KGHM Ajax Air Quality Summary

Plain Language
Summary
10.1 Air Quality

Effects Assessment
Overview
The following chapters of the KGHM Ajax Application/EIS have been summarized in
plain language. The full Application/EIS can be viewed online at www.ajaxmine.ca.
2.7
Economic and Social Benefits of the Project
7.4
Business Effects Assessment
3.17
Closure and Reclamation
7.5
Property Values Assessment
4.1 - 4.5
Assessment Process
7.6
Economic Diversification Effects Assessment
Information Distribution and Consultation
8.1
Public and Agency Information Distribution

and Consultation
Infrastructure, Public Facilities, and Services

Assessment
8.2
Dark Sky Effects Assessment
5.0
Environmental Assessment Methodology
8.3
6.1
Greenhouse Gas Effects Assessment
Visual Impact and Aesthetic Features

Effects Assessment
6.2
Geology, Landforms, and Soils Assessment
8.4
Land and Resource Use Assessment
6.3
Surface Water Quality Effects Assessment
8.5
6.4
Surface Water Quantity Effects Assessment
Current Use of Lands and Resources for

Traditional Purposes Assessment
6.5
Groundwater Quality Effects Assessment
8.6
Outdoor Recreation Effects Assessment
6.6
Groundwater Quantity Effects Assessment
8.7
Jacko Lake Effects Assessment
6.7
Fish and Fish Habitat Effects Assessment
9.1
Archaeological Sites Assessment
6.8
Rare Plants Effects Assessment
9.2
Assessment of Effects on Aboriginal and

Non-Aboriginal Heritage Sites
6.9
Rare and Sensitive Ecological Communities

Effects Assessment
10.1
Air Quality Effects Assessment
6.10
Grasslands Effects Assessment
10.2
Domestic Water Quality Effects Assessment
6.11
Terrestrial Invertebrates Effects Assessment
10.3
Country Foods Effects Assessment
6.12
Amphibians Effects Assessment
10.4
Human Health Effects Assessment
6.13
Reptiles Effects Assessment
10.5
Noise and Vibration Effects Assessment
6.14
Migratory Birds Effects Assessment
10.6
Healthy Living and Health Education

Effects Assessment
6.15
Raptors Effects Assessment
10.7
6.16
Non-Migratory Game Birds Effects Assessment
Community Health and Well-Being

Effects Assessment
6.17
Mammals Effects Assessment
12 - 16
7.1
Economic Growth Effects Assessment
Part C Aboriginal Groups Information

Requirements
7.2
Labour Force, Employment, and Training

Effects Assessment
17.4
Alternative Means of Carrying Out the Project
17.5
Effects of the Environment on the Project
7.3
Income Effects Assessment
17.6
Accidents and Malfunctions
4.6 & 4.7
Copyright 2016 KGHM Ajax Mining Inc. This document may not be reproduced without the consent of KGHM Ajax Mining Inc. This document is a summary of its corresponding chapter in the Application/EIS. It
may not contain all of the information in the chapter in the Application/EIS and reference should be made to the complete document for full information about the proposed Ajax Project. This summary may
contain errors or omissions and may be corrected or updated by KGHM Ajax Mining Inc. from time to time.
Paper copies distributed by KGHM Ajax Mining Inc. have been printed on paper with recycled content.
10.1 Air Quality

