Use of the formula

Formula

Planform area of the wing (S)

Root cho

Mean aerodynamic chord of

the wing

Reynolds number

WING AND TAIL

AERODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES

Lift coefficient

1 2
v C l
2

2S
b(1 )

MQP FINAL

vc

MQP FINAL

WING AND TAIL

AERODYNAMIC
PROPERTIES

2 ( AR)

Where

Aerodynamic center of the

wing

WING
AND TAIL
AERODYN
AMIC
PROPERTI
ES
MQP
S exp FINAL

tan 2 LE S ref
( AR) 2 2
2 4
(
1

)
2
2

2 1 M 2
C l

( 2 / )

Mach number

MQP FINAL

2(1 2 )
c root
3(1 )
Re

C L

MQP final

c root

rd of the wing

Source of
the Formula

)( F )

MQP FINAL

F 1.07(1 d / b) 2

MQP FINAL

R (TEMP )

C M , LE
x ac

c
C N

MQP FINAL

Normal force coefficient

C n C l cos C d sin

Quarter chord moments

C m , LE C m ,c / 4

MQP FINAL

MQP FINAL

Cn
4

PROPULSION

PROPULSION

Power output

P I V

R.P.M

RPM K v Vbattery

Equations for diameter of the

propeller

PROPULSI
ON
MQP FINAL
MQP FINAL
MQP FINAL

P
V pitch

A prop

T
0.5 Ve2

D prop 2

A prop

PERFORMANCE

PERFORMANCE

PERFORM
ANCE

TOTAL DRAG

Dtotal Dinduced, wing D0 D featheredprop

MQP FINAL

Induced drag

C drag

MQP FINAL

1
(C l ) 2
( AR)e

e 1.78(1 0.045( AR) 0.68 ) 0.64

Parasite drag

Cd 0
Laminar and turbulent skin
friction coefficients

C f ,lam
C f ,turb

Form factor of the wing

f ,c

FFc Qc S wet ,c

MQP FINAL

S ref
MQP FINAL

1.328
Re
(log 10 Re)

2.58

0.455
(1 0.144 M 2 ) 0.65

4
MQP FINAL

0.6 t
t
0.28
0.18
FF 1
100 1.34M cos m
x / c m c
c

Form factor of the empennage

Feathered prop drag

C d 0, featheredprop 0.1

AIRCRAFT
STABILITY AND
CONTROL
Primary equations to calculate
neutral point
&
Stability envelope

MQP FINAL

60
f

FF 1 3
400
f

1
f
4

Amax

nblades
Aprop
( AR) blade S ref

AIRCRAFT
STABILITY AND
CONTROL

x np

x nf

MQP FINAL

AIRCRAFT
STABILIT
Y AND
CONTROL

MQP FINAL
SH
d H
C L , H
x ac, H
&
S
d

MQP
report
S
d H
C L ,w H H C L , H
S
d
S C L , H d H
0.15 x ac,w H H
x ac, H
S C L , w d

S C L , H d H
1H H
S C L , w d

C L , w x ac, w H

SE x np x mf
Hinge moments

STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
LIFT PER UNIT SPAN AT THE
ROOT OF THE WING
bending
moment as a function of span
wise (y) position, and found
the moment at the wing root
area moment of inertia

FINAL
H Total H Aerodynamic H W eight C m,hinge 0.5v 2 c SMQP
control Wx cg , s

STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS
b
2
0

STRUCTU
RAL
ANALYSIS
MQP FINAL

L0

W
2y
1
dy
2
b
v

M y M root sL

1
0

I zz I zz,square I zz,circle

2s
1
ds
b
4
l side
4
rhole
12
4

MQP FINAL

MQP FINAL

Maximum bending stress

UAV
LONGITUDINAL
STATIC STABILITY
AND CONTROL

CONTRIBUTION OF
AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS
TO STABILITY
UAV WINGS CONTRIBUTION

max

M root l side / 2
I zz

UAV
LONGITUDINAL
STATIC STABILITY
AND CONTROL

C m0 f

k 2 k1 f 2

w f 0 wi f dx
36.5Sc 0

C m f
UAV TAIL CONTRIBUTION

X cg X ac

c
c
X cg X ac

c
c

C m 0 w C macw C L 0 w
C m C L
w
w

UAV FUSELAGE CONTRIBUTION

MQP FINAL

1
36.5Sc

x l f

w
x 0

2
f

u
x

C m 0t V H C L t 0 i w it
d

C m t V H C L t 1

d
0
w
d
2C Lw

ARw

UAV
LONGITU
DINAL
STATIC
STABILIT
Y AND
CONTROL

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS
MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS
MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

