Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Doubling of Consonants
1. If the base form ends in a single consonant and the preceding vowel is stressed and spelled with only one letter, double the
consonant before adding -ing and -ed
2. If the preceding vowel is unstressed or spelled with two vowels, do not double the consonant
appeal/appealing, shout/shouting
panic/panicking, picnic/picnicking
4. There are exceptions with some verbs ending in -l, -m, and -p
travel--traveling or travelling
program--programing or programming
worship--worshiping or worshipping
Deletion or Addition of -e
1. If the base form ends in an unpronounced -e, drop the -e before adding -ing and -ed inflections
2. For monosyllabic verbs ending in -ye, -oe, or -nge, keep the final -e before -ing, but drop it before -ed
dye--dyeing/dyed
hoe--hoeing/hoed
singe--singeing/singed
3. If the base form ends in -ie or -ee, drop the final -e before -ed
4. If the verb ends in -s, -z, -x, -sh, and -ch, add -e before the -s ending
Treatment of -y
carry/carries, try/tries
carry/carried, try/tried
4. If the base form ends in -ie, change the -ie to -y before -ing
http://www2.gsu.edu/~wwwesl/egw/pluralsv.htm 14/01/2008