Effects Assessment
1. Introduction
The air we breathe is mostly nitrogen (an inert gas) and oxygen, which sustains life.
The remainder includes moisture, particles (large and small) and trace gasses. The
particulate and trace gasses are sometimes classified as pollutants because they
can be detrimental to human health and the health of plants and animals. We study
the quality of the air to understand the sources of air contaminants, how they are
transported, and where they end up.
The Air Quality Effects Assessment (Section 10.1 of Chapter 10 of the Application/
EIS) is only intended to determine the concentrations of various contaminants in
relation to government objectives. This assessment does not consider the potential
health implications of air quality results; these are assessed in detail in the Human
Health Effects Assessment (Section 10.4 of Chapter 10 the Application/EIS).
f Regional Overview
Kamloops has a dry climate with low amounts of rain and snowfall, and high
evaporation. Summers are typically sunny, hot and dry, although thunderstorms
develop occasionally. In the winter months, cold air sometimes settles in the
valley bottom, while at higher elevations temperatures are warmer. This reversal
(inversion) leads to stagnant winds and at times, an accumulation of contaminants
locally. These inversions are more common in colder months, but can occur at all
times of the year.
Weather measurements in Kamloops show that winds generally fall in line with the
valleys axis (west and east) while at higher elevations (including the Project site)
winds generally blow from the southwest.
The city is located largely in the Thompson River valley bottom. On the south shore
residences and businesses extend south up the valley side roughly 500 metres
above the valley floor. The nearest residence to the project is approximately 700
metres north of the City Development Boundary and two kilometres from the Ajax
Projects proposed open pit. The City is separated from the mine by a height of land
generally demarcated by the City Development Boundary.
The quality of the air is judged by comparing measurements against government
objectives designed to minimize health risks and annoyance. Historic air quality
1
monitoring shows the air quality in Kamloops is generally good, although there are
brief periods of fair and sometimes poor air quality each year.
Overall the communitys air meets the low health risk category of the federal Air
Quality Health Index for the vast majority (94 per cent) of the year. This index was
developed by Health Canada and Environment Canada, in collaboration with provinces and other stakeholders. The index is available online (http://www.ec.gc.ca/
cas-aqhi) and provides daily information for Kamloops and other communities.
Poor air quality is an existing concern in Kamloops and the surrounding area. Local
residents, doctors, and city staff have expressed concern that the Projects emissions of particles and gasses may add to existing levels of air pollution.
f Study Areas
To focus the air quality study on areas most likely to be affected by the Project, the
air quality specialists defined local and regional study areas (Figure 10.1.1).
The Local Study Area (LSA) encompasses an area 30 kilometres by 30 kilometres
centred on the Project site. This area extends from near Cherry Creek in the west, to
the Pineridge Golf Course (near Barnhartvale) in the east, and from North Kamloops
to Lac le Jeune in the south. This 900-square-kilometre area includes Aberdeen,
Sahali, Knutsford, downtown Kamloops, Valleyview, Sun Rivers, and much of North
Kamloops and Kamloops Indian Reserve #1 (IR 1).
The Regional Study Area (RSA) extends farther than the LSA to capture any potential
emission sources outside the LSA that might add to pollution inside the LSA. The
RSA is 70 kilometres east to west, and 55 kilometres north to south, and captures
most of the city of Kamloops except for the Westsyde and Rayleigh neighbourhoods,
which lie north of the RSA and outside the potential air quality effects of the Project.
Its shape is designed to account for the fact that prevailing southwesterly winds will
blow particles and gasses originating at the Project site to the northeast.
The assessment largely looked at potential changes to ambient air quality at the perimeter of the mine site and beyond, and not within the mine site itself. One exception
is Jacko Lake, as it is accessible by the public despite being inside the mine property.
f Phases
The air quality assessment focused on the construction and operations phases of the
Project, as emissions associated with decommissioning and closure, and post-closure
of the mine will be small in comparison.
Levels and types of activity at the site vary from year to year. For this reason,
the types and amounts of air emissions will vary from year to year as well. The
assessment focused specifically on the worst-case years of the construction
and operations phases, based on a review of the activities planned for each year.
Focusing on the worst-case years allows the specialists to come up with the most
conservative assessment (in other words, showing the maximum and widest range
2
Figure 10.1-2
Figure 10.1- 2
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Pipeline
-8Current
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Development
Boundary
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
- Current
Watercourse
City
of
Kamloops
Boundary
Highway
Railway
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
-Current
Current
Copper-Gold
Underground
Mine
Overpass
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Watercourse
Pit
Outline
Overburden
Stockpile
Watercourse
Railway
City
Development
Boundary
0
2.5
5
7.5 Kilometres
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
City
Development
Boundary
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Overpass
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
Rerouted
Highway
Watercourse
SCALE
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
Rerouted
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
Rerouted
Highway
City
of
Kamloops
Boundary
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Plant
Site
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
-Current
Rerouted
Pit
Outline
Limestone
Mine
Watercourse
City
of
Kamloops
Boundary
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Waterbody
City
of
Kamloops
Boundary
Highway
Ore
Stockpile
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
Watercourse
Stockpile
Natural
Gas
Line
location)
(approx.
Highway
Natural
Gas
Line
(approx.
location)
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
Current
City
of
Kamloops
Boundary
Natural
Gas
Line
(approx.
location)
Reclamation
Stockpile
Plant
Site
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
City
of
Kamloops
Boundary
Waterbody
Pipeline
Current
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
Rerouted
City
Development
Boundary
Natural
Gas
Line
(approx.
location)
Waterbody
Provincial
Park/Reserve
City
ofMorgan
Kamloops
Boundary
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Overburden
Stockpile
Overburden
Stockpile
Ore
Stockpile
Waterbody
Kinder
Pipeline
- Current
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Railway
1. BASE MAP: GOVERNMENT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.
2. COORDINATE GRID IS IN METRES.
COORDINATE SYSTEM: NAD83 UTM, ZONE 10 NORTH, METER.
3. THIS FIGURE IS PRODUCED AT A NOMINAL SCALE OF 1:240,000
FOR 11x17 (TABLOID) PAPER. ACTUAL SCALE MAY DIFFER
ACCORDING TO CHANGES IN PRINTER SETTINGS OR
PRINTED PAPER SIZE.
4. CONTAINS INFORMATION LICENSED UNDER THE OPEN
GOVERNMENT LICENCE - BRITISH COLUMBIA AND CANADA
Topsoil
Stockpile
Reclamation
Stockpile
Railway
CityStockpile
of
Kamloops
Boundary
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
Current
Ore
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
---Rerouted
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
Railway
Proposed
Structures
(Year
8(MRSF)
Operation)
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
Rerouted
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Natural
Gas
Line
(approx.
location)
Highway
Railway
Outline
Pit
Outline
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
Overburden
Stockpile
Topsoil
Stockpile
Waterbody
Watercourse
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Proposed
Structures
(Year
Operation)
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
- Rerouted
Waterbody
Proposed
Structures
(Year
88 Operation)
Watercourse
Overburden
Stockpile
Waterbody
Natural
Gas
Line
(approx.
location)
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
Rerouted
Ore
Stockpile
Watercourse
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Natural
GasInc.
Line
(approx.
location)
Railway
KGHM
Ajax
Mining
Waterbody
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
- -Current
Overpass
Plant
Site
Proposed
Structures
(Year
8 Operation)
Watercourse
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
Plant
Site
City
of
Kamloops
Boundary
Pit
Outline
Pit
Outline
Natural
Gas
Line
(approx.
location)
City
of
Kamloops
Boundary
Waterbody
Overpass
Railway
Natural
Gas
Line
(approx.
location)
Overburden
Stockpile
City
of
Kamloops
Boundary
Waterbody
Reclamation
Stockpile
Railway
Watercourse
Waterbody
Kinder
Morgan
Pipeline
- Rerouted
Proposed
Structures
(Year
Operation)
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Proposed
Structures
(Year
888Operation)
Structures
(Year
Operation)
Reclamation
Stockpile
City
ofSite
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Boundary
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
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Site
Overpass
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Proposed
Structures
(Year
8 Operation)
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Railway
Watercourse
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Topsoil
Stockpile
Pit
Outline
Railway
Facility
(Alternate)
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Watercourse
City
of Structures
Kamloops
Boundary
Natural
Gas
Line
(approx.
location)
Waterbody
Topsoil
Stockpile
Reclamation
Stockpile
Proposed
(Year
8 Operation)
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Reclamation
Stockpile
Overpass
Overpass
Overpass
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
Proposed
Structures
(Year
8 Operation)
Waterbody
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Watercourse
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Proposed
Structures
(Year
8
Operation)
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
City
of
Kamloops
Boundary
Plant
Site
Waterbody
Watercourse
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
City
of Kamloops
Boundary
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility (MRSF)
(MRSF)
Railway
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
Topsoil
Stockpile
Topsoil
Stockpile
Proposed
Structures
(Year
8 Operation)
Waterbody
Overpass
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Ore
Stockpile
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
City
of
Kamloops
Boundary
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
Proposed
Structures
(Year
8
Operation)
Overpass
Reclamation
Stockpile
City
of| GIS
Kamloops
Boundary
Proj
# 123510762-0001
# AJX-15EAR-048a_T_ST
123510762-001_LSA_RSA
Ore
Stockpile
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Waterbody
Watercourse
Tailings
Storage
Facility
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
Overpass
Proj
# 0230366-0016
| Graphics
#
Overpass
Ore
Stockpile
Proposed
Structures
(Year(TSF)
8(Alternate)
Operation)
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
Explosives
Facility
Provincial
Park/Reserve
NOTES:Waterbody
Proposed
Structures
(Year
8
Operation)
Overburden
Stockpile
Overpass
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
Topsoil
Stockpile
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility(MRSF)
(MRSF)
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Ore
Stockpile
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
City
of Kamloops
Boundary
Waterbody
Overburden
Stockpile
1. BASE MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OF
BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
Overpass
Overburden
Stockpile
Proposed
Structures
(Year
8 Operation)
2. COORDINATE
GRID
IS IN METRES.
NOTES:
Waterbody
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Ore
Stockpile
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Mine
Rock
Facility
Overpass
COORDINATE
SYSTEM:
NAD83
UTM, Storage
ZONE
10
NORTH, (MRSF)
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF) (MRSF)
Ore
Stockpile
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
Pit
Outline
1. BASE
MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OF BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
Waterbody
Ore
Stockpile
Provincial
Park/Reserve
Proposed
Structures
(Year
8 METER.
Operation)
Pit
Outline
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
Overburden
Stockpile
Ore
Stockpile
3. COORDINATE
THIS FIGURE
IS
PRODUCED
AT AFacility
NOMINAL
SCALE
OF 1:240,000
2.
GRID
IS
IN
METRES.
Explosives
(Alternate)
Overpass
Proposed
Structures
(Year
8METER.
Operation)
Pit
Outline
FOR 11x17Mine
(TABLOID)
PAPER.
SCALE
MAY
DIFFER
COORDINATE
SYSTEM:
NAD83ACTUAL
UTM,
ZONE
10Facility
NORTH,
Rock
Storage
(MRSF)
Overburden
Stockpile
Ore
Stockpile
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Ore
Stockpile
Overburden
Stockpile
TO
CHANGES
INATPRINTER
SETTINGS
OR
Waterbody
Proposed
Structures
(Year
8Facility
Operation)
3. ACCORDING
THIS FIGURE
IS PRODUCED
A NOMINAL
SCALE OF
1:240,000
Overpass
Plant
Site
Overburden
Stockpile
Mine
Rock
Storage
(MRSF)
Plant
Site
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
Ore
Stockpile
PRINTED
SIZE.
Pit
Outline
Proposed
Structures
(Year
8 Operation)
FOR
11x17PAPER
(TABLOID)
PAPER. ACTUAL
SCALE
MAY
DIFFER
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Overburden
Stockpile
Overpass
Ore
Stockpile
Overburden
4. ACCORDING
CONTAINS
INFORMATION
LICENSED
UNDER
THEFacility
OPEN
Plant
Site
TO CHANGES
IN Stockpile
PRINTER
SETTINGS
OR
Mine
Rock
Storage
(MRSF)
Pit
Outline
Overpass
Pit
Outline
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Overburden
Stockpile
LICENCE
- BRITISH
COLUMBIA
GOVERNMENT
AND CANADA
PRINTED
PAPER
SIZE.
Reclamation
Stockpile
Reclamation
Stockpile
Ore
Stockpile
Proposed
Structures
(Year
8 Operation)
Pit
Outline
Overpass
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
NOTES:
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Overburden
Stockpile
Pit
Outline
4. CONTAINS
INFORMATION
LICENSED
UNDER
THE
OPEN
Plant
Site
Overburden
Stockpile
Pit
Outline
Ore
Stockpile
0
2.5
5
7.5
Kilometres
1. BASE
MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OF
BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
Ore
Stockpile
GOVERNMENT
LICENCE
-Site
BRITISH
COLUMBIA
AND
CANADA (MRSF)
Reclamation
Stockpile
Plant
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Plant
SCALE
Pit
Outline
2.
COORDINATE
GRID
ISSite
IN Stockpile
METRES.
Overburden
Stockpile
Overpass
Topsoil
Topsoil
Stockpile
Plant
Site
NOTES:
Ore
Stockpile
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
Pit
Outline
Plant
0
2.5Site
5 ZONE
7.5
Kilometres
Pit
Outline
COORDINATE
SYSTEM:
NAD83 UTM,
10 NORTH,
METER.
Reclamation
Stockpile
1.NOTES:
BASE
MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OFStockpile
BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
Plant
Site
Overburden
SCALE
Ore
Stockpile
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
Reclamation
Stockpile
Topsoil
Stockpile
3.
THIS FIGURE
IS PRODUCED
AT
A NOMINAL
SCALE
OF 1:240,000
Reclamation
Stockpile
Reclamation
Stockpile
Overburden
Stockpile
2.1.COORDINATE
GRID
ISSite
IN METRES.
Explosives
Facility
(Alternate)
Pit
Outline
Plant
NOTES:
Overburden
Stockpile
Mine
Rock
Storage
Facility
(MRSF)
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
Plant
Site
Ore
Stockpile
BASE
MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OF
BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
FOR 11x17
(TABLOID)
PAPER.
ACTUAL
SCALE
MAY
DIFFER (TSF)
Tailings
Storage
Facility
COORDINATE
SYSTEM:
UTM,
ZONE
10 NORTH,
METER.
Reclamation
Stockpile
Plant
1.2.BASE
MAP:
GOVERNMENT
BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
COORDINATE
GRID
IS Site
INNAD83
METRES.
ACCORDING
TO
CHANGES
INOF
PRINTER
SETTINGS
OR
Pit
Outline
Topsoil
Stockpile
Overburden
Stockpile
Ore
Stockpile
Topsoil
Stockpile
Reclamation
Stockpile
Topsoil
Stockpile
3. THIS
FIGURE
IS
PRODUCED
ATUTM,
A NOMINAL
SCALE
OF
1:240,000
Tailings
Storage
(TSF)
Topsoil
Stockpile
Mine
Rock
Storage
(MRSF)
PRINTED
PAPER
SIZE.
COORDINATE
SYSTEM:
NAD83
ZONEFacility
10Facility
NORTH,
METER.
2.
COORDINATE
GRID
IS IN
METRES.
Plant
Site
Reclamation
Stockpile
Pit
Outline
Ore
Stockpile
Overburden
Stockpile
Reclamation
Stockpile
11x17
(TABLOID)
PAPER.
SCALE
DIFFER
4.FOR
CONTAINS
INFORMATION
LICENSED
UNDER
THE
OPEN
3.
THIS
FIGURE
IS
PRODUCED
ATACTUAL
AUTM,
NOMINAL
SCALE
OF
1:240,000
COORDINATE
SYSTEM:
NAD83
ZONE
10MAY
NORTH,
METER.
Pit
Outline
Topsoil
Stockpile
Reclamation
Stockpile
Pit
Outline
Plant
Site
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
Overburden
Stockpile
ACCORDING
TO
CHANGES
IN
PRINTER
SETTINGS
OR
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
- BRITISH
GOVERNMENT
AND
FOR
11x17
(TABLOID)
PAPER.
ACTUAL
SCALE
MAYCANADA
DIFFER
3. THIS
FIGURE
ISLICENCE
PRODUCED
AT
ACOLUMBIA
NOMINAL
SCALE
OF
1:240,000
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
Ore
Stockpile
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
Reclamation
Stockpile
Topsoil
Stockpile
Topsoil
Stockpile
Plant
Site
Pit
Overburden
Stockpile
PRINTED
SIZE.
ACCORDING
TOOutline
CHANGES
IN PRINTER
SETTINGS
OR
FOR
11x17PAPER
PAPER.
ACTUAL
SCALE
MAY
DIFFER
Topsoil
Stockpile
NOTES:
0(TABLOID)
2.5
5
7.5
Kilometres
Site
4. ACCORDING
CONTAINS
INFORMATION
LICENSED
UNDER
THE
OPEN
Reclamation
Stockpile
PRINTED Plant
PAPER
SIZE.
KGHM
Ajax
Mining
Inc.
Pit
Outline
Topsoil
Stockpile
Tailings
Storage
Facility
TO CHANGES
INStockpile
PRINTER
SETTINGS
OR (TSF)
1.SCALE
BASE MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OF
BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
Overburden
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
Topsoil
Stockpile
Plant
Site
Reclamation
Stockpile
LICENCE
-LICENSED
BRITISH
COLUMBIA
AND
CANADA
4.GOVERNMENT
CONTAINS
INFORMATION
UNDER THE
OPEN
Plant
Site
Pit
Outline
PRINTED
PAPER
SIZE.
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
2. COORDINATE
GRID
IS IN
METRES.
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
KGHM
Mining
Inc.
GOVERNMENT
LICENCE
-Ajax
BRITISH
COLUMBIA
AND OPEN
CANADA
Reclamation
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4. COORDINATE
CONTAINS
INFORMATION
LICENSED
UNDER
THE
Topsoil
Stockpile
Plant
Site
0Tailings
2.5
5Facility
7.5
Kilometres
SYSTEM:
NAD83
UTM,
ZONE
10(TSF)
NORTH,
METER.
Pit
Outline
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
Tailings
Storage
Topsoil
Stockpile
GOVERNMENT
- BRITISH
CANADA
Reclamation
Stockpile
Plant
Site
0 LICENCE
2.5
5COLUMBIA
7.5AND
Kilometres
2015 August 12
DATE
PvL
DESIGNED
AU
SL
DJ
DRAWN
CHK'D
APP'D
REV
REF NO.
123510762-001_LSA_RSA
Reclamation
Tailings
StorageStockpile
Facility (TSF)
Reclamation Stockpile
2015 August 12
SCALE
3.
THISDATE
FIGURE
IS PRODUCED
AT A NOMINAL SCALE OF 1:240,000
Topsoil
Stockpile
SCALE
Reclamation
FOR
11x17
PAPER.Stockpile
ACTUAL
SCALE
MAY
2015 August
12
Plant
Site
0(TABLOID)
2.5
5Facility
7.5
Kilometres
PvL
SL
DJ DIFFER
AU
Tailings
Storage
(TSF)
Topsoil
Stockpile
DATE
ACCORDING
TO CHANGES
IN PRINTER
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DESIGNED
DRAWN
CHK'D
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Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
Topsoil
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PvL
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DJ
AU
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PRINTED
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Reclamation
Stockpile
123510762-001_LSA_RSA
REF
NO.
Storage
Facility
DESIGNED Tailings
DRAWN
CHK'D
APP'D
A OPEN
4. CONTAINS
INFORMATION
LICENSED
UNDER (TSF)
THE
REV
Tailings
Storage
(TSF)
LICENCE
- BRITISHFacility
COLUMBIA
GOVERNMENT
AND
CANADA
Stockpile
123510762-001_LSA_RSA
REF NO. Topsoil
Topsoil
Stockpile
Topsoil
Stockpile
years Year 4 and Year 8 to pred ct the poss b e max mum em ss ons based on the
KGHM
Ajax Mining
Inc. (TSF)
Tailings
Storage
Proj
#0Tailings
123510762-0001
| GIS #
#Facility
123510762-001_LSA_RSA
NOTES:
NOTES:
2.5
5AJX-15EAR-048a_T_ST
7.5 (TSF)
Kilometres
Proj
# 0230366-0016
| Graphics
Storage
Facility
Tailings
Storage
Facility
(TSF)
1.
MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OF
BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
NOTES:
1. BASE
BASE MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OF BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
SCALE
expected d stance o truck trave the amount o act ve mach nery and the vo ume
NOTES:
o rock and ore moved
2. How the Experts Conducted Their Study
A r qua ty ob ect ves have been estab shed by var ous eve s o government w th the
goa o contro ng r sks to human hea th and the env ronment For compounds that
are not a hea th concern e g dust a
the ob ect ves may be based on an aesthet c
or nu sance actor
For pro ects n B C there are both prov nc a and edera ob ect ves to cons der
These nc ude the Prov nc a A r Qua ty Ob ect ves the Nat ona Amb ent A r Qua ty
Ob ect ves and the Canad an Amb ent A r Qua ty Standards co ect ve y re erred to
Lake
Lake
as the government
ob ect ves
Hills
Forest
Forest
Lake
To conduct the assessment or the Pro ect a r qua ty spec a sts cons dered the
Proj # 123510762-0001 | GIS # 123510762-001_LSA_RSA
COORDINATE
GRID
IS IN |METRES.
Proj #
0230366-0016
Graphics
2.
GRID
IS
IN METRES.
1.2. COORDINATE
BASE
MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA.
2015 August
12
COORDINATE SYSTEM:
NAD83Ajax
UTM, ZONE
10 NORTH,
METER.
KGHM
Mining
Inc.
SYSTEM:
NAD83
UTM,
ZONE
10 NORTH, METER.
KGHM
Ajax
Mining
Inc.
DATE
2.3. COORDINATE
COORDINATE
GRID
IS AT
IN
THIS
FIGURE
IS PRODUCED
A METRES.
NOMINAL
SCALE
OF 1:240,000
NOTES:
1.
BASE
MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OF
BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
3.
THIS
FIGURE
IS PAPER.
PRODUCED
AT
1:240,000
SLA NOMINAL
DJ
AU
FORPvL
11x17
(TABLOID)
ACTUAL
SCALE
MAY
DIFFER
COORDINATE
SYSTEM:
NAD83
UTM,
ZONE
10 SCALE
NORTH,OF
METER.
1.
BASE
MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OF
BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
1.
BASE
MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OF
BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
2.
GRID
IN METRES.
1. COORDINATE
BASE
MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OF
BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
KGHM
Ajax
Mining
Inc.
FOR
11x17
(TABLOID)
ACTUAL
SCALE
DESIGNED
ACCORDING
TO
CHANGES
INPAPER.
PRINTER
SETTINGS
OR
DRAWNIS
CHK'D
APP'DMAY
3.
FIGURE
IS
PRODUCED
AT
A NOMINAL
SCALE
OFDIFFER
1:240,000
2. THIS
COORDINATE
GRID
IS IN
METRES.
2.
COORDINATE
GRID
IS
IN
METRES.
2.
GRID
IS INNAD83
METRES.
PRINTED
PAPER
SIZE.
1.2015
BASE
MAP:
GOVERNMENT
OF
BRITISH
COLUMBIA.
REV
COORDINATE
SYSTEM:
UTM,
ZONE
10
NORTH,
August
12
ACCORDING
TO
CHANGES
IN
PRINTER
SETTINGS
OR METER.
2015
August
12
COORDINATE
SYSTEM:
NAD83
UTM,
ZONE
10
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AJX-15EAR-048a_T_ST
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123510762-001_LSA_RSA
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most str ngent o the government ob ect ves to eva uate the ex st ng cond t ons and
3
the predicted effects of the Project. For PM2.5, the B.C. objectives are stricter than the
objectives used in the U.S., Europe and by the World Health Organization.
It is important to understand that these government objectives are designed to
reduce risks, and are not a rigid dividing line between good and bador healthy
and unhealthyair quality. In other words, a region with good air quality can have
periods where some levels may exceed the objectives. The air in remote, pristine
areas sometimes exceeds government objectives.
f Substances Included in the Assessment

