66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV

Systemprogrammingandcompilerdesignlaboratory
SubjectCode:06CSL68I.A.Marks:25
Hours/Week:03ExamHours:03
TotalHours:42ExamMarks:50
PARTA
LEXandYACCPrograms:
ExecutethefollowingprogramsusingLEX:
1)a.Programtocountthenumberofcharacters,words,spacesandlinesin
agiveninputfile.
b.ProgramtocountthenumbersofcommentlinesinagivenCprogram.
Alsoeliminatethemandcopytheresultingprogramintoseparatefile.
2)a.Programtorecognizeavalidarithmeticexpressionandtorecognizethe
identifiersandoperatorspresent.Printthemseparately.
b.Programtorecognizewhetheragivensentenceissimpleor
compound.
3)Programtorecognizeandcountthenumberofidentifiersinagiven
inputfile.
ExecutethefollowingprogramsusingYACC:
4)a.Programtorecognizeavalidarithmeticexpressionthatuses
operators+,,*
and/.
b.Programtorecognizeavalidvariable,whichstartswithaletter,
followedbyanynumberoflettersordigits.
5)a.Programtoevaluateanarithmeticexpressioninvolvingoperators+,
,*and/.
b.Programtorecognizestringsaaab,abbb,abandausingthe
grammar
(an
bn
,n>=0).
6)Programtorecognizethegrammar(a
n
b,n>=10).

PARTB
UnixProgramming:
1.a)Nonrecursiveshellscriptthatacceptsanynumberofarguments
andprints
themintheReverseorder,(Forexample,ifthescriptisnamedrargs,
thenexecutingrargsABCshouldproduceCBAonthestandard
output).
b)Cprogramthatcreatesachildprocesstoreadcommandsfromthe
standardinputandexecutethem(aminimalimplementationofa
shelllikeprogram).Youcanassumethatnoargumentswillbe
passedtothecommandstobeexecuted.
2.a)Shellscriptthatacceptstwofilenamesasarguments,checksifthe
permissionsforthesefilesareidenticalandifthepermissionsare
identical,outputsthecommonpermissions,otherwiseoutputseachfile
namefollowedbyitspermissions.
b)Cprogramtocreateafilewith16bytesofarbitrarydatafromthe
beginning
andanother16bytesofarbitrarydatafromanoffsetof48.Display
thefilecontentstodemonstratehowtheholeinfileishandled.
3.a)Shellfunctionthattakesavaliddirectorynamesasanargumentand
recursively
descendsallthesubdirectories,findsthemaximumlengthofanyfilein
thathierarchyandwritesthismaximumvaluetothestandardoutput.
b)Cprogramthatacceptsvalidfilenamesascommandlinearguments
andfor
eachofthearguments,printsthetypeofthefile(Regularfile,
Directoryfile,Characterspecialfile,Blockspecialfile,Symbolic
linketc.)
4.a)Shellscriptthatacceptsfilenamesspecifiedasargumentsand
createsashell
scriptthatcontainsthisfileaswellasthecodetorecreatethesefiles.
Thusifthescriptgeneratedbyyourscriptisexecuted,itwould
recreatetheoriginalfiles(Thisissameasthebundlescriptdescribed
byBrainW.KernighanandRobPikeinTheUnixProgramming
Environment,PrenticeHallIndia).
b)Cprogramtodothefollowing:Usingfork()createachildprocess.

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
Thechildprocessprintsitsownprocessidandidofitsparentandthenexits.
Theparentprocesswaitsforitschildtofinish(byexecutingthewait(
))andprintsitsownprocessidandtheidofitschildprocessand
thenexits.
CompilerDesign:
5.WriteaCprogramtoimplementthesyntaxdirecteddefinitionofifE
thenS1andifEthenS1elseS2.(ReferFig.8.23inthetextbook
prescribedfor06CS62CompilerDesign,AlfredVAho,RaviSethi,
JeffreyDUllman:CompilersPrinciples,TechniquesandTools,
AddisonWesley,2007.)
6.Writeayaccprogramthatacceptsaregularexpressionasinputand
produceitsparsetreeasoutput.

