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PARASYARADHANA KRAMAM
(Malayalam)

52nd Edition
rmpression August, 2010.

Copies- 50,000
Published by

Mar Thoma Sabha Publication Board


(Copy right R~rved)

Distributed by
Mar Thoma Sabha Book Depot
Thiruvalla. Ph. 0469-2634235
Printed at
MarT~oma Press, Tiruvalla Ph. 2741191
M 52 RP 02-Au-10 _

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104

nJ~ cm1m1uomicoru10 cm1co1mc&anru10

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108
mogm1~~ 6>n.J<DlffiO@l<fhu8

A TABLE OF MOVABLE FESTIVALS AND OTHER DAYs


A.1001.Jm&

A.IOCTlJctm

6TlJl wmo~A.I ~cn>1m~

6TlJlWmo~AJ ~(D)1m"
Ash
~

Ash
Year Wednesday Easter

Year

Wednesday Easter

1994

16 February 03 April

2010

17 February

04 April

1995

01 March

16 April

2011

09 March

24 April

1996

21 February 07 April

1997

12 February 30 March2013

13 February

31 March

1998

25 February 12 April

2014

05 March

20 April

1999

17 February 04 April

2015

18 February

05 April

2CXX)

08 March

23 April

2016

10 February

27 March

2001

28 February 15 April

2017

01 March

200'2

13 February 31 March2018

14 February

01 April

2003

05 March

20 April

2019

06 March

21 April

2004

25 February 1l April

2020

26 February

12 April

17 February

04 April

02 March

17 April

2023

22 February

00 April

2008 06 February 23 March 2024


200? 25 February 12 April

14 February

31 March

05 March

20 April

2012 . 22 February

2005 09 February 27 March 2021


2006 01 March
16 April' 2022
2007

21 February 08 April

2025

08 April .

. 16 April

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