To focus the air quality study on the key issues of potential concern, the specialists
included in their detailed assessment only those substances that could be released
by the Project and are potentially harmful to human health or the environment. It
is important to note that the largest source of emissions is haul trucksfrom both
the exhaust and the dust raised by travel on unpaved roads. There is no smelter
associated with the Project, and emissions from the actual processing of ore into
concentrate are small. The assessment is mostly about trucks and road dust.
The substances identified for study were selected by the air quality and human
health specialists in consultation with the BC Ministry of Environment and other
stakeholders. The list includes three types of gaseous emissions (sulphur dioxide,
oxides of nitrogen, and carbon monoxide), as well as fine particulate matter (PM10
and PM2.5), total suspended particulate matter (TSP), and dust. These are commonly
called Criteria Air Contaminants because there are government objectives set to
control them.
The Air Quality Effects Assessment has significant overlap with the Human Health Effects
Assessment (Section 10.4 of Chapter 10 of the Application/EIS), which builds on the
results of the air quality specialists predictions to determine how changes in air
quality could affect the health of people living in Kamloops and the surrounding
area. This includes people who live near the Project site or use the area for recreation, hunting, fishing, or other activities. The Human Health Effects Assessment also
looks at additional compounds including hydrocarbons from diesel exhaust, and
metals in dust and particulate matter.
Criteria Air Contaminants

