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V Semester BE (EEE)
EE 1303 - Power Electronics Laboratory
Manual
Prepared by
Approved by
Prof.M.Muruganandam, M.E.,(Ph.D),
Dr P.Murugesan,B.E.,Ph.D.,
AP/ EEE
Revision No.:1
Date:24.06.2008
CONTENTS
Sl.No.
Page No.
1.
VI CHARACTERISTICS OF SCR
2.
VI CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIAC
3.
VI CHARACTERISTICS OF MOSFET
14
4.
VI CHARACTERISTICS OF IGBT
20
5.
24
6.
30
7.
36
8.
42
9.
46
10.
50
11.
56
12.
60
Type
TYN612
MC
MC
MC
-
Range
600V,12A
(0-100) mA
(0-50) mA
(0-30) V
220
-
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
FORMULA USED:
1. Average dc output voltage Vdc is
Vdc =
Vm
(1 + cos )
V 1
= m
2
Vrms
3. Rectification efficiency
% =
Vdc2
2
Vrms
V
FF = rms
Vdc
PIV = Vm
6. Ripple factor
RF = FF 2 1
4. Form factor
7. Power factor
PF =
1
2
1
2
sin 2
+
2
sin 2
+
2
1
2
Where
2Vs
PRECAUTION:
1. The initial set gate current should be taken as minimum in order to take the
consecutive readings.
2. Maximum anode current, anode-cathode voltage and gate current limit is 600mA,
30V and 20mA respectively
3. Before setting each gate current, keep the Anode to cathode voltage (VAK) as
zero.
PROCEDURE:
VI Characteristics:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the 230V AC supply through three-pin power chord.
3. Keep the gate current (IG) to a suitable value (say minimum of 4 mA to 5mA)
4. Now slowly increase the anode-cathode voltage (VAK) by varying the pot till
thyristor get turned on, with the indication that anode cathode voltage decreases
to it on state voltage drop (i.e 0.7V) and the anode current increases.
5. Note the values of voltmeter (VAK) which is the break over voltage and the
ammeter (I L) which is the latching current value.
6. Further, increase the anode current in steps by varying the anode-cathode
voltage and note the readings.
7. Now reduces the anode cathode voltage (VAK) till the thyristor turned off and find
the holding current.
8. For various gate current take the readings and tabulate it.
9. Finally, a graph of anode current Vs anode-cathode voltage is plotted for various
gate current.
TABULATION:
VI Characteristics:
S.No.
IG1 =
VAK(V)
IG2 =
IA(mA)
VAK(V)
IG3 =
IA(mA)
VAK(V)
IA(mA)
1
2
3
4
5
6
S.NO.
1
Firing
angle
Practical
Vavg (V)
Practical
Iavg (A)
Theoretical Theoretical
Vavg (V)
Vrms
2
3
4
5
6
10
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is power electronics?
2. What are the types of converter in power electronics?
3. What is latching and holding current?
4. What is break over voltage?
5. What is forward bias and reverse bias?
6. What is firing angle?
7. Why the negative voltage is not possible in semi converter?
8. What is freewheeling diode?
RESULT:
11
12
Type
BTA 12
MC
MC
MC
MI
MI
-
Range
600V,12A
(0-100) mA
(0-50) mA
(0-30) V
(0-300)V
(0-500)mA
230/12V
-
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
FORMULA USED:
The RMS output voltage is
V0 RMS = Vs
Sin2
+
2
1
2
Where
= Firing angle
Vs = Source voltage
PRECAUTION:
1. The initial set gate current should be taken as the value, for gate current for the
consecutive readings.
2. Maximum triac current, voltage across the triac and gate current limit is 600mA,
30V and 20mA respectively.
3. To see the phase controlled converter output waveform, use a 230 / 12 V
transformer for isolation purpose.
13
14
15
IG1 =
VAK(V)
IG2 =
IA(mA)
VAK(V)
IG3 =
IA(mA)
VAK(V)
IA(mA)
VAK(V)
IA(mA)
1
2
3
4
5
MT2 is + Ve with respect to MT1
S.No.
