Professional Documents
Culture Documents
( HANDOUT)
COX ( CICLO OXIGENZSE)
OLEH
DRS H ISMAIL Msi
Apt
2011
INHIBITION BY
NSIDs
COX-1
CONTITUTIV
TXA
PLATELET
PG12
PGE
ENDOTHELIUM
KDNEY
STOMAG MUCOSA
PHYIOLOGICAL FUNCTION
SIDE EFFECTS OF NSAIDs
INFLAMMATORY STIMULUS
INHIBITION BY
NSAIDs
PROTEASES
PROSTAGLANDIN
OTHER INFLAMATRY
MEDIATOR
INFLAMMATION
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
EFFECT OF NSAIDs
DRUG
*PIROXICAM
*ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID
*INDOMETHACIN
*IBUBRUFEN
*PARACETAMOL
*SODIUM SALICYLAT
*CARPROFEN
*MELOXICAM
*DICLOFENAC
*NAPROXEN
*NIMESULIDE
RATIO COX-2/COX-1
250
166
60
15
7.5
2.8
1.0
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.1
S
L
E
K
T
I
F
COX-1
S
E
L
E
K
T
I
F
COX-2
INHIBIION
COX-1 SELECTIF
CENDERUNG
COX-2 SELEKTIF
COX-2 SELECTIVE
/COX-2 SPECIFIC
NSAIDs
FLURBIPREN
KETOPROFEN
IBUPROFEN
NAPROFEN
PIROXICAM
TENOXICAM
KETOROLAC
LAPORAN
NYATA
NYATA
NYATA
NYATA
NYATA
NYATA
NYATA
DICLOFENAX
NYATA
MELOXICAM
NYATA
(INDOMETHACIN) TAK NYATA
(NABUMETONE)
TAK NYATA
NIMESULIT
DUP-687
NS-398
SC-58125
NYATA
NYATA
NYATA
NYATA
ASAM PATOTENAT
NH2
TIOETANOLAMIN
b- ALANIN
ASAMPANTOAT
HS
CH2CH2NH
CH2CHNH2
OH
CH3
C
H
O
CH2O
CH2
O-
CH3
H H
O
HO
COENZYM A
P
O
OOC
ENZIM BIOTIN
HN
N
COOCH CH
H2C CH (CH2)4COOH
S
ATP O
+
ADP+Pi
+
HN
NH HO
C OCH CH
H2C CH (CH2)4COOH
S
BIOTIN
RIBOSA3- FOSFAT
OH
SCoA
H
O
3HC
A
D
E
N
I
N
H2
C
SCoA
MALONIL -COA
O
-
H O
C
C
SCoA
C
+
+
- SCoA
MALONIL -COA
O
SCoA
H H
NADP, H+
SCoA
H H
CH
REDUKSI
KETON
H
OH
ASETO ASTETIL CoA
-HIDROKSIBUTIRIL CoA
SCoA
O -
-CO2
-H2O
SCoA H
C
O
HC
C
-
MALONIL -COA
SCoA
NADH,H+
CH2
BUTIRIL KoA
REDUKSI
ALKENA
H
H
SCoA
CH
KRONYL CoA
H
H
H2
C
H O
C
H
NADP, H+
OCoA REDUKSI
KETON
H2
C
H
C
H
H
C
H2
C
H2
C
C
H2
C
H
O
-
NADH,H+
C
-CO2
OCoA
REDUKSI
ALKENA
H
H
O
C
SCoA
-SCoA
MALONIL -COA
OCo
A
OH
H O
H2
C
-H2O
H
C
H
O
C
H
C
H
OCoA
H2
C
H2
C
H3C
C
H2
H2C
H2
C
O
C
SCoA REDUKSI
KETON
H2
C
H2
C
NADP, H+
H3C
C
H2
OH
H2C
H2
C
H2
C
H2
C
H3C
C
H2
H
C
H
C
C
H2
NADP, H+
H3C
O
C
REDUKSI
KETON
H
C
C
H2
O
SCoA
SCoA
O
C
-SCoA
CH2
H
C
C
H2
-CO2
-H2O
C
H
H2
C
H O
SCoA
MALONIL -COA
SCoA
H2
C
H2
C
H3C
C
H2
H
C
H
C
C
H2
OH
HC
C
H2
C
SCoA
H2
C
H2
C
H3C
C
H2
H
C
H3C
H2
C
C
H2
H
C
C
H2
HC
C
H
C
SCoA
ALKEN
NADP, H+
H2
C
-H2O
H
C
C
H2
H
C
H2
C
C
H2
H H O