Instructions:
Intheexamination,acombinationofoneLEXandoneYACCproblem
hastobeaskedfromPartAforatotalof25marksandoneprogramming
exercisefromPartBhastobeaskedforatotalof25marks.

PartA(LEXandYACC)

1a.Countcharacters,linesandwords
%{
ints=0,w=0,l=1,c=0
%}
%%
[\n]*{l+=yyleng}
[\t]*{s+=yyleng}
[^\n\t]*[\t]{w++c+=yyleng1s++}
[^\n\t]*[]{w++c+=yyleng1s++}
[^\n\t]*[\n]{w++c+=yyleng1l++}
[^\n\t]*{w++c+=yyleng}
%%
main(intargc,char**argv)
{
if(argc!=2)
{
printf("\nIncorrectusage!!\n")
return1
}
yyin=fopen(*(argv+1),"r")
if(!yyin)
{
printf("\nCannotopenthefile!\n")
return1
}
yylex()
printf("\nChar=%d\nSpaces=%d\nWords=%d\nLines=%d\n",c,s,w,l)
}

1b.CommentLines
%{
intcom=0
%}
%%
\/\*[^*]*\*(\*|([^*/][^*]*\*))*\/com++
\/\/[^\n]*[\n]com++
%fprintf(yyout,"%%")
.|[\n]fprintf(yyout,yytext)
%%
main(intargc,char**argv)
{
if(argc!=3)
{
printf("\nArgumentspassedinwrongmanner\n")
return1
}

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
yyin=fopen(*(argv+1),"r")
yyout=fopen(*(argv+2),"w")
if(!(yyin&&yyout))
{
printf("\nSpecifiedfilecannotbeopened!")
return1
}
yylex()
printf("\nTotlanumberofcommentlines=%d\n",com)
}

2a.Validarithmeticexpression
%{
#include<string.h>
intvalid,i,j,k,temp,temp1,top=1,num[40]
chararr[40][10],st[80],op[40]
%}
%%
[azAZ][azAZ09]*{
strcpy(arr[j++],yytext)
if(st[top1]=='i')
valid=1
elseif(st[top1]=='o')
st[top1]='i'
else
st[top++]='i'
}
[09]+{
num[k++]=atoi(yytext)
if(st[top1]=='i')
valid=1
elseif(st[top1]=='o')
st[top1]='i'
else
st[top++]='i'
}
[\+/*%^&|]{
op[temp++]=yytext[0]
if(st[top1]=='i')
st[top1]='o'
else
valid=1
}
"("{
if(st[top1]=='('||st[top1]=='$'||st[top1]=='o')
st[top++]='('
else
valid=1
}
")"{
if(st[top1]=='(')
top
elseif(st[top1]=='i'&&st[top2]=='(')
{
top=2
if(st[top1]=='o')
st[top1]='i'
elseif(st[top1]=='i')
valid=1
else
st[top++]='i'
}
else
valid=1
}
.valid=1
\nreturn
%%
check()
{
if(!(temp|k|j))
return0
if(valid)
return0
if(top==2&&st[top1]=='i')

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
top
if(top==1&&st[top1]=='$')
top
if(top==0)
return1
return0
}
main()
{
st[top1]='$'
printf("\nEntertheexpression\n")
yylex()
if(check())
{
printf("\nValidexpression!\n")
if(j>0)
printf("\nIdentifierspresentare")
for(i=0i<ji++)
printf("\n%s",arr[i])
if(k>0)
printf("\nNumbersusedare")
for(i=0i<ki++)
printf("\n%d",num[i])
if(temp>0)
printf("\nOperatorspresentare")
for(i=0i<tempi++)
printf("\n%c",op[i])
}
else
printf("\nInvalidexpression!\n")
}