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) is a colourless gas with no smell at low concentrations. It is
produced by burning substances that contain sulphur. Sources include equipment
that burns gasoline, diesel, and natural gas fuels. Petroleum refining and wood
pulping industries emit SO2. At high enough concentrations SO2 can have negative
effects on plant, animal and human health. It can also contribute to acid rain.
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) is a colourless, odourless gas. NOX includes nitrogen
dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO). NOX is a by-product of any kind of combustion,
including wildfires, internal combustion engines, and the use of explosives. Nitrogen
dioxide can irritate breathing at higher concentrations.
4
Carbon Monoxide (CO) is also a colourless, odourless gas, and it is also a by-product
of combustion. This substance is not toxic in the atmosphere as it is found in much
lower concentrations.
Particulate Matter (PM) is classified based on the diameter of the particle. PM
includes TSP, PM10 and PM2.5. Total Suspended Particulate or TSP are particles 40
microns (m) in diameter and smaller. Inhalable Particulate or PM10 are particles 10 m
in diameter and smaller, and Respirable Particulate or PM2.5 are particles 2.5 m in
diameter and smaller. Particles larger than 40 m are usually classified as dust or
dustfall (DF). Dust typically settles to the ground close to the source.
Generally, large particles settle out from the air close to the source of emission. Finer
particulate matter, however, can stay suspended in the air for a long time. Very fine
particles are easily inhaled and move deep into the lungs. They can negatively affect
respiratory health. The main concern about dustfall from the mine is that it includes
substances (e.g. metals) that will be transferred to nearby soil, water, and plants.
Ultra-fine particles (less than 0.1m) are a category of increasing interest to human
health specialists and are captured within the assessment of PM2.5. Ultra-fine particles
are very short-lived in the air, and travel only short distances before they accumulate
into larger particles. There are no government objectives for ultra-fine particulate.
How Big is a Micron?