IG1 =
VAK(V)
IG2 =
IA(mA)
VAK(V)
IG3 =
IA(mA)
1
2
3
4
5
Single-phase A.C phase controller
S.No.
Firing angle ( ) in
degree
I0RMS Measured
in Amps
V0RMS Measured
in Volts
V0RMS Calculated
in Volts
1
2
3
4
5
16
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is bidirectional device?
2. What is bipolar device?
3. What are the applications of phase controlled converter in home appliances?
4. What is the number and range of given triac?
5. What type of firing is used here?
6. How do you change the firing angle?
7. Draw the symbol of Triac.
RESULT:
17
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
VI CHARACTERISTICS
18
Type
IRF 840
MC
MC
MC
-
Range
600V,5A
(0-100) mA
(0-10)V
(0-30) V
-
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
FORMULA USED:
ID
mho
VDS
V DS
ohm
=
ID
1. Trans conductance
Gm =
2. Output resistance
RDS
Where:
ID = Change in drain current.
VDS = Change in drain to source voltage
PRECAUTION:
The initial set gate voltage should be taken as minimum in order to take the
consecutive readings.
PROCEDURE:
DRAIN CHARACTERISTICS
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram
2. Switch on the 230V AC supply through three-pin power chord.
19
TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS
20
21
VGS1 =
VDS(V)
ID(mA)
VGS2 =
VDS(V)
ID(mA)
VGS3 =
VDS(V)
ID(mA)
1
2
3
4
5
Transfer Characteristics:
VDS =
S.No.
VGS(V)
ID(mA)
1
2
3
4
5
22
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is current control device?
2. What is voltage control device?
3. What is the number and range of given MOSFET?
4. Draw the symbol of MOSFET?
5. What is Transconductance?
6. How to find the output resistance?
RESULT:
23
MODEL GRAPH:
24
Type
IRGBC
MC
MC
MC
-
Range
600V,10A
(0-100) mA
(0-10)V
(0-30) V
-
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
FORMULA USED:
IC
mho
VCE
VCE
ohm
=
IC
1. Trans conductance
Gm =
2. Output resistance
RCE
Where:
IC = Change in collector current.
VCE = Change in collector to emitter voltage
PRECAUTION:
The initial set gate voltage should be taken as minimum in order to take the
consecutive readings.
PROCEDURE:
DRAIN CHARACTERISTICS
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram
2. Switch on the 230V AC supply through three-pin power chord.
3. Keep the gate - emitter voltage (VGE) to a suitable value (say minimum of 6V to
7V)
Muthayammal Engineering college, Rasipuram.
25
S.No.
VGE1 =
VCE(V)
IC(mA)
VGE2 =
VCE(V)
IC(mA)
VGE3 =
VCE(V)
IC(mA)
1
2
3
4
5
26
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is current control device?
2. What is voltage control device?
3. What is the number and range of given IGBT?
4. Draw the symbol of IGBT?
5. What are differences between Transistor, MOSFET and IGBT?
6. How to find the given device is whether MOSFET or IGBT?
RESULT:
27
28
Type
i. Measurements
ii. Elements
iii. Power electronics
iV. Electrical source
MC
MC
-
Items
Quantity
Scope
Pulse Generator
1
1
Ammeter
Voltmeter
RLC series branch
MOSFET
SCR
DC source
1
1
1
1
1
1
PROCEDURE:
FOR MOSFET
1. Open MATLAB and open Simulink then create a new file (new module)
2. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram by taking the required items
from the corresponding blocks.
3. According to the MOSFET, we should give the block parameter for MOSFET,
RLC series branch, pulse generator and the scope.
4. Now simulate the circuit. The graph of Gate pulse, Drain current and drain to
source voltage can be shown.
5. Finally the print out of the MATLAB circuit and the output is taken.
29
FOR SCR
30
31
FOR SCR
32
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is MATLAB?