2b.Simpleorcomplexstatement
%{
intvalid
%}
%%
[azAZ][](and|but|if|then|else|nevertheless)[][azAZ]{valid=1}
.|[\n]
%%
main()
{
printf("\nEnterthetext")
yylex()
if(valid)
{
printf("\nStatementiscompound!\n")
}
else
{
printf("\nStatementissimple!\n")
}
}

3.Identifiers(method1)
%{
charch
intid
%}
%%
^[\t]*(int|float|double|char){
ch=input()
while(1)
{
if(ch==',')
id++
elseif(ch=='')
{
id++

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
break
}
ch=input()
}
}
.|[\n]
%%
intmain(intargc,char**argv)
{
if(argc!=2)
{
printf("\nImproperusage!\n")
return1
}
yyin=fopen(*(argv+1),"r")
if(!yyin)
{
printf("\nSpecifiedfilecannotbeopened!\n")
return1
}
yylex()
printf("\nTotalidentifiersis%d\n",id)
}

3.Identifiers(method2)
%{
#include<ctype.h>
charch,arr[20]
intid,i,j
inttest(char*)
%}
%%
^[\t]*("int"|"float"|"double"|"char")[\t]*{
ch=input()
while(1)
{
if(ch=='\n'||ch==0)
break
if(ch==','||ch=='')
{
arr[i]=0
i=0
j=test(arr)
if(j!=1)
{
id+=j
printf("\n%sisa%s",arr,j?"identifier":"nonidentifier")
}
if(ch=='')
break
ch=input()
continue
}
arr[i++]=ch
ch=input()
}
}
.|[\n]
%%
yywrap()
{
return1
}
intrno(char*a,intstate)
{
if(*a=='='&&state==0&&!(*a=0))
return1
if(isdigit(*a)&&state==1)
state=1
if(*a==']'&&state==1)
state=0
if(*a==0&&state==0)
return1
if(*a=='['&&state==0)

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
state=1
a++
returnrno(a,state)
}
inttest(char*a)
{
char*b=a
inti
while(*b=='')
b++
if(!isalpha(*b))
return0
while(*b!=0)
{
if(*b=='='&&!(*b=0))
return1
if(*b=='[')
{
i=rno(b++,1)
b
if(i==1)
*b=0
returni
}
if(!isalnum(*b))
return0
b++
}
return1
}
intmain(intargc,char**argv)
{
if(argc!=2)
{
printf("\nImproperusage!\n")
return1
}
yyin=fopen(*(argv+1),"r")
if(!yyin)
{
printf("\nSpecifiedfilecannotbeopened!\n")
return1
}
yylex()
printf("\nTotalidentifiersis%d\n",id)
}

4a.Validarithmeticexpression(method1)
LEXpart
%{
#include"y.tab.h"
%}
%%
[azAZ_][azAZ_09]*returnid
[09]+(\.[09]*)?returnnum
[+/*]returnop
.returnyytext[0]
\nreturn0
%%

YACCpart
%{
#include<stdio.h>
intvalid=1
%}
%tokennumidop
%%
start:id'='s''
s:idx
|numx

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
|''numx
|'('s')'x

x:ops
|''s
|

%%
intyyerror()
{
valid=0
printf("\nInvalidexpression!\n")
return0
}
intmain()
{
printf("\nEntertheexpression:\n")
yyparse()
if(valid)
{
printf("\nValidexpression!\n")
}
}

4a.Validarithmeticexpression(method2)
LEXpart
%{
#include"y.tab.h"
%}
%%
[azAZ_][azAZ_09]*returnid
[09]+(\.[09]*)?returnnum
[+/*]returnop
.returnyytext[0]
\nreturn0
%%

YACCpart
%{
#include<stdio.h>
intvalid=1
%}
%tokennumidop
%left''op
%%
start:idy'='s''
y:op
|''
|

s:xopx
|x''x
|'('s')'
|x

x:id
|''num
|num

%%
intyyerror()
{
valid=0
printf("\nInvalidexpression!\n")
return0
}
intmain()
{
printf("\nEntertheexpression:\n")
yyparse()

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
if(valid)
{
printf("\nValidexpression!\n")
}
}

