Microbiology (Textbook Ch

11)
ES: Summarize the basic
characteristics of viruses, bacteria,
fungi and parasites relating to the
spread, treatment and prevention of
disease.
(Be able to compare and contract the
structures, size and type of cell; how
they move; obtain food; and list
some examples)

Microbiology:
the study of organisms that are too
small to study without a microscope.
Viruses
Bacteria
Protozoa
Some Fungi
Some Algae

Remember:
Unicellular vs. Multicellular

Unicellular An organism
made of only one cell.
Multicellular An organism
made of more than one cell.

Remember:
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote

PRO = NO nucleus
EU = YES nucleus

Autotroph vs. Heterotroph

Autotroph An organism that
makes its own food.
Heterotroph An organism
that eats other organisms.

What is a parasite ?
Parasite: an organism that
derives nourishment or habitat
from the tissues or fluids of
another organism. Viruses are
parasites that affect living cells

 Protozoans Animal-like single celled

organisms (Kingdom Protista)
Eukaryotes
Unicellular
Heterotroph
Able to move from place to place
Examples: Amoeba, Paramecium, and
Protozoan Parasites

Paramecium
Moves with
Cilia Hairlike projections from the
cell that move with a wavelike
motion in order to help the protozoan
move.

Amoeba
Moves with
Pseudopods Means false foot and
is a temporary bulge out of the cell
that allows the protozoan to move.

What is a virus?
Virus: a particle consisting of DNA
encased in a protein coat that must
inject its DNA into a living cell in order to
reproduce. Viruses are considered to be
nonliving.
Not cells, smaller than cells.
Do not use their own energy to grow

Parts of a Virus
A Virus has 2 Parts:
Protein Coat that protects the virus
Inner Core made of Genetic Material
Lock-and-Key Action
The protein coats shape has to fit into specific
proteins on the hosts cells.
Example: The Cold Virus only infect cells in
the nose and throat.

Sizes of Viruses

Virus Shapes
Common shapes: Rods, Bricks, Threads,
Bullets, and robot-like
Bacteriophage: virus that infects bacteria
(has a more complex shape)

How do Viruses Multiply?

Once a virus fits into the host cell, the
genetic material inside the virus takes over
the host cell 2 possible ways they then
reproduce.
Active Viruses Virus DNA takes over cell
operation
rapidly replicates only virus DNA and protein to
make new virus particles

Hidden Viruses DNA joins with cells DNA

When the cell multiplies, then the genetic material
of the virus also multiplies.

Bacteria
Bacteria: single celled organisms that
lack a nucleus.
Some make their own food
(chemosynthesis) and some are
decomposer.

What terms can you use to describe

them?

Bacteria
Most are surrounded by a cell wall
Contain a cell membrane, cytoplasm,
and ribosomes

Shapes

3 basic shapes:
Spherical
Rodlike
Spiral

Chemical makeup
determines the
shape
Usually have 1 or
more flagella

Bacteria moves with

Flagellum - a long whiplike
structure that helps a cell to
move
Functions like a propeller and spins in
place
Can have one, none, or many

Sizes
Vary in size
Largest is about as big as the period at
the end of a sentence
Average is much smaller
Ex. Strep throat bacteria are about 0.5 to 1
micrometer (micrometer is about 1 millionth
of a meter)

Bacteria Growth
Bacteria needs food, water
and warm temperatures.
Under these conditions,
Bacteria will multiple very, very
quickly!

If you start with 1 bacteria that will

divide after 20 minutes.
How many do you have after 20 minutes?
How many in 40 minutes?
How many in 1 hr (60 minutes)?
Keep going How many at the end of a
school day (7hrs)?

Fungus:

Eukaryote
Multicellular
Heterotroph
Needs a warm, moist
environment

Structure of a Fungus
Fungi are made up of Hyphae,
branching threadlike tubes.

How do Fungi eat?

1. Uses the hyphae to grow into
their food
2. Oozes digestive chemicals into the
food
3. Chemicals break down the food so
it can be absorbed by the fungus.

Fungi

Amoeba Movement

Paramecium Movement

Shapes of Viruses

Smallpox example of brick

Shapes of Viruses

Ebola example of thread

Shapes of Viruses