PM10 and PM2.5 refer to the size of the particles,
measured in microns (also called micrometres,
abbreviated as m).
How big is a micron? 1 micron = 1 millionth of
a metre, or 1/1000 of a millimetre = 0.00004
inches.
1 grain of salt = 100 m
1 strand of hair = 50-70 m
PM10 particles are 10 m or smaller. This is about

the size of a pollen, mold, or household dust
particle, or a single grain of talcum powder.
1 pollen = approximately 10 m
PM2.5 particles are 2.5 m or smaller. These

particles are not visible to the human eye and
can only be seen with an electron microscope.
A particle of tobacco smoke is about 1 m in
size. In large amounts, PM2.5 can often be seen
as smog or haze.
1 particle of smoke = approximately 1 m
f Input From Stakeholders

KGHM Ajax Mining (KAM) understands that air quality is an important issue in Kamloops and that many local residents have concerns about existing and future air
quality in the community. The City of Kamloops published its Airshed Management
Plan in 2013 with the aim of protecting and improving air quality in the community.
The air quality specialists took the Citys plan into consideration. The air quality studies
and modelling undertaken for the Ajax Project add considerable local knowledge
about existing air quality. The model developed for this assessment is a powerful
tool to aid in future air quality management planning. KAM will make a complete
electronic copy of the model available to the City and the BC MOE.
Concerns about potential changes to air quality, and related effects on human
health, have been expressed by the members of the public, local community groups,
Interior Health, and other stakeholders. Concerns generally relate to the existing
conditions in the Kamloops area, as the community can experience periods of poor
air quality (usually in the winter), or due to smoke from forest fires or slash burning.
Local stakeholders have been vocal about their concerns about air quality and the
risk that the Project may lead to greater challenges for the Kamloops area, particularly
during times when the existing air quality is already poor.
f Sources of Data
Monitoring Stations
To understand how the Project might affect air quality in the area, specialists first
needed to understand existing air quality. To determine the state of existing air
quality in the Kamloops area, historic data from monitoring stations around the
Kamloops area was assembled. These monitoring stations provide many years of air
quality data for the city and surrounding area. Data was collected from three monitoring stations in the city operated by the BC MOE in cooperation with the National Air
Pollution Surveillance Program (or NAPS). They are located in Brocklehurst, at Fire
Station No. 2 (on Tranquille Road), and at the Federal Building downtown. These
monitoring stations provided measurements of SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, PM2.5, and TSP
over a number of years. KAM has also set up monitoring stations to measure dustfall
around the Project site, and these data are summarized in the report.
The BC MOE recently installed a new monitoring station in upper Aberdeen, which
will be a valuable source of future air quality data in the city and close to the Project.
KAM also recently installed a station on the Project property to characterize existing
air quality. While this data was not available in time to be described in this report it
will be of interest in the future.
Existing Sources of Emissions

