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    Tamoor Tariq
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    Dr. Majid Majeed Akbar outlines the research methodology process in multiple steps. The document defines research as an objective, systematic attempt to address a problem by formulating hypotheses, collecting data, analyzing it, and reaching conclusions. It identifies the main types of research as laboratory, library, and social research. The models of research process discussed include John Dewey, Consumer Researcher Observer, Iowo Moto, Kothari, and Nachmias models. Finally, the generalized model involves problem identification, literature survey, hypothesis development, research design preparation, hypothesis testing, and reaching conclusions.

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    Dr. Majid Majeed Akbar outlines the research methodology process in multiple steps. The document defines research as an objective, systematic attempt to address a problem by formulating hypotheses, collecting data, analyzing it, and reaching conclusions. It identifies the main types of research as laboratory, library, and social research. The models of research process discussed include John Dewey, Consumer Researcher Observer, Iowo Moto, Kothari, and Nachmias models. Finally, the generalized model involves problem identification, literature survey, hypothesis development, research design preparation, hypothesis testing, and reaching conclusions.

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    22 views11 pages

    Research Methodology Guide

    Uploaded by

    Tamoor Tariq
    Dr. Majid Majeed Akbar outlines the research methodology process in multiple steps. The document defines research as an objective, systematic attempt to address a problem by formulating hypotheses, collecting data, analyzing it, and reaching conclusions. It identifies the main types of research as laboratory, library, and social research. The models of research process discussed include John Dewey, Consumer Researcher Observer, Iowo Moto, Kothari, and Nachmias models. Finally, the generalized model involves problem identification, literature survey, hypothesis development, research design preparation, hypothesis testing, and reaching conclusions.

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    of 11

    RESEARCH METHDOLOGY

    Dr. Majid Majeed Akbar

    DEFINITION OF RESEARCH

    Research is an objective, systematic


    and conscious attempt enunciating a
    selected problem, formulating relevant
    hypotheses
    and
    on
    their
    basis
    collecting suitable data, analyzing
    them, and reaching certain conclusions,
    either in the form of appropriate
    solutions of the selected problem or in
    certain
    generalizations
    for
    some
    *
    theoretical
    formulation
    .
    * Research Process Simplified By K.M. Bhatti

    TYPES OF RESEARCH
    The Three Basic Types are:
    Laboratory Research
    Library Research
    Social Research
    Further Classified as:
    Descriptive Vs Analytical
    Applied Vs Fundamental
    Quantitative Vs Qualitative
    Conceptual Vs Empirical

    MODELS OF RESEARCH PROCESS

    John Dewey Model (1910)


    Consumer Researcher Observer
    Model (1950)
    Iowo Moto Model (1972)
    Kothari Model (1993)
    Nachmias Model (1996)

    GENERALIZED MODEL

    Problem Identification
    Literature Survey
    Development of Hypothesis
    Preparation of Research Design
    Testing of Hypothesis
    Reaching Conclusions

    IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH
    PROBLEM

    Whether this Problem is really a


    Problem
    Johari
    Window
    KNOWLEDGE
    I KNOW
    I DO NOT
    KNOW
    YOU KNOW

    YOU DO NOT
    KNOW

    LITERATURE SURVEY

    The Library
    Internet
    Science Direct
    ISI web of Knowledge
    IEEE
    Google Scholar

    DEVELOPMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

    Hypothesis is the twilight of theory, a


    supposition, a preposition
    Prior thinking about the subject
    Examination of available data
    Counsel of experts
    Tentative answers to research problems
    If one hypothesis fails PUT another one

    PREPARATION OF RESEARCH DESIGN

    Once the PSM (Purpose, Scope, Method) and


    SOP (Statement of Problem) have been
    formulated then comes the stage of research
    design.
    Background of question under study
    Methods/Tools/Instruments
    Plan of Analysis
    Requirements for the study FIVE-M theory,
    Man, Money, Material, Methods, and Machinery.

    TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS

    As discussed earlier if one hypothesis


    fails put/test another one.
    Hypothesis is tested by employing
    experimental methods,
    Hypothesis can be modified according
    to the needs of research
    Hypothesis is if validated becomes
    theory

    CONCLUSIONS

    Results and Discussion


    Validation of Results by existing
    theoretical models
    Report writing
    Communication of results to the
    reputed Journals/Conferences etc.
    The final step is the implementation

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