4b.Validvariable
LEXpart
%{
#include"y.tab.h"
%}
%%
[azAZ]returnletter
[09]returndigit
.returnyytext[0]
\nreturn0
%%
YACCpart
%{
#include<stdio.h>
intvalid=1
%}
%tokendigitletter
%%
start:letters
s:letters
|digits
|

%%
intyyerror()
{
printf("\nItsnotaidentifier!\n")
valid=0
return0
}
intmain()
{
printf("\nEnteranametotestedforidentifier")
yyparse()
if(valid)
{
printf("\nItisaidentifier!\n")
}
}

5a.Evaluatevalidarithmeticexpression
LEXpart
%{
#include"y.tab.h"
intexternyylval
%}
%%
[09]+{yylval=atoi(yytext)returnnum}
.returnyytext[0]
\nreturn0
%%

YACCpart
%
#include<stdio.h>
intvalid=0,temp
%}

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
%tokennum
%left'+'''
%left'*''/'
%nonassocUMINUS
%%
expr1:expr{temp=$1}
expr:expr'+'expr{$$=$1+$3}
|expr''expr{$$=$1$3}
|expr'*'expr{$$=$1*$3}
|expr'/'expr{if($3==0){valid=1$$=0}else{$$=$1/$3}}
|'('expr')'{$$=$2}
|''expr{$$=1*$2}
|num{$$=yylval}

%%
intyyerror()
{
printf("\nInvalidexpression!\n")
valid=2
return0
}
intmain()
{
printf("\nEntertheexpressiontobeevaluated\n")
yyparse()
if(valid==1)
{
printf("\nDivisionby0!\n")
}
if(valid==0)
{
printf("\nValidexpression!\n")
printf("Thevalueevaluatedis%d\n",temp)
}
}

5b.Languagea^nb^n(n>=0)
LEXpart
%{
#include"y.tab.h"
%}
%%
areturnA
breturnB
.|[\n]return0
%%
YACCpart
%{
#include<stdio.h>
intvalid=1
%}
%tokenAB
%%
start:AstartB
|

%%
intyyerror()
{
valid=0
printf("\nPatternnotmatched!\n")
return0
}
intmain()
{
printf("\nEnterthepattern")
yyparse()
if(valid)
{
printf("\nValidpattern!\n")

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
}
}

6.Languageoftypea^nb(n>=10)
LEXpart
%{
#include"y.tab.h"
%}
%%
areturnA
breturnB
.|[\n]return0
%%

YACCpart
%{
#include<stdio.h>
intvalid=1
%}
%tokenAB
%%
start:AAAAAAAAAAsB
s:As
|

%%
intyyerror()
{
valid=0
printf("\nPatternnotmatched!\n")
return0
}
intmain()
{
printf("\nEnterthepattern")
yyparse()
if(valid)
{
printf("\nValidpattern!\n")
}
}

PartB(UnixProgramming)

1a.Nonrecursivelyprinttheargumentsinreverseorder
temp=$#
while[$tempge1]
do
evalecho\$$temp
temp=`expr$temp1`
done

1b.Childprocesstoreadcommands
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
main()
{
intpid
charcmd[15]
pid=fork()
if(pid<0)
{

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
printf(ForkError!\n)
exit(0)
}
elseif(pid==0)
{
printf(\nEntertheCommand:)
scanf(%s,cmd)
system(cmd)
exit(0)
}
}

2a.Filepermissions
temp1=`lsl$1|cutc110`
temp2=`lsl$2|cutc110`
if[$temp1=$temp2]then
echoThefileshavecommonPermissions
echo$temp1
else
echoThepermissionfor$1is:
echo$temp1
echoThepermissionfor$2is:
echo$temp2
fi

2b.Holeinthefile
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include<unistd.h>
charbuf1[]=abcdefghijklmnop
charbuf2[]=ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP
intmain()
{
intfd
fd=create(file.dat,0)
write(fd,buf1,16)
lseek(fd,48,SEEK_SET)
write(fd,buf2,16)
system(odcfile.dat)
exit(0)
}