Equation for neutral point

Cm
X NP
X
d

ac f V H 1

c
c
C L
d

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

UAV DIRECTIONAL
STABILITY

UAV DIRECTIONAL
STABILITY

UAV
DIRECTIO
NAL
STABILIT
Y

UAV COMPONENTS
CONTRIBUTION

FUSELAGE
VERTICAL TAIL
WING CONTRIBUTION
YAWING MOMENT
COEFFICIENT DUE TO SIDESLIP
OF THE UAV

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

C nf k n k Rl
C n

v free

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

S fs l f
Sw b

C L v

S v xvs
Sb

C L2
w
4 AR
C n C n C n C n
C n

UAV MOMENTS OF INERTIA

MOI about ox axis
MOI about oy axis
MOI about oz axis
Product of inertia about ox &
oy axes
Product of inertia about ox &
oz axes
Product of inertia about oz &
oy axes

AERODYNAMIC FORCES
AND DERIVATIVES

m x
m y

I x m y 2 z 2
Iy
Iz

z2

x2

I xy mxy

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

I xz mxy
I yz myz

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

Longitudinal derivatives

Xu
Zu
M
Mu
Xw
Zw

X u SUC D
Z u SUC L
1
U 2 S c C m
2
C m
1
M u U 2 Sc
2
U
C
1

X w US C L D
2

1
C L

Z w US
CD
2

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

Downwash derivatives

C
X
1 X 1

US D
w U 2

C
Z 1 Z 1
Z w

US L
w U 2

C m
M
1 M 1
M w

USc
w
U
2

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

Control derivatives

C D
X 1
U 2 S
2

C L
Z 1
Z
U 2 S
2

C
M 1
M
U 2 Sc m
2

M
1
M
U 2 Sc V a 2

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

Tail volume coefficients

X w

VT

S T lT
Sc

VF

SF lF
Sb

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

Normal force derivatives

v 0 S
M 0 C LM 2C L
2m
Sc
C Z
Z w
4m
v S
Z w 0 C L C D
2m
V0 Sc
Zq
C Zq
m
V02 S
C Z
Z w
2m
Zu

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

Pitching moment derivatives

LATERAL DERIVATIVES

Mw

V0 S c
C m
2I y

Mq

V0 Sc 2
C mq
4I y

V02 Sc
C m
2I y

Lv

V0 Sb
C l
2I x

Lv

V02 Sb
C l
2I x

V0 Sb 2
Lp
C lp
4I x
Lr

V0 Sb 2
C lr
4I x

V02 Sb
C l
2I x

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

YAWING MOMENT DERIVATIVES

Nv

V0 Sb
C n
2I z

V02 Sb
C n
2I z

Np

V0 Sb 2
C np
4I z

Nr

V0 Sb 2
C nr
4I z

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

V02 Sb
N
C n
2I z
Lateral force derivatives

UAV LONGITUDINAL MOTION

Assuming stick fixed
Frequency
Damping ratio

V0 S
C y
2m
V02 S
Yv
C y
2m
V0 Sb
Yp
C yp
4m
V0 Sb
Yr
C yr
4m
V02 S
Y
C y
2m

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

Z M q

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS

Yv

nsp

u0

sp
Estimating UAV phogoid
Frequency
Damping ratio

np
p

M q M

Z
u0

2 nsp

Zu g
u0
Xu
2 np

1, 2 p np i n 1 2

MODELLING
AND
SIMULATION OF
A UH UAV
DYNAMICS