C
SCoA
-
-CO2
-SCoA
SCoA
MALONIL -COA
H2
C
H2
C
H3C
C
H2
H
C
H
C
C
H2
H2
C
H3C
C
H2
H
C
C
H2
H
C
H3C
C
H2
OH
H2
C
H
C
C
H2
SCoA
CH
C
H2
C
H2
H2
C
REDUKSI
KETON
C
H2
H2
C
SCoA
C
H2
NADP, H+
H2
C
H2
C
-H2O
H
C
H
C
C
H2
SCoA
H
C
C
H2
18
9
12
9 12
LINOLEIL- KOENZIM A (
KoA
-OKTADEKADIONIL- Ko A)
O2 + NADH + +
H
6
SATURASI
+
H2O + NAD
18
12
6
S
6 9 12
g LINOLEIL- KOENZIM A (
KoA
-OKTADEKATRIONIL- Ko A)
2HC
S-KoA
SISTEM ELONGASE
RANYAI MIKROSOMAL
( ELONGASE)
C2
COOH
MELONIL-KoA
20
O
C
11
14
DIHOMO-g-LINOLEIL-KOA (
11 14
KoA
ELKOSATRIOL-KoA)
O2 + NADH + +
H
5
SATURASI
+
H2O + NAD
20
14
11
ARAKIDONIL- KoA (
8
5
11
14
C
S
KoA
-EIKOSATETRAENOIL- Ko A)
PERUBAHAN ARAKHIDONAT-SIKLOKSIGENASE
CH2O C
O
RO
CH
C
H2
OO
O
16
1
15
+
- 3
6
4
13
14
7
11
12
5
- 6 7
+
9
10
OH
3
O 1
8
+
O
14
12 10 9
+
_
13 - 11
2O2 AA SIKLOOKSIGENASE
FOSFOLIPID-ESTER
ARACHIDONAT
FOSFOLIPASE
A2
ARACHIDONAT (AA)
ASPIRIN
INDOMETASIN
IBUBRUFEN
15
OH
(CH2)nCH3
4
7
15
16
13
14
11
12
8
9
10
O OH
12-HIDROPEROXYARACHIDONAT
(12-HPAA)
(12-HIROKSIARACIDONAT=12HAA)
DENGAN
PENATAAN ULANG
TROMBOKSAN
SINTESIS
O
O
OH
COOH
PROSTASIKLIN
SINTESIS
DENGAN
PENATAAN ULANG
O(O)H
OH
DENGAN
PENATAAN ULANG
PROSTASIKLIN
(PGI2)
COOH
O
OH
TROMBOKSAN A
(TXA2)
OH
HO
O
OH
COOH
O
O
HO
OH
PENATAAN ULANG
PROSTAGLNDIN H2
(PGH2)
COOH
HO
HO
TROMBOXAN B2
(TXB2)
OH
6-KETO-PGF14
1. SINTESIS PGE2
2. SINTESIS PGD2
3. SINTESIS PGF 2
O
OH
R1
O
O(O)H
HYROXHEPTADECATRIONIKACID
(HHT)
+
H
C
2HC
C
H
MALONALDEHID
OH
OH
R2
PROSTAGLANDIN PERTAMA
(PG)
1. PGE2 ; R1=O, R2 = OH, H
2. PGD2 ; R1 = OH, H, R2 = O
3. PGF2; R1 = R2 =
NH2
OH
O
HO
GLUTATION S- TRANFERSE
NHCOCH2CH2CHCOOH
HH HC CONHCH2COOH
S CH2
NH2
NHCOCH2CH2CHCOOH
OH
HO
11-TRANS-LTC
HC CONHCH2COOH
S
CH2
LEUKOTRIENNA C4 (LTC)
OH
O
HO
GGTP ( - GLUTAMIL
TRANFERASE)
H
H
NH2
OH
OH
HO
HH
LEUKOTRIEN B4 (LTB)
LEUKOTRIEN D4
(LTD)
HC CONHCH2COOH
S CH2
NH2
NHCOCH2CH2CHCOOH
15- LIPOKSIGENASE
HO
HO
HC
S
CONHCH2COOH
CH2
15 HP- LTC
OOH
OH
3HC
SCoA
SCoA
CH3
OH
NH2
3HC
SCoA
SCoA
CH3
HN
C
OH
CH3
HN
C
O
CH3
3HC
O
OH
N
SCoA
3HC
O
C
R2
ENOL
O
O
N
TURUNAN 5-PIRAZOLIDINDION
CH3
SCoA
R2
HSCoA
CH3
R2
SCoA
OH
C
R2
R2
HO
ENOL
1.
CH3
H3 C
CH
CH3
H3 C
H2
C
OH
CH
H3C
H2
C
3HC
ENOLISASI
OH
H3 C
IBUPROVEN
OH
SCoA
H3C
CH
H3C
H2
C
H3C
CH3
C
O
H3 C
OH
CH
H3C
H2
C
H3 C
CH3
SCoA
OH
OH
2.
