Chapter 12

The Age of Jackson (18241840)

The Election of
1824
The Election of 1824 had 4
candidates from the
Democratic-Republican party.
New England supported John
Quincy Adams
(Massachusetts)
South backed William
Crawford.
West supported Henry Clay
(Kentucky) and Andrew
Jackson (Tennessee).
In the Constitution, if no person
receive a majority of electoral
votes the House of
Representatives must choose
the President.

The Election of
1824
Andrew Jackson won the most
popular votes, but did not
receive a majority (more than
50%) of electoral votes.
Henry Clay fnished in fourth,
and gave his support to John
Quincy Adams.
John Quincy Adams became
President, and later named
Henry Clay Secretary of State.
Read Americas History Makers
(page 370)

The Election of
2000
Al Gore (50 million) received more
popular votes than George W. Bush
(49 million).
270 electoral votes were required
to win the Election of 2000.
George W. Bush got the required
270 electoral votes by winning a
close contested victory in Florida.
George W. Bushs younger brother,
Jeb Bush, was the Governor of
Florida in 2000.
In Bush v. Gore the Supreme Court
awarded Floridas electoral votes
to George W. Bush.

the
ion of 1824
After the Elect
acy
Democr
ian
son
Jack
Democratic-Republicans political party
split.
The Democrats were supporters of
Andrew Jackson.
The National Republicans supported
John Quincy Adams.
4 years later in the Election of 1828
Andrew Jackson won and became
President.
Jackson promised to spread political
power to all the people and ensure
majority rule, which became known as
Jacksonian democracy.
After Andrew Jackson became
President he replaced many
government ofcials with his
supporters in what is known as the
spoils system.
To the victor belong the spoils of the
enemy.

Changes in Ideas About Democracy

JEFFERSONIAN
JACKSONIAN
DEMOCRACY
DEMOCRACY
Government for the
Government by the
people by capable, well- people
educated leaders
Democracy in political
Democracy in social,
life
economic and political
life
Championed the cause
Championed the cause
of the farmer in a mainly of the farmer and the
agricultural society
laborer in an
agricultural and
industrial society
Limited government
Limited government,
but with a strong
president

Native Americans in
the Southeast

Sequoya invented a writing system

for the Cherokee language.
By the 1820s, about 100,000 Native
Americans lived east of the
Mississippi. The majority were in the
Southeast.
The major tribes were the Cherokee,
Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and
Seminole (known as the Five
Civilized Tribes).
Native Americans lived in large areas
of land in Georgia, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi,
and Tennessee.

Jacksons Removal
Policy
icans

Jackson believed Native Amer

had 2 choices:
1) Adopt white culture and
become U.S. citizens
2) Move into Western territories
In 1828, gold was discovered on
Cherokee land in Georgia.

In 1830, Congress passed the

Indian Removal Act, which
required Native Americans to sign
treaties to relocate west.
Native Americans were forced to
move to the Indian Territory, an
area of land that is present-day
Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska.

The Cherokee appealed to the

Supreme Court.

Trail of Tears

Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that

only the federal government could
make laws governing the Cherokees.

Georgia and President Jackson

ignored the Supreme Court. Jackson
said, John Marshall has made his
decisionNow let him enforce it.
In 1838, federal troops rounded up
about 16,000 Cherokees and forced
them into camps.
Over the fall and winter of 18381839 the Cherokee started a harsh
journey from their homeland to the
Indian Territory known as the Trail
of Tears.
(READ A VOICE FROM THE PAST
PAGE 377)

Confict Over States

Rights
3 main sections in the
U.S. when Andrew Jackson
became President.
1) Northeast
2) South
3) West
3 major economic issues
in the U.S.
4) Sale of public lands
5) Internal improvements
(roads and canals)
6) Tarifs

HATE IT, LIKE IT, LOVE IT

Northeast
Low land prices in
HATE IT
the West
Why?
Lose factory
workers that move
west for cheap
land
Internal
improvements
Why?

High tariffs
Why?

South
LIKE IT

West
LOVE IT

Moreplantations
would provide
moresupport for
slavery

More people
movingWest
would provide
more political
power
LOVE IT

LOVE IT

HATE IT

Good
transportation
madeit easier to
move food and raw
materials to the
Northeast
LOVE IT
Made American
manufactured
goods cheaper
than imported
goods

Projects were paid

for usingmoney
fromtariffs

HATE IT
Depended on
foreign trade with
a credit system

Good
transportation
made it easier to
move
manufactured
goods to the West.
LIKE IT
Sold moreraw
materials to
Northeast factories

Confict Over States

Rights the last month John Quincy

In 1828, in
Adams was President Congress raised
tarifs on raw materials and
manufactured goods.

The South hated the tarifs, and called

it the Tarif of Abominations.
John Calhoun from South Carolina,
Jacksons frst Vice President, said
that states had the right to nullify
(which means to reject) federal laws
that it considered unconstitutional,
which is known as doctrine of
nullifcation.
In the Election of 1832, Martin Van
Buren became Andrew Jacksons Vice
President.
In the Webster-Hayne debates
Daniel Webster from Massachusetts
argued for nationalism, and Robert
Hayne from South Carolina defended
nullifcation.

ic of
Pandent
and
ity
the Presi
e was
Pros
Biddl
lasper
Nicho
the Second Bank of the United
States, the most powerful bank in
the country.
Andrew Jackson did not like banks,
and forced the Second Bank to
close.
th
Martin Van Buren was elected the 8
President of the United States in
1836.

A few months after Van Buren

became President there was
widespread fear because people
could not exchange paper money for
gold or silver, this became known as
the Panic of 1837.
As a result of the Panic of 1837
banks defaulted (which means to go
out of business), followed by
infation and a depression.

Whig Party

Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and

other Jackson opponents formed
the Whig Party.
The Whig party mockingly called
Jackson King Andrew.
For the Election of 1840, the Whig
party chose William Henry Harrison
from Ohio to run for president and
John Tyler of Virginia to run as vicepresident.
William Henry Harrison won the
th
Election of 1840 to become the 9
President of the United States, but
died one month after inauguration.
th
John Tyler became the 10
President of the United States.