Comprehension-6

Every system consist of matter which is associated with definite amount of energy called internal
(U ) energy of the system .
Assumption : System considered to be at rest & in absence of electric & magnetic field
Important Points:
Absolute value of internal energy of a system can not be calculated but change in
internal energy of system can be determined as internal energy is a state function &
is an extensive property.
For ideal gas U f (T ) only but for real gas U f (T , V ) f (T , P ) f ( P,V )

In mathematical expression of I law of T.D. U f (T , V )

It has been observed that internal energy of a given amount of substance not undergoing any
chemical/phase change depends on T&V. Hence,
st

U
U
dU
dT
dV
T V
V T
U
dU CV dT
dV
V T

OR
CASE-I:

For an ideal gas undergoing any process;

CASE-III:

U
because there is no interaction between molecules of gas.

0
V T
dU CV dT (always)
For a real gas undergoing isochoric process; dV 0
dU CV dT
For solids & liquids dV 0 & C p Cv C

CASE-IV:

For real gas undergoing any process other than isochoric

CASE-II:

dU CdT
U
U
dU
dT
dV
T V
V T
U
P

T .
P
V T
T V

Where

called thermodynamic equation of state of gas

For ideal gas undergoing isothermal process change in internal energy U is-

Q.1

(a) 0
Q.2

(b)

(c) CV

(d)None

U for 1mole gas undergoing from state I (300 K , 2 102 m3 )

state II (400 K , 4 102 m3 ) for 1mole of vanderwaal gas.
1
1
If gas is ideal (CV 12 JK mole )
3
1
If gas is real ( given : a 2 Jm mole )
Calculate

(a)
(b)

to

Q.3

In a cyclic process change in internal energy is

(a)Zero
(b)can only be calculated if process informations are given
(c)can never be calculated
(d)work done

Q.4

Which has maximum internal energy at 298 K?

(A) helium gas
(B) oxygen gas
(C) ozone gas

1.(a)

2. (a)1200J

Answers
(b)1250J

3.(a)

(D) equal

4.(c)