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    This lab report is about action potential and the electric activity in the normal cell membrane environment, environments modify by various toxins, and action potentials observed in human reflexes. In response to a stimulus, the excitable cell membrane of a neuron cell goes from a resting state to depolarization, followed by repolarization to that resting state again.

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    This lab report is about action potential and the electric activity in the normal cell membrane environment, environments modify by various toxins, and action potentials observed in human reflexes. In response to a stimulus, the excitable cell membrane of a neuron cell goes from a resting state to depolarization, followed by repolarization to that resting state again.

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    10 views4 pages

    Nervoussystemlabreport

    Uploaded by

    api-296594827
    This lab report is about action potential and the electric activity in the normal cell membrane environment, environments modify by various toxins, and action potentials observed in human reflexes. In response to a stimulus, the excitable cell membrane of a neuron cell goes from a resting state to depolarization, followed by repolarization to that resting state again.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    KarlaLuna

    Anatomy&Physiology
    January6,2016
    NervousSystemLabReport
    (paragraph)
    Thislabreportisaboutactionpotentialandtheelectricactivityinthenormalcellmembrane
    environment,environmentsmodifybyvarioustoxins,andactionpotentialsobservedinhuman
    reflexes.Inresponsetoastimulus,theexcitablecellmembraneofaneuroncellgoesfroma
    restingstatetodepolarization,followedbyrepolarizationtothatrestingstateagain.
    Depolarizationoccurswithinanervesodiumionsenterthecellandraisethechargefroma
    negativetoapositivelevelreversingthestateoftherestingpotential.
    Repolarizationoccurswhenthemembraneofaneuronbecomesmorepermeable,whichallows
    potassiumionstodiffuseoutoftheneuroncausingthemembranetoreturntotherestingstate.
    Afterrepolarization,theperiodwhentheaxonscantbestimulatedtogenerateanewaction
    potentialiscalledtherefractoryperiodwhichlimitsimpulsestoanaverageof100persecond.
    Thefollowingfigureswilladdressnervoussystemactionpotentialstudies.

    Figure1:Thischartshowstheactionpotentialandallthedifferentreactionstotheamountsof
    voltage.


    BlueRingedOctopus

    Latrotoxin(enhancesacetylcholinerelease)

    Krait

    Bungarotoxin(blocksacetylcholine)

    BlueRingedOctopus

    Maculotoxin(blockssodiumchannels)

    Scorpion

    Charybdotoxin(blockspotassiumreceptors)

    ConeSnail

    Conotoxin(blockssensitivecalcium
    channels,AChreceptors,andsodium
    channels

    Pufferfish

    Tetrodotoxin(blockssodiumchannels)

    Bee

    Apamin(blockspotassiumchannels)

    Figure2:Thechartabovedemonstrateseachtoxinandwhattheeffectsofthetoxinsare.It
    describeshowthetoxinsreacttobodywheninfected.

    Cranialnerve

    Type

    Function

    trochlear

    primarilymotor

    motorfibersconduct
    impulsestothemuscles,
    sensoryconductsimpulses
    associatedwith
    proprioceptors

    optic

    sensory

    sensoryfibersconduct
    impulsesassociatedwiththe
    senseofvision

    trigemina

    mixed

    sensoryfibersconduct
    impulsesfromsurfacesofthe
    eyes,tearglands,scalp,
    forehead,anduppereyelid

    olfactorybulb

    sensory

    sensoryfibersconduct
    impulsesassociatedwiththe
    senseofsmell

    facil

    primarilymotor

    sensoryfibersconduct
    impulsesassociatedwith

    taste

    vestibulocochlear

    mixed

    helpswithhearing,balance,
    andtransferringinfofromthe
    insideoftheeartothebrain.

    abducens

    sensory

    conductsimpulsesfromthe
    larynx,esophagus,pharynx,
    andthethoraxofthe
    abdomen

    vagus

    primarilymotor

    conductsimpulsesto
    musclesthatmovethe
    tongue

    hypoglossal

    mixed

    conductsimpulsesfromthe
    pharynx,aswellasfromthe
    tonsils

    glossopharyngeal

    primarilymotor

    receivesgeneralsomatic
    sensoryfibers

    accessory

    mixed

    providesmotorinnervation
    fromthecentralnervous
    systemtotwomusclesofthe
    neck:the
    sternocleidomastoidmuscle
    andthetrapeziusmuscle

    oculomotor

    primarymotor

    motorfibersconductthe
    impulseofmusclesthatraise
    theeyelidsandmovethe
    eyes.Thesensoryfibers
    conductimpulsesassociated
    withproprioceptors


    Figure4:Belowisthedrawingoftheactionpotentialflowfromthestarttotheend.Itprovides
    eachtitleofeachofitsactionsandshowshowtheactionpotentialworks.

    Inthereflexlab,wetestedthedifferentpartsofourbodies,andourdifferentmuscles.For
    exampleourleftandrightbicep,tricep,brachioradialis,achilles,crossedextensors,patellars,
    glabellars,andbabinski's.Whenwehitourbodyparttoseethereactionoccur,wewouldhave
    tofindthecorrectspotanditwouldreacttothecontact.

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