Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Indique si las siguientes aseveraciones son falsas o verdaderas
I)
|1 | = 12 + 12 = 2
(1 ) = ( 1 ) =
| |
1
1
2
1
( )
1
1
(1 ) =
2
1
(2)
1
1
1
2
= 2 (2 1 )1 = ( ) [( ) (2
1 )] ( 1 )
1
1
1
1
1
=( ) [ ] (2
1)
2
2
1
2
=(
1
)
1
1
1
2 = | 2| = 1 ( ) = ( )
1
1
2
| 2 | = 12 + 12 = 1
1
2 , ( 1 )
1
1
(2)
Definicin:
i j = 0
i = 1
(
(
1
1
) (1, 1) =
=0
2 2
2 2
1
2 2
)(
) = 1 + 1 = 2 1 (F)
2 2
II)
El conjunto {(
),(
)} es un conjunto ortogonal en .
1
1 =
1
=
|1 |
1
(
2
2
) +( )
2
1
(2)
2 = 2 (2 1 )1
1
=
1
(2)
2
2
1
1
((
1
1
1
= 2 ( + ) 2
1
1
2 2
(2)
(2)
2 2
1
1
(2)
2 =
=0
(2)
2
=0
| 2 |
1
Vector
0
{(2
1 ) , (0)}
2
1 2 = 0 = 0 + 0 = 0
1 1 = 1
1
2
1
2) (2) (2)
)
Entonces 2 + 2 = 1 (V)
1
1 + 1
2 2
2
1
(2)
1
=
2
1
(2)
III)
IV)
La matriz (
) es ortogonal.
Si 1 = entonces 1 = 1
= (
1
(
1
1
1
)
1 1
1 1
1
1+1
)(
)=(
1 1 1
11
V)
11
2 0
)=(
)
1+1
0 2
(F)
La matriz (
) es ortogonal.
2 2
1 1
(2
2 )
1 1
+
2 2 = (2 2
= 2 2
1 1
1 1
1 1
2 2
(2 2 ) (2 2 )
1 1
2 2) = (1 0)
1 1
0 1
+
2 2
1
(
3
6
1
) = (
2
6
1 =
1
( )
| |
3
)
2
()
1 =
1
2 3
)
(
(1)(2) (3 6) 6
1
1 =
1 2 6
1 2
6
(
)=
(
)
1
20 3
20 3 1
)
1
10
10
2 )
= (6
40
40
2
1 =
2
400
18
400
400
40
20 (6
40
40
(3
10
40
1 )
10
3
10
1 )
1
10
10
1
340
10
10
20
=
= 10
6
6 10
140
20 ) (40
( 20
3
10
2
40 )
= 1
PROBLEMA 6.1
i j = 0
i = 1
1
2 = ( )
1
5
1 =
1
1
1 5
5
( )=
=
( )=
2
2
|1 | 5 + 2
2
29 2
29
2
(29)
(
(
29 29
5
29 29
5
29
29 29
25 4
29
+
=
=1
29 29 29
)=
) (1 , 2 ) = 0
2
1 +
1 =
) (
29
2
29
2 = 0
2
29
= 2
5
5
2
2 =
| 2 |
229
29
529
( 29 )
2 = 2 (2 1 )1
= 2 (2
29
(29
2 )) ( 2 )
29
5
1
1
2 = ( ) ( ) 29
2
1
1
[
(29)]
29
5
29
2
(29)
5
5
2
1
] (29
=( ) [
+
2 )
29
29
1
29
1
=( )
1
7
29
(29
2 )
2 =
29
35
2
2
( 6 ) +(15)
29
29
1
29
= ( ) (29
14 ) = 15
1
29
29
1
36 225
+
841 841
29
( 15
)
29
261
841
( 29
15 )
29
29
261
261
841
) (1 , 2 ) = 0
29 29
1
0
( ) = ( ) (29
2 )
2
0
29
5
29 (1 ) = 0
2
2
(29)
5
29
6
329
15
329
1 +
=
=
29
29
5
29
2 = 0
///
///
29
2
29
5
10 10
+
=0
29
29
(29) (29)
PROBLEMA 6.3
5. En encuentre una base ortogonal comenzando con la base (, ), ( , + ).
Sea E en la matriz h h con 1 en la posicin , y 0 en otra parte.