2. What is a transient characteristic?
3. What is commutation?
4. Where the natural commutation is not possible in SCR?
5. What is the function of scope in MATLAB?
RESULT:
33
34
Type
TYN612
MC
MC
-
Range
600V,12A
(0-500) mA
(0-30) V
-
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
FORMULA USED:
For R load
1. Average dc output voltage Vdc is
2. RMS output voltage is Vrms
Vdc =
Vm
(1 + cos )
1
2
Vrms = Vm
sin 2
2
1
2
Vdc =
Vrms =
Vm
2
cos
= Vs
Vdc =
Vrms
Vm
(cos
V2
= m
2
cos )
1
2
sin 2
sin 2
+
2
2
35
36
Vdc2
2
Vrms
V
FF = rms
Vdc
PIV = Vm
8. Ripple factor
RF = FF 2 1
5. Rectification efficiency
6. Form factor
% =
Where
2Vs
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram for R load
2. Switch on the triggering kit
3. Switch on the 230 V AC supply
4. Switch on the debounce logic
5. By varying potentiometer vary the firing angle of the converter in order to vary the
output voltage step by step.
6. For each step note down the firing angle, output voltage and load current.
7. The output voltage is theoretically calculated for each step and the readings are
tabulated.
8. Repeat the same procedure for RL load.
37
Firing Angle
in degree
Idc Measured
in milliamps
Vdc Measured
in volts
R=
Vdc Calculated
in volts
Vrms Calculated
in volts
Firing Angle
in degree
R=
L=
=
Vrms Calculated
in volts
Discontinuous conduction
38
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
RESULT:
39
40
Type
TYN612
BY126
MC
MC
-
Range
600V,12A
12V
(0-500) mA
(0-30) V
-
Quantity
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
FORMULA USED:
For R and RL load continuous & discontinuous conduction:
V
1. Average dc output voltage Vdc is
Vdc = m (1 + cos )
2. RMS output voltage is Vrms
Vrms = Vm
1
2
sin 2
+
2
1
2
General Formula:
Vdc2
% = 2
Vrms
V
FF = rms
Vdc
PIV = Vm
6. Ripple factor
RF = FF 2 1
3. Rectification efficiency
4. Form factor
Where
Vm = maximum or peak voltage in volts =
Vs = Supply voltage in volts
= Firing angle
= Extinction angle
= Conduction angle = -
2Vs
41
42
43
Firing Angle
in degree
Idc Measured
in milliamps
Vdc Measured
in volts
R=
Vdc Calculated
in volts
Vrms Calculated
in volts
Vrms Calculated
in volts
Firing Angle
in degree
Discontinuous conduction
44
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is power electronics?
2. What are the types of converter in power electronics?
3. What is firing angle?
4. What is active load?
5. Why the negative voltage is not possible in semi converter?
6. What is freewheeling diode?
7. Is a separate freewheeling diode necessary for semi converter? Justify your answer.
RESULT:
45
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
MODEL GRAPH
46
Type
IRF 840
MC
MC
-
Range
(0-500mA)
(0-30V)
(0-30V)
-
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
FORMULA USED:
1. Average dc output voltage Vdc is
Vdc = Vs
Vrms =
Vs
Where:
= Duty cycle of the chopper
TON = on time
T = Total time
TON
T
Procedure:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the RPS and turn on triggering kit
3. Switch on the debounce logic
4. By changing the width of the pulse, obtain the different set of reading.
5. For each step note down the duty cycle, output voltage and load current and
tabulate it.
6. The output voltage is theoretically calculated.
7. Draw the graph as per the reading in the table.
47
TABULATION:
Vs=
S.No.
TON
in ms
TON
T
T=
Idc (Avg)
Measured
in mA
Vdc (Avg)
Measured
in volts
Vdc (Avg)
Calculated
in volts
Vdc = Vs
1
2
3
4
5
48
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is chopper and what are the devices generally used for chopper?
What are the types of chopper?
What is step down chopper?
What are the control strategies used for choppers?
Why frequency modulation is not preferred mostly?
