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N=R*fp*ne*fl*fi*fc*L
N=Number of total species which could be sufficiently advanced to
communicate with us.
R=Average rate of star formation.
fp=Fraction of those stars which have planets orbiting them.
ne=Number of planets that can (potentially) support life, per star
that has planets (average number).
fL=fraction of planets that actually develop life.
fi=Fraction of planets that develop life that develop intelligent
life.
fc=The fraction of communicative planets.
L=Length of time required for them to do so.