.
Why do you think that is the case? Where do these regions find
their extra energy sources?
Quadrillion BTU
Quadrillion BTU
22
Geothermal plant
10.8
10.6
10.3
Norway
Australia
Mexico
18.6
20
24.2
40
Quadrillion BTU
30
50
51.7
56.0
60
70
70.4
80
23
10
11.1
India
12.1
Iran
Canada
Saudi
Arabia
Russia
China
United
States
hydroelectric (adj.)
pollutants (n.)
sediment (n.)
turbines (n.)
24
carbon dioxide, 8, 9
coal, 4, 69, 18, 19, 21
dams, 1013, 20
floods, 12, 13
fossil fuels, 69, 23
gasoline, 4, 6, 8
geothermal, 22
global warming, 9, 19
hydroelectric, 1012, 17
kerogen, 7
global
warming (n.)
natural gas, 6, 8, 9, 21
nuclear (atomic), 18, 19, 21
oil, 69, 20, 21
pollution, 9, 22
solar, 1417, 20
steam, 18, 19
Sun, 4, 1417
uranium, 18, 19
water, 4, 6, 1013, 15, 18, 22
wind, 2022
Index
energy (n.)
Glossary