Why thyristor is not preferred in chopper circuit mostly?
RESULT:
49
50
Type
IRF 840
MC
MC
Py 127
Ferrite core
-
Range
(0-500mA)
(0-30V)
(0-30V)
100mH
-
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
FORMULA USED:
Average dc output voltage Vdc is
Vdc =
Vs
(1
Where:
= Duty cycle of the chopper
TON
T
TON = on time
T = Total time
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram
2. Switch on the RPS and turn on triggering kit
3. Switch on the debounce logic
4. By changing the width of the pulse, obtain the different set of reading.
5. For each step note down the duty cycle, output voltage and load current and
tabulate it.
6. The output voltage is theoretically calculated for each step.
7. Draw the graph as per the reading in the table.
51
TABULATION:
Vs=
S.No.
TON
in ms
TON
T
Idc (Avg)
Measured
in mA
T=
Vdc (Avg)
Measured
in volts
Vdc (Avg)
Calculated
in volts
Vs
Vdc =
(1 )
1
2
3
4
5
52
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is chopper and what are the devices generally used for chopper?
What are the types of chopper?
What is step up chopper?
What are the control strategies used for choppers?
Why frequency modulation is not preferred mostly?
Why thyristor is not preferred in chopper circuit mostly?
RESULT:
53
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
54
Type
MI
MI
-
Range
(0-5A)
(0-300V)
-
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
-
FORMULA USED:
1. Modulation index (m) is
m = Ar / Ac
2. Output voltage
V0 = m Vs
Where
Ar = Amplitude of reference signal
Ac = Amplitude of carrier signal
Vs = Source voltage
55
56
57
V0
Calculated
in Volts
V0 = m X V s
2
3
4
5
6
58
INFERENCE:
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is inverter?
Why we go for PWM?
What are the different types of PWM?
What is modulation index and what are the types?
What are the advantages of IGBT?
RESULT:
59
MODEL GRAPH:
60
Type
VPET-315
MC
MC
-
Range
(0-2) A
(0-30) V
-
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
10
FORMULA USED:
1
Frequency f = Hz
T
Where:
T= Time
f = Frequency
PRECAUTIONS:
Initially keep the frequency adjustment POT in minimum position
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Initially keep frequency adjustment POT in minimum position.
3. Switch on the main supply
4. Connect the P Pin connector from PWM output and PWM input\
5. Connect the banana connector P10 to P4 , P8 to P11
6. Connect the current sensing resistor (1
to P3.
7. The voltmeter is connected across P5 and P12
61
TABULATION:
S.No.
Time (ms)
Switching
Frequency
(KHz)
Output
Voltage (V)
Output
Current (A)
1
2
3
4
5
62
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is resonance?
2. What is the condition for resonance?
3. What are the advantages of resonant converter?
4. What is soft switching?
5. What types of resonant converter?
6. What is zero current switching?
7. What is zero voltage switching?
RESULT:
63
MODEL GRAPH:
64
Type
VPET-315
MC
MC
-
Range
(0-2) A
(0-30) V
-
Quantity
1
1
1
1
1
10
FORMULA USED:
1
Frequency f = Hz
T
Where:
T= Time
f = Frequency
PRECAUTIONS:
Initially keep the frequency adjustment POT in minimum position
PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Initially keep frequency adjustment POT in minimum position.
3. Switch on the main supply
4. Connect the 9 Pin connector from PWM output and PWM input\
5. Connect the banana connector P10 to P4, P8 to P11
6. Connect the current sensing resistor (1
to P3.
7. The voltmeter is connected across P5 and P12
65
TABULATION:
S.No.
Time (ms)
Switching
Frequency
(KHz)
Output
Voltage (V)
Output
Current (A)
1
2
3
4
5
66
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:
1. What is resonance?
2. What is the condition for resonance?
3. What are the advantages of resonant converter?
4. What is soft switching?
5. What types of resonant converter?
6. What is zero current switching?
7. What is zero voltage switching?
RESULT:
67