Reading as

a Skill /
Skills

Reading as a Skill / Skills

What is Reading?
a. Reading is not just a basic skill.
b. Reading is a complex process.
c. Reading is problem solving.
d. Fluent Reading is not the same as decoding.
e. Reading is situationally-bounded.
f. Proficient readers share some key
characteristics.

Reading as a Skill / Skills

Reading Skills Ladder
a. Basic sight words
b. Using phonetic analysis
c. Using structural analysis
d. Using contextual clues
e. Vocabulary building
f. Finding the main idea
g. Finding the supporting details
h.

Interfering meanings, drawing conclusions

Reading as a Skill / Skills

Reading Skills Ladder
i. Classifying and organizing facts
j.

Using parts of the book

k.

Using the dictionary

l.

Using the encyclopedias and other reference books

m.

Borrowing library books for research and enjoyment

n.

Starting your private library collection

o.

Exposure to reading from mass media

p.

Reading from the Internet

What is Reading?

What
is Reading?
Reading
is not just a basic
skill.
Reading is not a simple process that comprises of decoding
(figuring out how to pronounce) each word in a text, and then,
automatically comprehending the meaning of the words, in
connection with our everyday spoken language. Rather, it is a
helpful skill that would surely reflect all other communication
skills such as writing, listening and speaking.

What
is Reading?
Reading
is a complex
process.
Mental processing through reading refers from a particular
world of knowledge and experiences related to the text which
evoked voices, memories, knowledge and experiences from
other times and places. Thus, we probably try to relate it to
our own existing knowledge and understanding through
internal conversations, silent argues and thorough analyses.

What
is Reading?
Reading
is problem
solving.

Reading is not passive, it is in truth active, wherein the reader

works to make sense of a text not just from words and
sentences but also from ideas, memories and knowledge
evoked by those words and sentences.

What is Reading?
Fluent reading is not the same as
decoding.
Multiple rereading of more difficult texts help broaden a
readers fluency. Perhaps, most important for adolescent
readers, fluency grows as they have opportunities, support,
and encouragement to read a wide range of text types from a
wide range of topics.

What
is Reading?
Reading
is situationallybounded.
A person who understands one type of text is not necessarily
proficient at reading all types. For example, a chemistry
teacher may feel completely insecure when trying to
understand some of the original source of history materials on
a colleagues course reading list.

What is Reading?

Proficient readers share some

Good readers
are...
key characteristics.
Mentally engaged,
Motivated to read and to learn,

Setting goals that shape their

reading processes,

Socially active around reading

tasks,

Monitoring their emerging

understanding of a text, and

Coordinating a variety of
Strategic in monitoring the
interactive processes that assist comprehension strategies to
control the reading process.
comprehension:

Reading Skills
Ladder

Reading Skills Ladder

Basic sight words

The Dolch words are the 220 most frequently found words in
books that children read. Many of these words cannot be
sounded out because they do not follow decoding rules, so
they must be learned as sight words.

The number of
words recognized
is the basis for
assigning the
students
equivalent reading
level. The scale is
as follows:
# OF DOLCH
WORDS
RECOGNIZED
0 - 75

ESTIMATED
READING
LEVEL
Pre-primer

76 - 120

Primer

121 - 170

1st Year

171 - 210

2nd Year

Above 210

3rd Year +

Reading Skills Ladder

Ehris
4 Phases of Development Sight Word

Basic sight words

1. Pre-Alphabetic Phase
Beginners connect visual attributes of the word & its letters to
pronunciations & meaning of the word.
2. Partial Alphabetic Phase
Children begin to learn that certain letters are associated with letter
sounds.

Reading Skills Ladder

Basic sight words
3. Full Alphabetic Phase
Children become more proficient with letters in words & their associated
phonemes.
4. Consolidated Alphabetic Phase
Children are able to pronounce words by recalling word parts or letter
patterns.

Reading Skills Ladder

Using Phonetic analysis

It is also called phonics, the study of sound-symbol or

phoneme-grapheme relationships.

Reading Skills Ladder

Using Structural analysis
The process of using familiar word parts (base words, prefixes,
and suffixes) to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Breaking down unknown words into prefixes & suffixes, then
into syllables.

Reading Skills Ladder

Using Contextual Clues
Hints that the author gives to help define a difficult or unusual
word. The clue may appear within the same sentence as the
word which it refers, or it may be in a preceding or subsequent
sentence.
Types of Context Clues: Synonyms, Antonyms, Explanation,
Examples

Reading Skills Ladder

Vocabulary Building

Vocabulary plays a large role in determining ones success.

A rich vocabulary is a valuable asset and an important
attribute of success in any walk of life. W.B. Elley

Reading Skills Ladder

Vocabulary
1. Read,
read, read

Building

2. Repeat words several times

3. Look at words with the mind of a child
4. Have fun by playing word games
5. Make it personal
6. Use imagination to create images of the word
7. Practice using elaboration

Reading Skills Ladder

Finding the Main Idea
The main idea sentence of a paragraph tells what the
paragraph is about.Itis the "key concept" being
expressed.Understanding thetopic, thegist, or the larger
conceptual framework of a textbook chapter, an article, a
paragraph, a sentence or a passage is a sophisticated reading
task. Textbook chapters, articles, paragraphs, sentences, or
passages all have topics and main ideas.

Reading
Skills
Ladder
Finding the
Supporting
details

Details, major and minor, support the main idea by telling how,
what, when, where, why, how much, or how many.

Reading Skills
Ladder
Interfering
meanings, drawing
conclusions
Drawing conclusions refers to information that is implied or
inferred. This means that the information is never clearly
stated. Inferenceis just a big word that means
aconclusionorjudgement. If you infer that something has
happened, you do not see, hear, feel, smell, or taste the actual
event. But from what you know, it makes sense to think that it
has happened.

Reading Skills Ladder

Classifying and Organizing Facts
Classifying facts separating various things on the basis of
some criteria.
Organizing facts how to classify them and how to use that
classification to arrange those facts in a particular rational
order.

Reading Skills Ladder

Using the Parts of the Book
a. Title Page
It has the information about when and where the book was
published.

b. Table of Contents
It will help readers find the chapters and the page number of
the respective chapters.

Reading Skills Ladder

Using the Parts of the Book
c. Glossary of a Book
It will give meanings to words used in the book.

d. Index of a book
It will give a listing of each topic in the book, names of people,
maps in the book, or any other information in the book.

Reading Skills Ladder

Using the Dictionary

It is used to know definitions, etymologies, phonetics,

pronunciations and other information about a certain word.

Reading Skills Ladder

Using the Encyclopedias and other

reference books

It gives a summary of information from either all branches of

knowledge or a particular branch of knowledge.

Reading Skills Ladder

Borrowing library books for research

and enjoyment
Give the importance of reading in the library not only for
academic use but also for enjoyment because there are section
of a library where you can find books that are entertaining but
still educational books intended for the needs and wants of the
students.

Reading Skills Ladder

Starting your private library collection

Reading of books and other references will encourage

children to create and start a mini library of collection of
books from his/her past years in learning and also to other
references that he/she is reading.

Reading
Broadcast

Skills Ladder

Film
Exposure to Reading from Mass Media
Video Games
Audio Recording and
Reproduction

Podcast

Internet

Mobile

Blogs

Print Media: books,

magazines, newspapers

Reading Skills Ladder

Reading from the Internet

Reading from the Internet is the most and easiest way

not only for the children but also to the adults to
gather information from a certain topic but always
teach children to examine if the article or information
that they are reading is based on facts or not.