“SUGAR MANUFACTURING PROCESS”

A project of
PRODUCTION OPERATION MANAGEMENT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
Requirements for the award of the
Post-Graduate Diploma in Management

Submitted By:
Isha Saxena, Roll No: 09085,
Karishma Tiwari, Roll No: 09092
Kirti Tiwari, Roll No: 09093
Neeti shree ,Roll No:09116
Neha Gulati,Roll no:09117

Submitted to
Prof.S.K.DUBEY
INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
LAL QUAN, GHAZIABAD – 201 009
March 2010
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 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that all information and data provided in this report
are collected from secondary source and are true to the best of our
knowledge.

Signature of Students: -

Isha Saxena, Roll No: 09085,

Karishma Tiwari, Roll No: 09092
Kirti Tiwari, Roll No: 09093
Neeti shree ,Roll No:09116
Neha Gulati,Roll No:09117

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 INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES,
GHAZIABAD

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this report contains bonafide work of Isha saxena,
Karishma Tiwari ,Kirti Tiwari ,Neeti Shree ,Neha Gulati during Term III,
session 2009-2011 for the subject STRW.

DATE: Signature of Faculty

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is our immense pleasure to present the report on

“SUGAR MANUFACTURING PROCESS”

Here we would like to express our deep sense of gratitude to our

Respected faculty
Prof.S.K.DUBEY
For his timely guidance, valuable support and encouragement at every
step of preparing this report. We would also like to thank our lecturers,
faculty members and all those persons who have directly or indirectly
helped us in providing the books and amenities which have helped in
development of this report, without such help this report would not have
been possible

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 ABSTRACT

PURPOSE -

The purpose of the project is to forecast the requirement and cost of the
raw material used in the sugar industry i.e. Sugarcane and on the basis of the
forecast , decisions are taken . This project is based on cost forecasting
model. There are two types of cost . One is fixed cost and the other is variable
cost. We have assumed that the cost of production is fixed and other costs
like transportation , custom and excise duty , prevailing local price and
exchange rate fluctuations are taken as variable. Based on these assumptions ,
the total market for sugarcane in the medium term of 18 to 36 months is
arrived at.

DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

The project is based on a series of forecasting exercises done at various level

and actual collection and analysis of data of previous years. At this stage , a
certain level of aggregation of data is required . for example , there will be
various quality of sugarcane in the market and several new varieties will be
introduced during the planning year. These data need to be aggregated to
analysis capacity requirement and match them with capacity availability. This
data is used in the forecasting exercise carried out to estimate future demand.

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FINDINGS

On account of estimated lower production for 2008-09 and 2009-10 season,

sugar, bagasse, molasses and alcohol prices expected to rise in the coming
quarters and expected to remain high in the foreseeable future.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS

The farmers based on the above collected data switched over to alternative
crops the reason being the lower rainfall in the Maharashtra and Karnataka.
And hence the more of raw sugar was imported as result which the prices of
white sugar raised up.

ORIGINALITY

In the content various forecasting techniques are used assuming the fixed and
variable cost and its implications on the total cost of production.

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 INTRODUCTION

Triveni's association with the Sugar Industry is as old as the Industry

itself. In pre- independence India, the promoters of what is now the
Triveni Group established several sugar factories in pre independent
India. Even now, Triveni is the pre- eminent name in the Indian sugar
industry.

With a current cane crushing capacity of 61,000 TCD (Tonnes Crushing

per Day), the Triveni Group continues to be one of the largest producers
of sugar in India. The crush capacity of the existing plants are (as
follows;

• Khatauli, in District Muzaffarnagar (16,000 TCD)

• Deoband in District Saharanpur (14,000 TCD)

• Ramkola in District Kushinagar (6,500 TCD)

• Sabitgarh in District Bulandshehar (7,000 TCD)

• Chandanpur in District J P Nagar (6000 TCD)

• Raninagal in District Moradabad (5500 TCD)

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• Milak Narainpur in District Rampur (6000 TCD)

The new capacities at Chandanpur, Raninagal & Milak Narainpur

together with the brownfield expansion at Ramkola were commissioned
during the sugar season 2006-07.

All seven sugar factories are located in the state of Uttar Pradesh. In all
the factories, double suphitation process is followed for sugar production.

The sugar produced at Triveni's factories is direct consumption plantation

white low ICUMSA (an International method for determining colour
value of sugar, lower value means whiter sugar), bold grain sugar which
commands premium in the market. A lot of emphasis is placed on the
quality control procedures and quality of sugar produced in the factories.

At all the factories, emphasis is on usage of energy efficient systems,

modern technology and R & D for better operations and for improved per
hectare sugar output. As a result of Triveni's tie up with Sugar Research
International of Australia, the group factories have access to modern
equipments & process knowhow.

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Khatauli, Deoband & Sabitgarh plants are located in fertile, well irrigated
and high cane intensity region of western Uttar Pradesh where the sugar
cane crop is least dependent on the vagaries of the Monsoon & therefore
are very consistent in terms of the cane availability & capacity
utilization.

The Ramkola unit is located in lucrative eastern UP where the realization

of sugar (particularly because of the robust demand from sugar deficient
West Bengal) is better as compared to western UP.

The three new sugar units are located in the Central UP.

The cane development activities taken up by the factories are regarded to

be amongst the best in the industry. Group has been pioneer in using
modern techniques like Satellite tracking for getting information on area
in its command for enabling decisions on which variety to be propagated
in which area. Factory has huge data base on individual farmer's field
data (total cane area, past supplies, ratoon and plant cane acreage, soil
details, land type details etc.) to take prudent decisions on cane
development.