CH3
OH
H
O
CH3
ENOLISASI
3HC
OH
C
OH
SCoA
KETOPROFEN
H3 C
O
CH3
CH3
SCoA
OH
C
O
H3C
C
OH
OH
3.
4.
+ COSO
H
H3C
+ COSO
H
CH3
H3C
O
N
N
CH3
CH3
METABOLISME
CYTOCOMP450
H
H
+ COSO
H
2
H3C
CH3
N
N
OH
CH3
CH3
RINGKASAN
LEUKOTRIEN
FOSFOLIPIT
ARACHIDONAT
CYCLO-OXIGENASE
FOSPOLIPASE
TOMBOXAN SYNTS
LIPOXIGNNASE
ENDO-PEROXIDA
Cox 1
TROMBOXAN A2
PROSTASIKLIN
TOMBOXAN SYNTS
Cox 2
PROTAGLANDIN
ADENYL CYCLASE
ATP
FOSFODIESTERASE
c-AMP
ADRENERGIKA
EFEK-EFEK ADRENERGIK
CONTOH ;
BRONCHODILATATOR,
VASODILATATOR
5-PAMP
TIDAK AKTIF
SENYAWA
PEMBULUH
PLATELET BRONKUS
DRAH
PROSTAGLANDIN E2
PELEBARAN
PROSTASIKLIN / PGI2
PELEBARAN
PROSTGLANDIN F2
PENYEMPITAN
TROMBOKSAN / TXA2
PENYEMPITAN PENGGRUNDU
LAN
RAHIM
PELEBARAN OKSITOSIK
PENGHAMBAT
PENGGRUNDU
LAN
PENYEMPITAN OKSITOSIK
PENGAMBAT PLATELET
I PENGHAMBAT TROMBOKSAN A2
1. ASET0SAL
2. DIPIRIDAMOL
3. TIKLOPIDIN
4. INDOBUFEN
5. CILOSTAZOL
6. PENTOKSIFILIN( TRENTAL) H
7. TRI FLUKSAL ( JUNI 2008)
8. TENOKSIKAM
II. PENGHAMBAT (MEMBLOK RESEPTOR)
ADP
SECARA SELEKTIF (KOMPLEK RESEPTOR)
KARENA ADP MERUPAKAN INDUKTOR
TERJADINYA PLATELET.(HAMPIR SEPERTI
TICLOPIDIN = TICLIC)
CONTOH;
PLAVIX ( CLOPIDOGREL)
O
OCH3
Cl
C
(S)
CH
N
C16H16ClNO2S
Exact Mass: 321.06
Mol. Wt.: 321.82
m/e:
C, 59.71; H, 5.01; Cl, 11.02; N, 4.35; O, 9.94; S, 9.96
NH2
NH2
N
O
-
P
O
O
O
N
-
ATP
OH
H
OH
O-
O-
O
H
Mg+
OH
H
OH
P
-
P
O
ADP
O
H
NH2
N
O
O
O-
NH2
O
-
OH
P
O
H
OH
O
O
-
Mg+
OH
H
OH
N
N
O
-
O
H
OH
AMP
OH
H
H
OH
ADENILAT
SIKLSAE
O
-
O
H
H
O
H
H
OH
N
N
O
O
Cl
Mg++
C
(S)
CH
N
KALAU DIMETABOLISME ?
COOCH3
H
C
COOCH3
- On
S -
Cl
S -
Cl
CLOPIDOGREL ( PRO-DRUG)
COOCH3
COOCH3
Cl
OH
N
S
O-
H
C
Cl
+
S
lanjut
dipirydamol
3. TICLOPIDIN ( TICLID).
DERIVAT TETRAHIDROPIRIDIN (1978)
MENGHAMBAT AGREGASI TROMBOSIT
KARENA DICETUSKAN OLEH ADP.
EFEK SAMPING : GANGGUAN SALURAN CERNA,
RUAM KULIT, DAN HEPATITIS (1982) DITARIK
DARI PEREDARAN DI BELANDA.
4. INDOBUFEN ( IBUSTRIN)
SENYAWA ASAM BITURAT (1995) DIGUNAKAN
SEBAGAI AGREGASI TROBOSIT DAN ANTI RADANG
DAN ANALGETIK
EFEK SAMPING GANGGUAN USUS,PERDARAHAN
HIDUNG DAN ALERGI.
MEKANISME TIKLOPIDID
prostasiklin
5.CILOSTAZOL
KERJA ADALAH SAMA NO 2 DAN 3
MENYEBABKAN VASODILATASI.
INDIKASI ; SAKIT ESKEMIA (ULKUS)
DAN DINGIN AKIBAT PENYUMBATAN
DARAH ARTERI KRONIS, PENCEGAHAN
INFARK OTAK .
K IND.PERDARAHAN DAN GAGAL JANTUNG
KONGESTI, KEHAMILAN.