3a.Maximumlength
lslR$1|grepv^d|sortnr+45|head1>file1
#lslR$1|grepv^d|sortnrk5|headn1>file1
string=`cutdf9file1`
length=`cutdf5file1`
echoTheMaximumlengthfile,$stringis:$string:

3b.Typeoffile
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
main(intargc,char*argv[])
{
structstatst
inti
for(i=1i<argci++)
{
if(lstat(argv[i],&st))
{
printf("%sdoesnotexist!",argv[i])
continue
}
printf("%sisa",argv[i])
switch(st.st_mode&S_IFMT)

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
{
caseS_IFDIR:printf("directoryfile\n")
break
caseS_IFCHR:printf("characterdevicefile\n")
break
caseS_IFBLK:printf("blockdevicefile\n")
break
caseS_IFREG:printf("regularfile\n")
break
caseS_IFLNK:printf("symbolliclinkfile\n")
break
caseS_IFIFO:printf("FIFOfile\n")
}
}
}

4a.Bundlescript
echo#tounbundled,shthisfile
fori
do
echoecho$i1>&2
echocat>$i<<`endof$i`
cat$i
echoendof$i
done

4b.Pidsofchildandparent
#include<stdio.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
intmain()
{
intstatus,ppid,mpid,pid
pid=fork()
if(pid<0)
{
printf(Errorinforkingachild!)
}
if(pid==0)
{
ppid=getppid()
printf(\nIamChildExecutingandMyParentIDis:%d,ppid)
mpid=getpid()
printf(\nMyownID:%d,mpid)
kill()
exit(0)
}
pid=waitpid(pid,&status,0)
mpid=getpid()
printf(\nIamparentwithID:%d\nMychildwithID:%d\n,mpid,pid)
}

PartB(CompilerDesign)

5.SDD(method1)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
intrparsecondition(char[],int,char*,int)
voidgen(char[],char[],char[],int)
intmain()
{
intcounter=0,stlen=0,elseflag=0
charstmt[60]
charstrB[54]
charstrS1[50]

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
charstrS2[45]
printf("formatof'if'statement\nexample..\n")
printf("if(a<b)then(s=a)\n")
printf("if(a<b)then(s=a)else(s=b)\n\n")
printf("enterthestatement\n")
scanf("%[^\n]",stmt)
stlen=strlen(stmt)
counter=counter+2
counter=parsecondition(stmt,counter,strB,stlen)
if(stmt[counter]==')')
counter++
counter=counter+3
counter=parsecondition(stmt,counter,strS1,stlen)
if(stmt[counter+1]=='')
{
printf("\nparsingtheinputstatement")
gen(strB,strS1,strS2,elseflag)
return0
}
if(stmt[counter]==')')
counter++
counter=counter+3
counter=parsecondition(stmt,counter,strS2,stlen)
counter=counter+2
if(counter==stlen)
{
elseflag=1
printf("\nparsingtheinputstatement")
gen(strB,strS1,strS2,elseflag)
return0
}
return0
}
intparsecondition(charinput[],intcntr,char*dest,inttotallen)
{
intindex=0,pos=0
while(input[cntr]!='('&&cntr<=totallen)
cntr++
if(cntr>=totallen)
return0
index=cntr
while(input[cntr]!=')')
cntr++
if(cntr>=totallen)
return0
while(index<=cntr)
dest[pos++]=input[index++]
dest[pos]='\0'
returncntr
}
voidgen(charB[],charS1[],charS2[],intelsepart)
{
intBt=101,Bf=102,Sn=103
printf("\n\tif%sgoto%d",B,Bt)
printf("\n\tgoto%d",Bf)
printf("\n%d",Bt)
printf("%s",S1)
if(!elsepart)
printf("\n%d",Bf)
else
{
printf("\n\tgoto%d",Sn)
printf("\n%d:%s",Bf,S2)
printf("\n%d",Sn)
}
}

5.SDD(method2)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
exitstatus()
{
printf("\nInvalidstatement!")

