Comprehension-12

ENTROPY(S)
One can think entropy as a measure of the degree of randomness or disorder in a system.
The greater the disorder, in a system, the higher is the entropy.
It is a state function & an extensive property.
q
S rev where qrev means that the heat is being supplied Isothermally and
T
Reversibly (JK1).
CARNOT CYCLE

Efficiency of Carnot engine working reversibly is maximum. Carnot cycle consist of 4 stepsV
AB Iso.Rev.Exp.
wAB = nRT2 ln 2
V1
BC Ada.Rev.Exp.
wBC = CV (T1 T2)
V
CD Iso.Rev.Comp.
wCD = nRT1 ln 4
V3
DA Ada.Rev.Comp.
wDA = CV (T2 T1)
Carnot efficiency =

wtotal
T T q q
2 1 2 1
T2
q2
q2

Thus thermal engine with 100% efficiency is not possible(Statement of II nd law)

CASE-I:-

Or

For reversible process

T2 T1 q2 q1

T2
q2
q
q2 q1
0 Hence, rev 0
T2 T1
T
qrev
Therefore;
is a state function called Entropy
T
CASE-II:For Irreversible process;
T2 T1 q2 q1

T2
q2

q1 q2
i.e. 0
T1 T2

Also,

Ssyt + Ssurr = 0
Ssyt + Ssurr > 0
Ssyt + Ssurr 0

for rev. process

for irrev. process
( In general )

 Entropy of universe increases in every spontaneous process i.e. irreversible or

natural process. (Statement of II nd law)
Q.1

Q.2

Correct order of entropy is

(a) O3 O2 O

(b) CO2 CO

(c) CO2 NO2

(d) X ( s ) X (l ) X ( g )

Column-I

Column-II

(A) N 2 ( g ) 3H 2 ( g ) 2 NH 3 ( g )

(P) r S 0

(B) H 2 ( g ) I 2 ( g ) 2 HI ( g )

(Q) r S 0

(C) 2SO3 ( g ) 2SO2 ( g ) O2 ( g )

(R) r S 0

(D) C ( graphite) C (diamond )

Q.3

Efficiency of a thermal engine whose source temperature is 1000K & sink temperature is
200K.
(a) 80%
(b)75%
(c)50%
(d)None

Q.4

For 100% efficiency of thermal engine

(a)Temperature of source should be
(c)process must be reversible

Q.5

(b) Temperature of sink should be zero

(d)none

A process A B is difficult to occur directly instead it takes place in three successive

steps.
S (A C ) = 50 e.u.
S (C D ) = 30 e.u.
S (B D ) = 20 e.u.
where e.u. is entropy unit.
Then the entropy change for the process S (A B) is
(A) +100 e.u.
(B) 60 e.u.
(C) 100 e.u.

Q.6

(D*) + 60 e.u.

Statement-1: There is a natural asymmetry between converting work to heat and

converting heat to work.
Statement-2: No process is possible in which the sole result is the absorption of heat from
a reservoir and its complete conversion into work.
(A*) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for
statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation
for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
[JEE 2008]