Air quality specialists catalogued the main sources of human-caused emissions of
particulate and gasses in the Kamloops area by source type. These are:
6
Industrial Activities: Local forest industries including Tolko, Savona Specialty

Plywood, Thompson River Veneer Products, and the Domtar pulp mill, as well as
Suncors petroleum distribution terminal, Spectra Energy, Absorbent Products, the
Lafarge cement plant, the New Afton mine, and two landfills. All of these operations
are within the air quality RSA.
Transportation: Diesel and gasoline emissions from both light-duty and heavyduty vehicles on roads and highways. Also includes fine particles emitted from
vehicle tires and brakes, and railway traffic.
Road Dust: Traffic on paved roads stirs up dust. Dust from the Yellowhead/Coquihalla Highway (Hwy 5), the Old Merritt Highway (Highway 5A), Lac le Jeune Road,
and city roads are included. Dust particles from unpaved roads were not considered as they are relatively minor and far from the City.
Land Disturbance: Dust can also be stirred up when land is disturbed for construction of buildings or infrastructure, and in areas where there is little vegetation
covering the ground. This includes local landfills, parts of the New Afton mine, and
parts of the historic Afton mine site.
Heating: Burning of primarily natural gas to heat homes and businesses. This also
accounts for the small proportion of heating done locally by burning wood.
Global/Regional Background
To account for emission sources outside of the assessment area that affect air quality, the specialists added a representative value to the modelling based on local
measurements. This approach ensures that all sources of emissions are properly
considered in the base case modelling.
f Modelling Air Quality

Dispersion modelling was used to estimate or to predict the downwind concentration
of substances emitted from existing and proposed sources of emissions in the RSA.
A dispersion model is a mathematical simulation of how air contaminants disperse in
the atmosphere. It is performed with computer programs that simulate atmospheric
dispersion, deposition to ground by settling or rainfall, and chemical transformations.
Dispersion models are important tools used to protect and manage air quality. The
models are typically employed to determine whether existing or proposed new
industrial facilities are or will be in compliance with the government objectives. The
CALPUFF modelling system was used in this study, as recommended by the BC MOE.
All modelling is consistent with BC MOE guidelines, and a detailed modelling plan was
approved by the BC MOE.
Air Quality Models

The CALPUFF modelling system is really two models: CALMET and CALPUFF. CALMET
is a model that simulates how the atmosphere behaves hour-by-hour; in this case
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over three years (2003-2005). The CALPUFF model works with the CALMET model to
predict how far emissions can travel and how quickly they can disperse for all 26,304
hours over those three years.
The air quality specialists set up the models to be very conservative, meaning the model errs on the side of caution. Where assumptions were made, the
specialists chose the worst-case scenario so the effects are more likely to be
overestimated than underestimated. The researchers have a high degree of
confidence that the model captures the potential effects of the Project, and
that the actual effects will be lower than the predicted effects described in this
assessment.
Model Scenarios
Three different scenarios were modelled:
Base Case: This case represents the existing air quality conditions from emission sources inside the RSA and does not include any influence from the Project.
Most existing sources of emissions within the RSA were simulated; however it
is not possible to model things like distant forest fires or dust transported from
very large distances away. As previously mentioned above, the influence that
emissions from outside the RSA have on local air quality was accounted for by
adding a global/regional background value to the predictions based on local air
quality measurements.
Project Case: In this case only emissions from the Project are modelled. It
includes one scenario for construction, and another for mine operations assuming worst-case emissions.
Application Case: The Application Case combines the results of the Base Case
and the Project Case on an hour-by-hour basis to predict future air quality
effects. Since two Project Cases are considered, there are two Application
Case scenarios: one for the construction phase, and one for the operations
phase.
The air quality report lists and graphically illustrates the predicted results from
each scenario. Tables show what the highest predicted concentrations are in the
RSA and how they compare to government objectives. Maps show where the
highest predictions occur, and how these concentrations change over the region.
3. Pre-Project Conditions
Industrial activities contribute the majority of SO2, NOX, and PM2.5 emitted in the RSA.
Transportation (car, truck, and train exhaust) are important contributors, especially
with respect to CO and NOX. Road dust from paved roads and land disturbance
are big contributors to TSP and PM10 totals. Heating emissions are an important
component of SO2 and PM2.5 levels. Figure 10.1.2 shows the relative contributions of
each of these sources.
8
Figure 10.1.2
Relative Contributions to Baseline
Emissions in the RSA
Legend
Industrial Emissions
Transportation Emissions
Heating Emissions
Paved Roads
Land Disturbance
The base case modelling results show good agreement with local measurements,
increasing confidence in the CALPUFF model. Predicted concentrations of SO2, NO2,
and CO are lowless than government objectives, as they are in reality.
Particulate matter predictions are generally low, but at times exceed the government
objectives. The frequency of exceedance is consistent with historic measurements.
Dustfall is greater than the government objective for 58 per cent of the year while
TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 exceed objectives less than five per cent of the year. These
exceedances are a result of local domestic and industrial emissions accumulating in
periods of poor dispersion.
The pattern of maximum predicted concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 shows good
agreement with local measurements. The valley bottom locations have consistently
higher concentrations than the upper reaches of the valley walls. The region of the
Project has some of the lowest predicted concentrations in the RSA. This is perhaps
the most interesting finding of the Base Case study: it reveals in detail the patterns
of air quality in the City of Kamloops only hinted at in previous studies.
It also shows that while industrial emissions are substantial (e.g., NO2 and SO2), it is
emissions from space heating and transportation that have the greatest influence
on air quality at ground level. Similarly, while industrial emissions of PM2.5 make up
half the total emitted in the RSA, it is PM2.5 from heating, transportation, and sources
outside the RSA (the global/regional background) that is responsible for most of the
PM2.5 at ground level.
These are new and exciting findings. While counter-intuitive on the surface, this
research shows that industrial emissions are well dispersed by the time they reach
ground level. On the other hand, tens of thousands of furnaces, cars, and trucks
(that are at or near ground level)plus PM2.5 from outside the RSAhave a profound effect on air quality at ground level.
9
The maximum predicted concentrations of PM2.5 occur in winter months, consistent with measurements of PM2.5. Measurements show that PM2.5 is typically greater
in winter than summer months. Exceptions include periods in summer/fall when
forest fires and slash burning are active.
The modelling and measurements show the valley bottom is affected both by sources
outside the region and domestic and industrial sources of emissions in the City. In
contrast, the Project site is consistent with the global/regional background. It is largely
unaffected by domestic or industrial sources in the City.
4. Potential Effects to Air Quality

