Stairs

1/7-Stairs

Stairs
Design of step:

Checkered plate

Steps are made of checkered plate

5-7

6/8 as shown
Assume o.w. of step = 20 kg / m\
L.L = 300 500 kg / m2

b = 30 cm

F.C. may be used

20
+ (F.C. + L.L.) b
1000

Beam at 1/2 floor level

(4.50)

wa 2
Calculate M =
8

wa
Q=
2

W=

Check f, q,

L
L=a
300

Width of stairs is about 1 1.5 m

(6.00)

(3.00)

Fbcx = 1.4 t/cm2 (lip is small, so neglect L.T.B.)

Slope is 1:2 in most cases.

Design of stair beam: (Usually used as channel)

26.5

assume o.w. = 25 kg/m\

w = ...... t/m'

weight of step, handrail, (all steel structure)

ws = 70 kg/m2/hz proj
L.L = 300 500 kg / m2

1
2

F.C. = .. if any
W=

25
+ (70 + F.C. + L.L.) (a/2)
1000

Draw M, Q, (neglect normal)

wL2
M=
8

Q=

M1

M2

wL
2

Lu act = zero

2/7-Stairs

Stairs
Fbcx = 1.4 t/cm2
dmin of channel

t
h-22

Check f, q,

2
3

26.5

L70*7

Design of connection using butt weld:

hw= hC

hweld

hchannel
cos

31

Calculate Ix
Check

M
y = ..< 0.7 ft (allowable of good butt weld subjected to tension due
Ix

to moment or due to tension). Look ECP page

Design of beam at 1/2 floor height: (Usually IPE)

R = Reaction of stair beam

RR

Calculate M, Q

If channel is flushed & checkered plate is

welded, so Lu act = zero
If we use grating Lu act = a

Design of connection between channel & I beam:

Force = Rt Rss, Rb as before

3/7-Stairs

Stairs
Solved example:

Beam B
b

It is required a complete design of stairs

1.25

(4.50)

3.0

(steps, beam of stairs with its connection &

beam at 1/2 floor height)
kg/m2

(6.00)

1.25

Given that: L.L. = 400 kg/m2, F.C. =150

(3.00)
d

a
1.0

Solution:

1.25

1.25

1.0

0.5

Design of step:
Assume o.w. of step = 20 kg/m\
Take shape of step as Z section (assume b = 30cm) (checkered plate 6/8)
WDL = 20 + 150 * 0.3 = 65 kg/m\
WLL = 400 * 0.3 = 120 kg/m\
WT = 120 + 65 = 185 kg/m\
M = 0.185 *

1.25 2
= 0.036 mt = 3.6 cmt
8

Q = 0.185 * (1.25/2) = 0.11 t

30 * 0.6 3
Ix =
(neglected) + 2
12

Lip = 5cm
t = 0.6

4.4

30

0.6 * 4.4 3

+ 0.6 * 4.4 * 2.5 2 = 41.52 cm4

12

Checks:
1. f =

3.6 * 4.7
= 0.41 t/cm2 < 1.4 t/cm2
41.52

(Lip is small, so we can neglect L.T.B)

2. q =

0.11
= 0.02 t/cm2 <<< 0.84 t/cm2
2 * 5 * 0.6

5
120 * 1.25 4
125
3. L.L. =
*10 3 = 0.04 cm <
*
= 0.42 cm
384 2100 * 41.52
300

4/7-Stairs

Stairs
Design of stair beam:
Assume o.w. = 25 kg/m\
Weight of other steel structure is 70 kg/m\
WDL = 25 + (70 + 150) * (1.25 / 2)
= 162.5 kg/m\
WLL = 400 * (1.25 / 2) = 250 kg/m\
Wtotal = 250 + 162.5 = 412.5 kg/m\

w = 0.41 t/m'

0.41 * 5.5 2
M=
= 1.56 mt
8
1.56

Q = 0.41 * (5.5 / 2) = 1.13 t

Assume Fbcx = 1.4 t/cm2

1.13

1.41

Sx = 156 / 1.4 = 111 cm3

Choose channel 160
Checks:
Lu act = zero

c
tf

So No L.T.B.

6.5 0.75 1.05

= 4.48 < 10.9
1.05

dw
= 11.6 / 0.75 = 15.5 < 82
tw
Therefore, the section is not slender (simply symmetric channel)
1. f = 156 / 116 = 1.34 t/cm2 < 1.4 t/cm2
2. q =

1.13
= 0.09 t/cm2 < 0.84 t/cm2
16 * 0.75

5 0.25 * 5.5 4
3. L.L. =
*
*10 6 = 1.53 cm < 550/300 = 1.83cm
384 2100 * 925

5/7-Stairs

Stairs

94
.
t
9
h-2 =
2
5cm

Min channel:

h 2t
= 9.94 (From drawing)
2

t 1cm

h = 22 cm

30cm
0

Choose channel minimum 220

26.5

L70*7

Design of connection butt weld:

M connection = 1.13 * 1.25 = 1.41 mt
hweld =

= 13.25
2

22
= 22.6 cm
cos13.25

22.6

t=1.25

t=0.9

0.9 * 22.6 3
22.6 1.25 2
) = 2888.4 cm4
Ix =
+ 2 *1.25 * (8 0.9) * (

12
2
2
f=

141
22.6
*
= 0.55 t/cm2 < 0.7*1.4 = 0.98 t/cm2
2888.4
2

Design of connection between channel & beam at 1/2 floor beam:

R = 1.13 t (use only one angle)
Rss =

*1.6 2 * 0.25 * 4 = 2.01t

4

tmin is smaller of 0.7 or 0.9 (tw of channel)

Rb = (0.8 * 3.6)*1.6*0.7 = 3.22 t
n = 1.13 / 2.01 = 0.56 use 2 bolts min

Chequerd
plate

L70*7

6/7-Stairs

Stairs
Design of beam B (at mid floor level)
Rtotal stair beam = 1.13 t, O.W. = 50 kg/m'

1.13 1.13
0.05

RLL stair beam = 0.25 * 5.5 / 2 = 0.69 t

(To be used in check of deflection)

1.25

Mconc = 2.385 x 2.25 1.13 x 1.25 0.05 x

1.00

1.13

1.25
0.5

1.00

1.25 /2= 3.83 mt

Q = 0.03 x 5 / 2 + 1.13 x 4 / 2 = 2.385 mt
Assume Fbcx = 0.64 Fy = 1.54 t/cm2
Sx = 383/ 1.54 = 259 cm3

choose IPE 220

Checks:

c
tf

11 0.59 2 * 1.2
= 8.7 < 10.9
0.92

dw
= 21.2 / 0.59 =35.9 < 82
tw

Assume using checkered plate welded to upper flange of beam

So Lu act = zero

Fbcx = 0.64 Fy

1. f = 383 / 252 = 1.52 t/cm2 < 1.54 t/cm2

2. q =

2.38
= 0.18 t/cm2 < 0.84 t/cm2
22 * 0.59
0.69

0.69
1.25

0.69
1.25

3.51
0.69

1.725
0.54 0.56

3. deflection due to live load only " RLL stair beam "

M = 3.51 * 2.5 0.56 * (0.25/2) 0.54 * (0.5 + 1.25/3) 1.725 * (0.25 +

1.25/2) 0.69 * (0.25 + 1.25 + 1/3) = 5.43 m3t

L.L. =

5.43 * 10 6
= 0.93 cm < 550/300 = 1.67cm
2100 * 2770

7/7-Stairs