FundamentalRights

Q.Whatdoyouunderstandbyfundamentalright?Whatfundamentalrightsyouconsiderthemost
important?(1998/A)
1.Introduction:
Fundamentalrightsarethebasicrightsofthecitizens.intheconstitutionof1973thelistoffundamental
righthasbeengivenandithasalsobeenclarifiedthatanylawrepugnanttothesefundamentalrights
willbecondierednullandvoid.everydemocraticstaterecognizesthefundamentalrightsofitscitizens.

2.Relevantprovisions
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3.Objectiveresolutionaspartoftheconstitution:
Theprinciplesandprovisionssetoutintheobjectivesresolution,objectivesresolutionaresubstantive
partofthepresentconstitutionofIslamicrepublicofPakistan.thescopeoftheconstitutionallawin
Pakistancanonlybedeterminedbyobjectiveresolution.theobjectivereasolutioniscalledmagnacart
ofthepresentconstitution.

4.FundamentalRightintheconstitution1973:
Followingaretheimportantfundamentalrightinaccordancewiththeconstitution.

(i)Securityofperson:
Accordingtotheconstitutionnopersonshallbedeprivedoflifeofliberty.

(ii)Prohibitionofslaveryandforcedlabour:
Slaveryisforbiddenandallfromofforcedlabourareprohibited.

(iii)Protectionagainstretrospectivepunishment:
Undertheconstitutionnolaw,shallauthorizethepunishmentofapersonforanactoromissionthat
wasnotpunishablebylawatthetimeofactoromission.

(iv)Safeguardsincaseofarrestanddetention:
EverypersonwhoisarrestedanddetainedincustodyshallbeproducedbeforeaMagistratewithina
periodoftwentyfourhoursofhisarrest.

(v)Protectionagainstdoublepunisnmentandselfincrimination:
NopersonShallbeprosecutedorpunishedforthesameoffencemorethanonceorshallbecompelled

togivewithnessagainsthimself.

(vi)Freedomofmovement:
Every citizenofPakistanshallhavethefreedomofmovementthroughPakistan.

(vii)FreedomofAssociation:
EverycitizeninPakistanhasrighttoformassociationsorunionsprovidedthatsuchstepsaretakenwith
inthelimits.

(viii)FreedomofAssembly:
Everycitizenshallhavefreedomtoassemblepeacefullyandwithoutarms,subjecttoanyreasonable
restitutionimposedbylawininterestofpublicorder.

(ix)Freedomoftrade,businessandprofession:
EverycitizenofPakistanshallhaverighttoenteruponanylawfulprofessionoroccupationorconduct
anylawfulbusiness.

(x)FreedomofSpeech:
EverycitizenofPakistanshallhavefreedomofspeechaswellasexpression.freedomofspeechand
expressionisthemajorfundamentalrightofthepeopleofPakistan.

(xi)FreedomofReligion:
EverycitizenofPakistanshallhaverighttoprofess,practiseandpropagatehisreligion.

(xii)Safeguardagainstreligioustaxes:
Nopersonshallbecompelledtopayanyspecialtaxforthesupportofpropagandaofthereligionother
thanhisown.

(xiii)InviolabillityofdignityofMan:
Thedignityofmanandsubjecttolawtheprivacyofhome,shallbeinviolable.

(xiv)Politicalfreedom:
EverycitizenofPakistannotbeingintheserviceofPakistanshallhaverighttofromorbememberofa
politicalparty.

(xv)SafeguardsastheeducationalinstitutioninrespectofReligion:
Everyreligiouscommunitywillbefreetoeducateitspupilsinitsownreligion.everyreligioussecthas
righttoestablishitsowneducationalinstitutions.

(xvi)Equalityofcitizen:
Allcitizensareequalbeforelawandareentitledtoequalprotectionoflaw.thereisnodiscriminationon
thebasisofrace,religion,casteandsex.

(xvii)Freedomtoacquireproperty:
Everycitizenhasrighttoacquire,holdanddisposeofproperty.
(xviii)Protectionofpropertyrights:
TheconstitutionofPakistan1973,providessafeguardstopropertyrights.nopersonwillbedeprivedof
hispropertysaveinaccordancewithlaw.

(xix)Rightaccesstopublicplaces:
EverycitizenofPakistanhastoaccesstopublicplaces.

(xx)Righttojob:
RighttojobisthefundamentalrightofthecitizenofPakistan.

(xxi)Rightoflanguageandculture:
UndertheconstitutionnationallanguageofPakistanisUrdubutanysectionofcitizenhavingdistinct
languagescriptorcultureshallhavetherighttopreserveandpromotethesameandestablish
institutionforthepurpose.

5.Natrueoffundamentalrights:
Thefundamentalrightsarenotabsoute.althoughthefundamentalrightsaregivenbytheconstitution
butitisdoesnotmeanuncontrolledliberty.

6.Canfundamentalrightsbesuspended:
Whenstateitselfisindangerthefundamentalrightcanbesuspendedbecausefundamentalrightshave
norealmeaning.ifthestateitselfisindanger.

7.Differncebetweenfundamentalrightsandordinaryrights:
(i)Astoasource:
Fundamentalrightsareavailableundertheconstitution.
ordinaryrightsaregrantedbytheordinarylaw.

(ii)Astoscope:

Scopeoffundamentalrightsiswider.
ordinaryrightshavelessscope.

(iii)Astoenforceability:
Fundamentalrightsareenforceableevenagainstthegovernment.
Ordinaryorrightsarenotenforceableagainstthegovt.

8.Remediesfortheenformentoffundamenralright:
Constitutionremedyhasbeenprovidedfortheenforcementoffundamentalrights.thesesrightsare
enforceablebythehighcourtandsupremecourtofPakistan.

9.Conclusion:
Toconcludeicansaythatfundamentalrightsarepartandparcelofthetheconstitutionallaw.therecan
benodemocarticconstitutionwithoutit.intheconstitutionof1973fundamentalrightshavebeen
given.thefundamentalrightssafeguardthelibertyandrightsofthepeople.thefundamentalrightscan
notbesuspendedwithoutapplyingconstitutionalmethods.