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MAGNETISM
Introduction
Every Electric charge has an electromagnetic field around it
The Electric part of that field is always present.
Take for instance a point charge q.
The magnetic field only appears if relative motion is present.
This means either the charge or the observer is moving.
Magnetic Fields
The electric field was denoted with an
The magnetic field is denoted with a
Magnetic Fields
We Now Know
Do charges in magnetic
fields experience magnetic
forces?
Which
Moving
Charge
Produces
Magnetic
Fields
Produces
Magnetic
Forces
Occurrence of force
Lets examine a point charge +q
When
is
anti-parallel
to B,
is no
force.
If
If vv moves
is vitparallel
perpendicular
to B, there
to
is isthere
no
B,no
there
force
is the
maximum possible force
When
isnt
moving,
there
force
+q
Occurrence of force
Lets examine a point charge +q when it moves at an angle.
Sin()
Sin()
+q
Example:
For which velocity would the charge experience a greater force. The
length of the arrow illustrates the magnitude of the speed in that
direction.
+q
Magnetic Fields
We now can tell that the velocity and the direction (sin()) will
be necessary to describe the force a charge feels in a
magnetic field.
F =
m
F .
We define B = qv sin()
Recall: g =
Where:
B = Magnitude of the magnetic field
F = Magnetic force on q
q = charge (magnitude)
v = velocity
= angle between v and B
F
q
Who is the unit
of the magnetic
field named
after?
Magnetic Forces
Rearranging we can find
F = qvBsin()
Now we have the magnitude of the Magnetic force, we just need to
find the direction
We will use a tool we are very familiar with to determine the
direction of the force
Our right hand!
Direction of F
Right Hand Rule:
Thumb points in the direction of V
Fingers Points in the direction of B
Palm Direction of the resulting F
Direction of F
Slap Positive charges and backhand the
negative ones!
Thumb
+q
B
+q
Example
Find the force acting on the given charge.
Example
Find the force acting a charge of 1.6 x 10-19 c moving at a speed
of 4.0 x 106 m/s into the page in a magnetic field of strength
0.25 T.
Example
Find the charge of a particle moving at a speed 2.3 x 107 m/s
[N] through a magnetic field of strength 0.20 T oriented toward
the ground experiencing a force of 1.472 x 10-12 N [W]
v
F
The End
Homework worksheet 1