The air quality specialists modelled three different scenarios as part of the air quality
assessment. The Base Case scenario is described above and represents the existing
conditions in the Kamloops area. Next, the model was used to predict the emissions
of the Project alone (the Project Case). These results were then combined hour-byhour with the Base Case to show a future changed as a result of the Project (the
Application Case).
f Project Case
The Project Case was modelled for both the construction phase and the operations
phase. To evaluate the Project Case (construction and operations), the air quality
specialists worked with KAMs engineering team to identify the various Project components and activities that would lead to air emissions and therefore influence air
quality. The model considers the location and emission rates of various sources (e.g.,
individual sources such as a stack on the roof of the processing plant, roads, and
dust from exposed areas such as the tailings and mine rock storage facilities).
One large source of Project-related air emissions (for both construction and operations)
is diesel-powered heavy equipment (e.g., haul trucks). Haul truck exhaust and dust created by trucks travelling on haul roads are the two main sources of particulate and gasses.
Construction Phase
The model showed that the for the Projects construction phase for the Project
alone, predictions are below government objectives for SO2, NO2, CO, Dustfall, TSP,
and PM2.5. For PM10, the 24-hour average concentrations are expected to exceed the
government objective on approximately two days of the year in a small area close
to the Project. This is predicted to occur in the winter (January) in an uninhabited
area on the northeastern edge of the mine site. For project construction alone, PM10
levels are predicted to be well below government objectives in all inhabited areas
surrounding the mine site and throughout Kamloops.
Operations Phase
The Project Case predictions for the operations phase of the Projectbased on the
10
worst-case emissions for this phaseshowed the predicted concentrations of SO2,

NO2, CO and Dustfall are less than government objectives. The maximum predicted
concentrations of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 are greater than government objectives. These
exceedances are predicted to occur for less than seven per cent of the year, generally in the winter months. The areas where concentrations above the government
objectives are predicted to occur are to the northeast of the mine property, largely
in undeveloped grasslands. The area in exceedance for TSP and PM10 extend northeast past the City Development Boundary and cover parts of upper Aberdeen. The
exceedance area for PM2.5 does not extend past the City Development Boundary.
f Application Case
The Application Case results are the Project Case results (construction and operations) superimposed onto the Base Case results (existing emissions in the RSA plus
global/regional background). It represents a worst-case prediction of current air
quality with the effects of the Project added.
Since the Application Case is a combination of the Base Case and Project Case, many
of the same trends are evident here. It is important to note that, as in the Base
Case, there are exceedances predicted in the downtown area for Dustfall, TSP, PM10,
and PM2.5. The addition of the Project does not appreciably worsen these predicted
exceedances in the downtown area. Project effects are most clearly evident in the
upper Aberdeen area. Effects in the Downtown are not discussed further.
As for the Base Case and Project Case, the Application Case will not result in exceedances of SO2, NO2, or CO. These substances are not discussed further.
Construction Phase
Generally, the Project construction has little effect on air quality in the built-up urban
area of Kamloops. Exceedances of TSP and PM10 are predicted to occur in undeveloped grasslands.
The Application Case Construction (the sum of the Project Construction Case and
the Base Case) demonstrates that the Project construction has a small effect on
existing air quality in the city. These results are nearly indistinguishable from Base
Case results. The PM10 exceedance northeast of the mine boundary becomes larger,
and TSP (which was below government objectives) now exceeds them on the mine
boundary.
Operations Phase
The Application Case Operations (the sum of the Operations Case and the Base
Case) demonstrates that the Project operations have a limited effect on existing air
quality in the city. The Application Case Operations results are nearly indistinguishable from Base Case results beyond upper Aberdeen. The exceedances of TSP, PM10
and PM2.5 beyond the Project boundary become larger, increasing in size, and in
predicted frequency of exceedance.
11
Despite the Projects effects in the Application CaseOperations, air quality in

upper Aberdeen is predicted to remain good. Air quality there remains better
than in most other areas in the City of Kamloops. The Projects predicted effects
in upper Sahali, Downtown, and the North Shore are likely too small to be
measurable.
City-wide, the addition of the mine increases the predicted annual average PM2.5 by
2.3 per cent (from 6.2 to 6.4 micrograms per cubic metre). The long-term year-toyear variability in annual average PM2.5 is plus or minus 14 per cent. The increase
in PM2.5 attributable to the addition of the mine is predicted to be one-sixth of the
natural year-to-year variability.
For the Application Case Operations, the federal Air Quality Health Index
(AQHI) is predicted to be in the Low Health Risk category for 97.1 per cent of the
year. Comparing the measured and predicted federal AQHI before and after the
Project demonstrates that the Project has little effect on the overall air quality
in Kamloops.
Considering the conservative nature of the dispersion assessment, concentrations
in excess of the government objective attributable to the Project Operations will
likely be limited to the northeast plant boundary, nearby undeveloped grasslands,
and to a lesser extent in upper Aberdeen. The remainder of the City is largely unaffected by Project Operations. The Project has little effect on the overall air quality
in Kamloops.
Changes in PM2.5 are the primary concern for the Project from a health perspective.
The assessment predicts that the Project will not cause PM2.5 to exceed the government objectives in any existing residential areas. Further, the assessment shows
that the Projects overall contribution to PM2.5 is relatively minor compared to other
sources both within and outside the RSA.
5. How KAM Proposes to Manage Effects on Air Quality

Air emissions from the Project will be mitigated by adjusting the design and engineering of the Project, and by implementing additional measures to minimize and control
emissions. In addition to the measures described below (with further detail provided
in Air Quality Effects Assessment Section 10.1 of Chapter 10 of the Application/EIS),
KAM will ensure that the Projects activities and emissions adhere to all permits,
authorizations, and approvals related to air quality. The specific air quality requirements for the Projectincluding enforceable limits on emissions and requirements
for monitoring and reportingwill be developed by provincial and federal government agencies before construction on the Project begins.
The Project design and mitigation measures described below have already been
included in the modelling exercise and therefore are already represented in the
results. The model allowed the specialists to see the effects of different mitigation
strategies and design changes so that KAM was able to make numerous adjustments to optimize the performance of the Project.
12
Project Design
Design-based mitigation measures will be used for various components of the mill and
process plant. This includes covering the conveyor belt that carries ore from the crusher to the processing plant so that dust cannot escape, and covering the ore stockpiles.
Dust collectors will also be installed at various facilities. Other measures include the use
of covered trucks carrying concentrate from the site, using larger trucks so that fewer
trips are needed, minimizing the length of haul roads, constructing roads with gravel or
other coarse materials, and strategically placing stockpiles to minimize wind exposure.
Additional Mitigation
The daily activities at the Project site will use practices that reduce air emissions.
This will include watering of unpaved road surfaces to supress dust, reducing the
idling of vehicles and equipment, and keeping equipment in good operating condition
with regular maintenance. Progressive reclamation and revegetation of the mine site,
where practical, will also be employed in order to reduce the total area of exposed
surfaces subject to wind erosion.
Air Quality Monitoring and Management