1 = (
) 2 = ( 2 , 3 + 2 ) [(2 , 3 + 2 ) 1 ]
2 2
,
1 = (, 1) 2 = (
1 =
1 =
1
|1 |
(1, )
2
)
2 2
|1 | = (1 1) + (+ )() = 1 + ( )( ) = 2
=(
)
2 2
2 = 2 (2 1 )1
12
12
2
2
) ((
)(
=(
)) (
)
3 + 2
3 + 2
2
2
(12) + (3 + 2 )
(2)] [(12 , 2)]
= ( 2 , 3 + 2 ) [(2 )
= ( 2 , 3 + 2 ) [2 2 3 2 + 2] [(12 , 2)]
= ( 2 , 3 + 2 ) [22 22 ] [12 , 2]
= ( 2 , 3 + 2 ) [(22 22 )(12), 22(1 ) 2 ]
= ( 2 , 3 + 2 ) [
22
2
(1 ), 2 (1 ) ]
= ( 2 , 3 + 2 ) (2 2, + 2 + 2)
= (, 3 + 2 2 2 )
= (, 1)
2 =
2 =
2
=
| 2 |
(, 1)
2
= ( 2 , 12)
PROBLEMAS 7.2
De los problemas 1 al 14 encuentre ncleo, imagen, rango y nulidad de la
transformacin lineal dada.
5.
: ; () = +
= {v v: v = 0}
= {(, )/(, ) = 0}
() = 1
= {(, )/(, ) = 0}
() =
= {(, )/ = }
() =
= {(, )/ }
=< {(1,1)} >
= {W W: W = v para alguna v v}
= {(, )/(, ) }
= {(, )/, }
= {(1,0), (0,1)}
=
() + () = dim
() = 1
() = 2
7.
)
: ; () = , = (
0
Nu = {(
0
0
)} , = , () = 4, () = 0
0
0
)}
0
La imagen = M22
() = 0
1
(
3
0 11
)(
1 21
y () = = 2 2 = 4
12
0 0
22 ) = (0 0)
2 1
= (2 1
2 1
1
1)
1
() = (2
Si
+
+) = B
+
= ( )
2 1 1
Entonces B= (2 1 1)
2 1 1
PROBLEMA 7.3
De los problemas 1 al 39 encuentre la representacin matricial de la
transformacin lineal , , , () (). A menos que se especifique otra
cosa, suponga que y son bases cannicas.
7.
: ; () = ( )
1
= = ( 3
1
1
2)
1
1
0
= {( )} = {( 3
0
1
() = 2, () = 0
1
1
( ) = ( 3)
3
1
1
= ( 3
1
1
( 3
1
1
0
( ) = (2)
1
1
1
2)
1
1 31 2 1
( 0
2)
1 + 3
1
0
1
1
)
(
5
0
2
0
1
1)
0
() + () = 2 () = 2
() = 2 2 = 0
0
= {( )}
0
1
= ( 3
1
15.