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
exit(0)
}
main()
{
chararr[50],arr1[25],arr2[25],marr[25]
intcntr,i
printf("\nEntertheexpression")
scanf("%s",arr)
if(arr[0]=='i'&&arr[1]=='f'&&arr[2]=='(')
{
cntr=3
i=0
while(arr[cntr]!=')')
marr[i++]=arr[cntr++]
cntr++
marr[i]=0
}
else
exitstatus()
if(arr[cntr]=='t'&&arr[cntr+1]=='h'&&arr[cntr+2]=='e'&&arr[cntr+3]=='n'&&arr[cntr+4]=='(')
{
cntr+=5
i=0
while(arr[cntr]!=')')
arr1[i++]=arr[cntr++]
cntr++
arr1[i]=0
if(arr[cntr]==''&&arr[cntr+1]==0)
printf("59:if(%s)goto60\ngoto61\n60:(%s)",marr,arr1)
else
if(arr[cntr]=='e'&&arr[cntr+1]=='l'&&arr[cntr+2]=='s'&&arr[cntr+3]=='e'&&arr[cntr+4]=='(')
{
cntr+=5
i=0
while(arr[cntr]!=')')
arr2[i++]=arr[cntr++]
cntr++
arr2[i]=0
if(arr[cntr]==''&&arr[cntr+1]==0)
printf("59:if(%s)goto60\ngoto62\n60:(%s)goto62\n61:(%s)\n62:",marr,arr1,arr2)
else
exitstatus()
}
else
exitstatus()
}
else
exitstatus()
}

6.Parsetree
%{
#include<ctype.h>
charstr[20]
inti=0
%}
%tokenid
%left'+''/''*'''
%%
E:S{infix_postfix(str)}
S:S'+'T|S''T
|T
T:T'*'F|T'/'F
|F
F:id|'('S')'

%%
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
printf("\nEnteranidentifier:")
yyparse()
}

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66DQG&'ODE3URJUDPV
yyerror()
{
printf("invalid")
}
yylex()
{
charch=''
while(ch!='\n')
{
ch=getchar()
str[i++]=ch
if(isalpha(ch))returnid
if(ch=='+'||ch=='*'||ch==''||ch=='/')returnch
}
str[i]='\0'
return(0)
exit(0)
}
voidpush(charstack[],int*top,charch)
{
stack[++(*top)]=ch
}
charpop(charstack[],int*top)
{
return(stack[(*top)])
}
intprec(charch)
{
switch(ch)
{
case'/':
case'*':return2
case'+':
case'':return1
case'(':return0
default:return1
}
}
voidinfix_postfix(charinfix[])
{
inttop=1,iptr=1,pptr=1
charpostfix[20],stack[20],stksymb,cursymb
push(stack,&top,'\0')
while((cursymb=infix[++iptr])!='\0')
{
switch(cursymb)
{
case'(':push(stack,&top,cursymb)
break
case')':stksymb=pop(stack,&top)
while(stksymb!='(')
{
postfix[++pptr]=stksymb
stksymb=pop(stack,&top)
}
break
case'*':
case'/':
case'+':
case'':while(prec(stack[top])>=prec(cursymb))
postfix[++pptr]=pop(stack,&top)
push(stack,&top,cursymb)
break
default:if(isalnum(cursymb)==0)
{
printf("Errorininput!")
exit(0)
}
postfix[++pptr]=cursymb
}
}
while(top!=1)

KWWSSURJUDPVYWXZHHEO\FRPVVDQGFGODEKWPO





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postfix[++pptr]=pop(stack,&top)
printf("%s\n",postfix)
}

Note:ThisisDFAforprogram1b

Asstate20,21
and22remain
asitissowe
obtainthestate
2regular
expressionas
\/\*[^*]\*
(\*||([^*\]
[^*]*\*))*\/

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KWWSSURJUDPVYWXZHHEO\FRPVVDQGFGODEKWPO