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 Sugar Manufacturing Process

1. Sampling
On arrival, a sample of the sugar beet is taken from the load and tested to
measure the sugar content and to determine the amount of soil, tops or
leaves present in the load.
These analyses, combined with the weight of the vehicle entering and
leaving the factory, enables the calculation of the quantity of sugar
delivered and hence the payment due.

2. Cleaning
Floats in water and in the cleaning stage of the process it is moved
around in large quantities of water, allowing the Sugar beet to pass
through machinery which 'catches' stones but allows the beet to float over
the top. Weeds and other trash are also removed before the beet enters the
factory, where it is sliced into thin slices called 'Cossettes'

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3. Slicing :
The slicing machines work in a similar manner to a kitchen grater and the
cossettes they produce have a 'V' cross section.This
ensures the largest possible surface area is presented to maximise the
sugar extraction stage.

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4. Diffusion :
Sugar is extracted from the beet by diffusion. This process takes place in
a large vessel and in simple terms is akin to brewing tea
The cossettes are mixed with hot water at around 70°C for a period of
time and the sugar simply passes from the plant cells into
the surrounding water by the diffusion process.
The vegetable material left behind from this stage is mechanically
pressed to extract as much remaining sugar and water as possible and,
after the addition of molasses, is dried to produce animal feed products. It
is this drying process which gives rise to the familiar plume of steam
rising from the factory. The liquid resulting from the diffusion process is
dark in colour and is called raw juice.

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5. Purification :
This juice is passed through an important purification stage called
carbonatation. This involves mixing the juice with milk of
gas. During lime and adding carbon dioxide this process, the carbon
dioxide and the milk of lime re-combine to produce calcium carbonate
which precipitates out, taking most of the impurities from the juice with it

6. Evaporation
The pale yellow juice which remains is called thin juice and while much
purer it is still relatively low in sugar content. It passes to the next stage
of the process - evaporation - where the water is boiled off in a series of
evaporator vessels to increase the solids The concentrated juice passes
through filters, after which it is ready for the final stage of the process; or
it can be stored and brought back into the factory during the summer to
produce crystal sugar. massecuite - is spun in d to storage silos. some
sugar remains in the separated liquid so it is boiled again in a further set
of vacuum pans to produce raw sugar. This process is repeated a third
time resulting in final product sugar and molasses. Raw and final product
sugars are re-dissolved into the thick juice. content of the juice from the
previous 16 per cent in thin juice to 65 per cent in the thick juice.

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The concentrated juice passes through filters, after which it is ready for
the final stage of the process; or it can be stored and brought back into the
factory during the summer to produce crystal sugar.

7.Crystallization
The crystallization process takes place in vacuum pans which boil the
juice at lower temperatures under vacuum. When the juice
reconcentration it is 'seeded' with tiny sugar crystals which provide the
nucleus for larger crystals to form and grow.
When the crystals reach the desired size the process is stopped and the
resultant mixture of crystal sugar and syrup - known as centrifuges to
separate the sugar from the 'mother liquor'.

The sugar crystals are washed and after drying and cooling, are conveyed
to storage silos. Some sugar remains in the separated liquid so it is boiled
again in a further set of vacuum pans to produce raw sugar. This process
is repeated a third time resulting in final product sugar and molasses. Raw
and final product sugars are re-dissolved into the thick juice.

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 CONCLUSION

One of the Leaders in the Indian Industry

The sugar industry in India is highly fragmented with over 500 sugar factories.
We are amongst the three largest producers of sugar in India based on sugar
production in Sugar Year 2003-2004 derived from ISMA Working Results of
Sugar Factories in India, 2003-2004. We manufactured 0.38 million tonnes of
sugar in the Sugar Year 2005.

Strong Financial Position

We have a strong financial position, which we believe will enable us to finance
our capacity expansion plans. As of March 31, 2005, we had a long-term debt
to equity ratio of 0.72: 1 and total debt to equity ratio of 2.74:1. In fiscal 2005,
we have net cash flow from operating activities of Rs. 1,414.42 million.

Strategic Location of Mills

All of our manufacturing facilities for sugar production are located in the north
Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and the two largest sugar mills at Khatauli and
Deoband are located in western Uttar Pradesh, which is one of the largest
sugarcane growing areas in India. As a result of our presence in the state of
Uttar Pradesh, we benefit from the following advantages.

Proximity of Sugarcane Deficient Markets

Our sugar mills are located close to the sugarcane deficient markets of
Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and West
Bengal. Thus, our primary markets are located close to our manufacturing
facilities and we do not rely on transporting our sugar to distant markets,
which gives us a comparative advantage in distribution costs of this bulk
commodity.

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Excellent Rrelationships with Farmers
We make timely payments to sugarcane farmers and have built excellent
relationships and goodwill with them, which is an important factor in our
industry. We have a good record of payments to farmers for sugarcane
despite the cyclical nature of the sugar industry and have strong ties with
approximately 167,000 sugarcane farmers.

Extensive Network for Sugarcane Collection

In order to facilitate the sale of sugarcane to us by the sugarcane farmers, we
have established a extensive network of more than 350 collection centers in
the state of Uttar Pradesh, where the sugarcane is collected by us and
payments are made to farmers. These collection centers are located in our
sugarcane area and hence, the farmer is not required to bring his crop to our
factory gates.

Good Product Quality

The sugar produced by our sugar mills in Khatauli and Deoband is bold
grained and is rated as one of the better qualities of sugar produced in
western Uttar Pradesh. This enables us to command a premium on the sugar
produced by us.

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 REFRENCES

www.triveni

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