Concrete Shell Element

WORKSHOP ON
ING-IABSE
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE ROAD

BRIDGES IRC:112
WORKSHOP ON CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES IRC:112 2011, ORGANISED BY ING-IABSE, 11-12 JULY 2014, KOLKATA
Session -2
CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS
Umesh Rajeshirke
Managing Director
SPECTRUM Techno Consultants Pvt Ltd, Navi Mumbai
Mr. Umesh Rajeshirke has completed his BE Civil form VJTI (Univ. of
Bombay) and M.S. from IIT, Madras. He has over 27 years of
experience in planning & designing of long span bridges, precast
segmental & cable stayed bridges. He has also involved in design of
number Nuclear Containments, tall chimneys, Natural Draught Cooling
Towers and maritime structures. Actively involved in various code
committees

ING-IABSE
Method for design of shell element

is given in annexure B1 of the
code.
This method is generally used

when the analysis is performed
using finite element method for
structures like fish belly or curved
box girders.
Verification at ULS is to be
performed adopting the sandwich
model for shell elements
Force Resultants of Shell Element.
Out-of-plane moments and twisting moments are converted into stress

resultants acting planes of the top and bottom layers.
The core/middle layer is designed to carry the out of plane shear force.

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The method is broadly described in following three steps:

1.
Carry out FEM analysis (generally elastic, linear) of structure with

geometry assumed initially, for all applicable loads and load
combinations and get the results (i.e. nEdx, nEdy, nEdxy, mEdx, mEdy, mEdxy,
vEdx, vEdy, and principal stresses s1, s2, s3) at required locations.
2.
Find out whether the element is cracked or not, using Eqn. B-1-1 of
the code. If the element is un-cracked, the only verification required is
to check that minimum principal stress, s3 (i.e. maximum compressive
stress) does not exceed the design compressive strength, fcd.
3.
If the element is cracked, follow the method using sandwich model to

find out the required reinforcement.

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Check for cracking

Where

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Calculation of reinforcement using sandwich model:

Steps involved in this method are given below:
1. Split the shell element in three layers as shown in figure below:
Two outer layers resist the

membrane actions arising from nEdx,
nEdy, nEdxy, mEdx, mEdy, mEdxy,
Inner layer carries the shear forces

vEdx, vEdy.
The thickness of the different layers

should be established by means of
an iterative procedure
The Sandwich Model

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2. Design of outer layers for membrane action:
Determine the forces in outer layers of sandwich model using

equation B1-13 to B1-20 of the code or by using simplified approach
in section B1-13 & 14.
Basically, the membrane forces, nEdx, nEdy, nEdxy are divided between
the two layers and the bending moments, mEdx, mEdy, mEdxy are
converted into ( +- m/z ) forces in top and bottom layers.
These forces are depicted here in figures on next slide

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2. Design of outer layers for membrane action (Cont)
Axial Forces & Bending

Moments in Outer layers
Membrane Shear forces and

Twisting Bending Moments in
the Outer Layers

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2. Design of outer layers for membrane action (Cont )
Design the outer layers as membrane element using method

given in section 9 of the code.
If it is not possible to satisfy the design rules given in section 9,

then as suggested in clause B1.15 of the code, either
increase the concrete cover and consequently reduce the

internal lever arm or
use different values for lever arms, zn and zt with zn > zt ;
internal concrete stresses should then be added vectorially
or
Increase the layer thickness to satisfy the concrete

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3. Design of inner layer for out of plane shear:

Out of plane shear forces vEdx and vEdy are applied to the inner layer with the laver arm
zc , determined with reference to the centroid of the appropriate layers of
reinforcement
For the design of the inner layer the principal shear vEdo and its direction o should
be evaluated as follows:
In the direction of principal shear the shell element behaves like a beam and the
appropriate design rules should therefore be applied. In particular clause 6.2.2 of
the code should be applied for members not requiring shear reinforcement and
clause 6.2.3 should be applied for members requiring shear reinforcement. In
expression 6.2a, 1 should be taken as

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When shear reinforcement is necessary, the longitudinal force resulting from the
truss model vEdo cotq gives rise to the following membrane forces in x and y
directions and shall be added to the forces obtained in outer layers:

ING-IABSE
Worked Examples:

ING-IABSE

ING-IABSE

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ING-IABSE
ICI Workshop, New Delhi, May

2013

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ING-IABSE

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, Reinforcement provided in Y-dirn is sufficient.

ING-IABSE

ING-IABSE

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* fcd = 0.541 * 13.4 = 7.262

MPa

ING-IABSE
Thank you

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WORKSHOP ON

CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONCRETE ROAD

SPECTRUM Techno Consultants Pvt Ltd, Navi Mumbai

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

Method for design of shell element

This method is generally used

Force Resultants of Shell Element.

Out-of-plane moments and twisting moments are converted into stress

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

The method is broadly described in following three steps:

Carry out FEM analysis (generally elastic, linear) of structure with

If the element is cracked, follow the method using sandwich model to

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

Check for cracking

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

Calculation of reinforcement using sandwich model:

Two outer layers resist the

Inner layer carries the shear forces

The thickness of the different layers

The Sandwich Model

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

2. Design of outer layers for membrane action:

Determine the forces in outer layers of sandwich model using

These forces are depicted here in figures on next slide

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

2. Design of outer layers for membrane action (Cont)

Axial Forces & Bending

Membrane Shear forces and

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

2. Design of outer layers for membrane action (Cont )

Design the outer layers as membrane element using method

If it is not possible to satisfy the design rules given in section 9,

increase the concrete cover and consequently reduce the

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

3. Design of inner layer for out of plane shear:

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

ICI Workshop, New Delhi, May

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

, Reinforcement provided in Y-dirn is sufficient.

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

* fcd = 0.541 * 13.4 = 7.262

CONCRETE SHELL ELEMENTS

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