1
2)
1
+ +
{(
)
(
)
(
: ; ( ) = (
) ; , , )} ; {( ) , ( )}
3 75 165
: = (
) , () = 2
0 45 25
5
( )1 = {( 3 )}
6
1
3
1
2
(0) = ( ) = 11 ( ) + 21 ( )
3
1
3
1
() = 2 y
1
2)}
1
11 + 221 = 3
11 + 321 = 3
521 = 0
21 = 0
11 = 3
1
3
1
2
(
1) = ( ) = 12 ( ) + 22 ( )
1
1
3
0
12 + 222 = 3
12 + 322 = 1
522 = 4
22 = 45
12 + 85 = 3
12 = 3 85 = 75
1
4
1
2
(1) = ( ) = 13 ( ) + 23 ( )
2
1
3
1
13 + 223 = 4
13 + 323 = 2
523 = 2
23 = 25
13 = 4 45 = 165
3 75 165
= (
)
0 45 25
() = 2
() = dim () = 3 2 = 1
7 16 0
(15
)
0 4 2 0
4 + 2 = 0
= 2
15 + 7 32 = 0
15 = 25
= 53
53
= {( 1 )}
2
53
AUTOEVALUACIN 8.1
Indique si los enunciados siguientes son falsos o verdaderos
I)
Los valores de una matriz triangular son los nmeros en la diagonal de la matriz.
(VERDADERO)
Los valores caractersticos de una matriz triangular son las componentes diagonales de
la matriz.
11 12 1
0 22 2
= (
)
0 0
11
0
= (
II)
12
22
1
2
III)
IV)
V)
(VERDADERO)
det A = det( 0) = 0
Sea A una matriz de n x n. Entonces es un valor caracterstico de A si y solo si
() = det( ) = 0
Elija la opcin que corresponda acertadamente al enunciado propuesto.
VI)
VII)
1 es el nico valor caracterstico de = ( ).Su multiplicidad geomtrica es
__________.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
PROBLEMA 8.1
De los problemas 1 al 29 calcule los valores caractersticos y los espacios
caractersticos de la matriz dada. Si la multiplicidad algebraica de un valor
caracterstico es mayor que 1, calcule su multiplicidad geomtrica.
7)
= 2,2
1
2 = {( )}
3
2 = {(
( ) = |62
192
5
)}
16
20 | (
= 62 )(62 ) + (20)(192)
62
= 622 + 62 62 + 2 + 2(1920)
= 3844 + 3840 + 2 = 2 4
( ) = 0
60
(
192
20 1
0
)( ) = ( )
64 2
0
1 = 2
2 = +2
601 202 = 0
1921 + 642 = 0
31 2 = 0
31 + 2 = 0
1
2 = {( )}
3
641 202 = 0
1921 + 602 = 0
161 52 = 0
161 + 52 = 0
5
2 = {( )}
16
(
11)
1
det(A I) = | 1
0
1
2
1
0
1 |
1
(1 )(2 )(1 ) (1 ) (1 ) = 0
(1 2 + 22 )(2 ) (2 2) = 0
2 2 + 22 + 22 3 2 + 2 = 0
3 + 42 3 = 0
(1 )(3 ) = 0
1 = 0
2 = 1
3 = 3
1 = 0
(A I)v = 0
1 1
( 1
2
0 1
1 1
0 0
( 1
2 1 0) 1 + 2
0 1
1 0
1 + 2
1 1
0 0
( 0
1 1 0)
0
0
0 0
0 1
0
1) (2 ) = (0)
1 3
0
1 1
( 0
1
0 1
0 0
1 0)
1 0
1 2 = 0
2 3 = 0
1
0 = {(1)}
1
2 = 1
0 1
0 1
0
( 1
1 1) (2 ) = (0)
0 1
0 3
0
0 1
0 0
( 1
1 1 0) 1 + 2
0 1
0 0
1 + 2
1
( 0
0
2
1
1
1 2
( 1
1
0 1
1 0
0 0) 2 + 3
0 0
1 0
1 0)
0 0
1 2
( 0 1
0
0
2 = 0
1 22 + 3 = 0
1
1 = {( 0 )}
1
3 = 3
2 1
( 1 1
0 1
2 1
( 1 1
0 1
2 + 3
1
0
0
1 ) (2 ) = (0)
2 3
0
0 0
1 0) 1 22
2 0
2
( 0
0
1
1
0
0 0
2 0)
0 0
2
( 0
0
1
1
1
0 0
2 0)
2 0
21 + 2 = 0
2 + 23 = 0
1
3 = {( 2 )}
1
1 0
0 0) 2
0 0