An Air Quality Monitoring and Dust Control Plan will be an important part of the
Projects environmental management system, and includes a number of additional
measures to address potential issues and concerns related to air quality. The plan
describes the best management practices and mitigation measures outlined above,
and how they will be implemented at the Project site.
The management plan includes KAMs commitment to establish a complaints procedure so that concerns from the public can be expressed to the company, and
resolved in a timely manner. The plan also describes the monitoring programs that
will be undertaken. Monitoring stations around the Project site have already been
used in the collection of air quality data, and will ultimately form part of a broader air
quality monitoring network for the Project. The plan will be adaptive, meaning that it
will be adjusted as needed in order to ensure that air quality effects and concerns are
managed to the best of the companys ability.
Specific air quality monitoring requirements will be determined during the permitting
process, in collaboration with provincial authorities in compliance with the conditions
of the air emissions permit for the Project. A detailed monitoring program will be
defined through this process, and will include a schedule for reporting the monitoring results to the authorities. Monitoring will measure air emissions including dust
and particulate matter, and the results will be made available to the public. This will
also be used to assess the effectiveness of the Projects mitigation and management
measures so they can be adjusted to ensure the best performance.
Data Sharing
Although the air quality specialists have developed and used the air dispersion model
specifically to evaluate the effects of the Project, the model itself is a sophisticated
13
tool for understanding air quality influences in the Kamloops area. The model is
more comprehensive than anything currently available, and will be a useful tool for
both the BC MOE and the City of Kamloops in their efforts to develop effective air
quality management strategies for the city and region. KAM will share the model files
so this valuable resource can be used for future airshed planning purposes.
6. Effects That Could Remain After Mitigation Efforts

The modelling shows the Project will not have a significant effect on NO2, SO2, or CO
levels in the LSA or RSA. However, even with implementation of mitigation measures
to manage dust and particulate matter, there will be some increases in dust, TSP,
and fine particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5). From a health perspective (assessed
in Section 10.4 of the Application/EIS) the main concern for human health is PM2.5,
for which the Projects contribution will be relatively minor. Although existing conditions at lower elevations of Kamloops already exceed the PM2.5 objectives at times,
the influence of the Project will not lead to new exceedances in Aberdeen or other
neighbourhoods close to the Project.
Similar to the existing conditions, increases in dust, TSP, and fine particulate matter
are predicted to occur in winter or during other periods of poor dispersion. Around
the mine site, levels of contaminants that exceed the government objectives will
occur in undeveloped and uninhabited grasslands surrounding the Project. At some
times, exceedances of TSP and PM10 objectives may be experienced at the southern
edge of the Aberdeen neighbourhood, where the maximum levels will be very comparable to the levels that can currently be experienced in lower elevations including
downtown and North Kamloops.
The predictions of the assessment are based on the CALPUFF modelling system.
Comparison against measurements has shown that the model is extremely capable
of replicating existing local air quality. The work has been conducted in a conservative
fashion, to err on the side of caution and predict the worst-case outcomes. As such,
the conclusions of the assessment overestimate the potential changes to air quality.
The actual changes that will result from the Project are expected to be lower in both
concentration and duration. Most importantly, the predictions of the assessment
especially the conclusions related to TSP and fine particulate matterwill support
KAM in actively managing air quality on-site as a daily activity. Actual effects on air
quality will be monitored and activities and mitigation measures will be adjusted to
optimize the Projects performance.
7. Ajax and the Effects of Other Developments

The specialists who developed the air quality model took a very comprehensive
approach to the Base Case model, and included most of the existing emission
sources located within the RSA, and also adjusted the model to account for emission
sources outside the RSA that may affect air quality. This is a more detailed analysis
than is commonly applied to mining projects. As a result, effects of existing activities
14
are already captured within the Base Case model and are therefore considered
throughout the assessment.
The specialists also considered potential future projects (currently planned for
development), but did not identify any activities that would further affect air quality.
Activities such as the proposed expansion of the Highland Valley Copper mine near
Logan Lake, or the proposed Harper Creek mine near Clearwater are all far outside
of the RSA. The specialists determined they will not affect air quality in the LSA or
RSA. Therefore, no potential cumulative effects are identified for air quality.
15
Access the Summaries
Key sections of the KGHM Ajax Environmental Assessment have

been summarized and made available to the public:
f View the Summaries Online

ajaxmine.ca
f Request a Copy
Request copies of individual chapters:
ajax.project@kghm.com
250-374-5446
f View a Copy
The following locations have a copy of each Plain Language
Summary available to read during their business hours:
KGHM Ajax
TNRD Library
Head Office
Downtown Kamloops
124 Seymour Street
100-465 Victoria Street
Kamloops, BC
Kamloops, BC
City of Kamloops
TNRD Library
City Hall
North Kamloops
7 Victoria Street West
693 Tranquille Road
Kamloops, BC
Kamloops, BC

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10.1 Air Quality

Economic and Social Benefits of the Project

Business Effects Assessment

Closure and Reclamation

Property Values Assessment

Economic Diversification Effects Assessment

Information Distribution and Consultation

Public and Agency Information Distribution

Infrastructure, Public Facilities, and Services

Dark Sky Effects Assessment

Environmental Assessment Methodology

Greenhouse Gas Effects Assessment

Visual Impact and Aesthetic Features

Geology, Landforms, and Soils Assessment

Land and Resource Use Assessment

Surface Water Quality Effects Assessment

Surface Water Quantity Effects Assessment

Current Use of Lands and Resources for

Groundwater Quality Effects Assessment

Outdoor Recreation Effects Assessment

Groundwater Quantity Effects Assessment

Jacko Lake Effects Assessment

Fish and Fish Habitat Effects Assessment

Archaeological Sites Assessment

Rare Plants Effects Assessment

Assessment of Effects on Aboriginal and

Rare and Sensitive Ecological Communities

Air Quality Effects Assessment

Grasslands Effects Assessment

Domestic Water Quality Effects Assessment

Terrestrial Invertebrates Effects Assessment

Country Foods Effects Assessment

Amphibians Effects Assessment

Human Health Effects Assessment

Reptiles Effects Assessment

Noise and Vibration Effects Assessment

Migratory Birds Effects Assessment

Healthy Living and Health Education

Raptors Effects Assessment

Non-Migratory Game Birds Effects Assessment

Community Health and Well-Being

Mammals Effects Assessment

Economic Growth Effects Assessment

Part C Aboriginal Groups Information

Labour Force, Employment, and Training

Alternative Means of Carrying Out the Project

Effects of the Environment on the Project

Income Effects Assessment

Accidents and Malfunctions

4.6 & 4.7

10.1 Air Quality

Copper-Gold Exploration Project

Copper-Gold Underground Mine

Regional Study Area

Local Study Area

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