EFEK SAMPING ;PALPITASI, RUAM, TAKIKARDIA
MUKA TERASA PANAS, SAKIT KEPALA, PUSING
SAKIT PERUT DAN MUNTAH.
6.PENTOKSOFILIN ( TRENTAL)
DERIVAT TEOFILIN INI (1972) BERKASIAT
SEBAGAI VASODILATASI, ANTI TROMBOSIT
DAN FIBRINOLISIS SERTA MEMPERBAIKI
KELENTURAN ERITROSIT
MEKANISME KERJA BERDASARKAN
PENGHAMBATAN FOSFODIESTERASE
SEHINGGA KADAR ATP DAN FOSPORILASI
PROTEIN MEMBRAN DARI ERITROSIT
MENINGKAT.
7. TRIFLUSAL
(GRENDIS PT SOLVSY PHARMA )
JUNI 2008
COOH
O
O
ACETOSAL
CH3
COOH
TRIFLUSAL ( GRENDIS)
O
F3C
CH3
CH2CH3
COOH
CH2CH2OH
N
CH2CH2OH
HOH2CH2C
N
N
HOH2CH2C
INDOBUFEN
CH
DIPIRIDAMOL (PERSANTIN)
N
H2
C
N
TICLOPIDIN (TIKLID)
N
Cl
CHCH2CH2CH2CH2COOH
HO
O
HC
C
H
H
C
OH
EPOPROSTENOL (FLOLAN)
C5H7
H
N
N
N
H2CH2CH2CH2CO
CiLOSTAZOL
PLETAL
6-[4-(1-CYCLOHEXIL-1H-TETRAZOL-5YL)BUTOXYL]-3,4-DIHYDRO2(1H)-QUINOLON.
PENTOKSOFILIN
(TRENTAL)
H2 H 2 H2 H2
H3 C C C C C C
O
O
CH3
N
N
N
CH3
O
HO
H
N
CH3
H2N
NH2
PARASETAMOL
SULOFONAMID
H2N
S
O2N
SO2CH3
O
N
N
OH
C
N
S
O2
N
CH3
HN
SULFOANILID
NIMESULIT
Log P: 2,44
Henry's Law: 2
CLogP: 2.489
CMR: 7.5163
CELECOIB
Log P: 3,85
MR: 87,56 [cm3/mol]
Henry's Law: 1,64
CLogP: 3.87301
CMR: 8.6809
CF3
sulfasalazin
lumiracoxib
->
<tenoxicam
H2
C
NH2
H2C
H3C
N
C
CH
N
ETIRACEPM
PIRACETAM
O
C
H2C
NH2
OCH3
NH2
N
O
HO
OXIRACETAM
ANIRACEPAM
H 3C
O
O
H2
C
C
H2C
O
S
NH
N
H
C
H2
PRAMIRAZEPAM
ROLZIRAZETYAM
H2
C
N
H
O
H2
C
O
H2
C
N
H
H
N
C
C
N
H
O
O
DUPRACEPAM
CH
CH3
HN
CH3
TENILSEPAM
CH3
CH
IMURACEPAM
3HC
SCoA
SCoA
CH3
OH
NH2
3HC
SCoA
SCoA
CH3
HN
C
OH
CH3
HN
C
O
CH3
3HC
O
OH
N
SCoA
3HC
O
C
R2
ENOL
O
O
N
TURUNAN 5-PIRAZOLIDINDION
CH3
SCoA
R2
HSCoA
CH3
R2
SCoA
OH
C
R2
R2
HO
ENOL
CH3
H 3C
CH
CH3
H3 C
H2
C
OH
CH
H 3C
H2
C
3HC
ENOLISASI
OH
H 3C
IBUPROVEN
OH
SCoA
CH 3
H 3C
CH
H 3C
H2
C
C
H 3C
C
O
O
C
H 3C
OH
CH
H 3C
H2
C
H 3C
CH3
SCoA
OH
OH
CH3
OH
H
O
CH3
ENOLISASI
3HC
OH
C
OH
SCoA
KETOPROFEN
H3 C
O
CH3
CH3
SCoA
OH
C
O
H 3C
C
OH
OH
Cl
Cl
NH
Cl
NH
Cl
OH
OH
3HC
ENOLISASI
Cl
OH
SCoA
DIKLOFENAK
Cl
NH
Cl
Cl
H
C
H3C
O
C
NH
H
SCoA
OH
C
H 3C
O
OH
OH
+ COSO
H
H3C
+ COSO
H
CH3
H3C
O
N
N
CH3
CH3
METABOLISME
CYTOCOMP450
H
H
+ COSO
H
2
H3C
CH3
N
N
OH
CH3
CH3
HO
HO
morphine
21 CH OH
2
20
19CH3
HO
18 CH
13
16
5
4
17
12
14
9 8
10
3
11
7
6
15
KORTIKOSTEROID