NOTES:

Q1: Where is air pollution most prevalent in Vietnam? How is it affecting the
residents?
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)

Hanoi and Saigon (Most polluted cities in ASIA, both are in Vietnam)
Causing more than 16 000 deaths (2007)
Increasing Child Mortality/Death rates
Limits visibility
Air pollution is more conducive in the summer time
Air quality is the worst at night and day

Q2: What precautions do people in Vietnam is taking to lessen air pollution?

1)
2)
3)
4)

5)
6)
7)
8)

Using bicycles instead of motorcycles

Replacing roofs with milk cartons
Spreading awareness
Emission Inventory
Limiting the amount of air pollution each city emits
Creates laws + policies if a city exceeds limit
Monitoring PM2.5
Trying to reduce the use of plastic bags by 60% by 2020
Building Metros
Building more bike rentals
LEED assessments

Q3: What pattern does air pollution affect the most in Vietnam? How does it affect
it? What will happen if this continues?
1) Ozone layer
(hydro) chlorofluorocarbons
Depletion of ozone layer

Harmful UV rays

Skin + eye problems

Limits visibility

Possibly affect crops

Ozone depleting substances

Degrades slowly
2) Ozone
Harmful pollutant
Damages vegetation & environment
Damages crops

Bad quality

Tree seedling survivability rates drop

Ground level
Mainly made through vehicle emission

Vehicle emissions + Sunlight + Heat

Urban smog

Oxides of Nitrogen

Volatile organic compound

Fusion/chemical reaction of these creates ground level
ozone
Made by vehicle emissions
Industries
Electrical facilities
Chemical solvents
Gasoline vapours
More conducive in the summer time

Higher concentrations
Hot weather +sunlight
Higher in rural/suburbs
Lower in urban areas
Major pollutant
Consequences

Chest pain

Coughing

Throat problems

Worsen
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Asthma

Reduce lung function

Can permanently scar lung tissue

3) Global Warming (tied w/ ozone layer theme)
Colder/Hotter temperature
Rising sea levels
Melting ice
Habitat displacement

Q4: Are there other patterns that are being affected? How?
1) Affecting the rates of Child Mortality
Asthma
Pneumonia
Respiratory Disease Morbidity
Lower lung function
Increased vulnerability to sicknesses
Affects asthmatic children more
2) Increasing the amount of deaths happening in Vietnam annually
Diseases
3) Increasing the amount of patients suffering from (respiratory) diseases
Cancer
Asthma
Pneumonia
4) Increasing the amount of dust in Vietnam
5) Acid Rain

Rain + air pollution mixing

Acid
Damages crops, humans + animals
Damages water the most

Makes it acidic

Can affect food chain

6) Eutrophication
Nitrogen on seas surface
Nitrogen = Algae
Algae becomes dangerous for sea life
Nutrients in Nutrient Deficient bodies of water
7) Effect on wildlife
Forces animals to move to new habitats
Harms food chain

Bioaccumulation
Pollution gets in animals system
Food chain happens, pollution concentrates

Pollution causes the same things it causes to humans as

to animals
Diseases
Stress
Endocrine Function
a. The glands of hormones
Organ Injury
Acid Rain
Also affects animals like us humans

Cardiovascular system

Lungs/gills (whatever they use to breathe)

Q5: What things contribute to air pollution?

1) Factories/Industries
Old industries produce more since they do not follow the modern rules

Like environmental policies

New industries produce less but still produce a lot
Metallurgical Industry
Chemical Industry

Toxic , hazardous and dust pollutant

Harmful stuff released into the air

Carbon Monoxide

Hydrofluorocarbons

Organic Compound

Chemicals
2) Sub-sectors
Metallurgical Industry
Cement + Construction

3)

4)

5)
6)

Thermoelectricity output

60% of electricity in Vietnam

Natural gas, FO oil + coal

Fossil Fuels
Factories
Vehicle emissions
Nitrogen Oxides
Carbon Monoxide
Agricultural Activities
Pesticide
Fertilizer
Insecticides
Can Cause water pollution
Mining
Releases loads of dusts and chemicals into the air
Indoor air pollution
Paint
Cleaning Products
Impossible to breathe

Definitions:
Pm2.5: Particles created through Air pollution
LEED An assessment which assess if a building is environmentally friendly or not
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