Huff 1

Kaylan Huff
English 1010d-03
Nov. 21 2015
Essay Number 4 outline

Save the Animals Outline

I.

Introduction of the problem or topic. (Save the Animals!)

A. Material to get the reader's attention (a "hook")- Each year, more than 100
million animalsincluding mice, rats, frogs, dogs, cats, rabbits,
hamsters, guinea pigs, monkeys, fish, and birdsare killed in U.S.
laboratories for biology lessons, medical training, curiosity-driven
experimentation, and chemical, drug, food, and cosmetics testing.
B. Introduce the problem or topic Animal testing is a major problem that many
companies fail to notice when testing their products.
C. Introduce your claim or thesis with accompanying qualifiers that limit the
scope of your argument, narrowing the topic to a manageable length, and
states your position on the issue/topic. For multiple decades animals have been
testing the safety of products, however animal testing is unnecessary, ineffective,
and is supported by our own foundations.

II. Reason #1 (What makes this reason relevant? Is it a good reason?)

A. Topic Sentence Animal testing is completely unnecessary, and testing can
be used in alternative ways.
1. What makes this reason relevant? Ask the readers why use animals if it
is unnecessary.
2. What makes this reason effective? Give examples of alternative testing
products. (computers, synthetics, etc.)
B. Transition to research- Refer to save the animals website for research. Written
by heather dunnuck
C. Research
1. Is this evidence sufficient? yes
2. Is this evidence credible? yes
3. Is this evidence accurate? yes
D. Draw conclusions/inferences- There are plenty of ways to avoid the use of
testing on animals.
1. How does the research support this reason? Because it shows readers
proof of other alternatives.
2. And how does this reason support your thesis/claim? Harmful to
animals.
E. Transition to next paragraph Not only is animal testing unnecessary, however
it is very ineffective.
III. Reason #2 (Is this reason relevant? Is it a good reason?)

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A. Topic Sentence The majority of animal testing does not improve human
health.
1. What makes this reason relevant?
2. What makes this reason effective?
B. Transition to research refer to pew research center poll evidence. Article
written by Francis S. Collins
C. Research
1. Is this evidence sufficient? Yes
2. Is this evidence credible? yes
3. Is this evidence accurate? yes
D. Draw conclusions/inferences Refer to first paragraph (why test on animals if it
is less than 50 percent effective)
1. How does the research support this reason? Shows readers how
unreliable animal testing is.
2. And how does this reason support your thesis/claim? The majority is
ineffective, as stated in thesis.
E. Transition to next paragraph Not only is animal testing unreliable and
unnecessary, however the funding and accountability of animal testing is very
questionable.
IV. Reason #3 (Is this reason relevant? Is it a good reason?)
A. Topic Sentence The funding and accountability for animal testing is
funded through many ways people may or may not be aware about.
1. What makes this reason relevant? Taxes, charitable donations,
purchase of lottery tickets, consumer products
2. What makes this reason effective? People knowingly and unknowingly
are funding this harm to animals.
B. Transition to research refer to freedom of information act research on
government laws
C. Research
1. Is this evidence sufficient? yes
2. Is this evidence credible? yes
3. Is this evidence accurate? yes
D. Draw conclusions/inferences hiding the funding for animal experimentation
for a reason
1. How does the research support this reason? Shows readers how vague
the world makes animal testing seem to be.
2. And how does this reason support your thesis/claim? Refers to thesis
E. Transition to next paragraph Even though there are many reasons against
animal testing many people still argue for animal testing.
V. Objections and Rebuttals
A. Topic Sentence Many critics argue the necessities of animal testing. Animal
testing has helped find cures for multiple diseases.

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B. Objection #1GBManaggressivetumorthatkillsabout12,000peopleintheU.S.eachyear
issavingthelivesofpatientswho,justmonthsago,hadlittlehopeofsurvival.This
extraordinarydevelopmentwouldnthavebeenpossiblewithoutanimalresearch.
C. Rebuttal to Objection #1-unecessary to rely on animals.
D. Objection #2-animalresearchhashelpedpavethewaytowardrestoringvision.
E. Rebuttal to Objection #2-animalmodelsrarelyleadtodiscoveriesthatarerelevantto
humans.Itsundeniablethathumanphysiologydiffersfromthatofmiceormonkeys.
F. Draw conclusions/inferences- all federally funded research is paid for with tax dollars.
NIH needs to hear that you dont want your tax dollars used to underwrite animal
experiments, regardless of their purpose.
G. Transition to next paragraph- Funding for biomedical research should be redirected into
the use of epidemiological, clinical, in vitro, and computer-modeling studies instead of
cruel and crude experiments on animals.
Research Article written by Frankie L. Trull.
VI. Conclusion
A. Refer to your introduction- Despite the countless animals killed each
year in laboratories worldwide, most countries have grossly inadequate
regulatory measures in place to protect animals from suffering and
distress or to prevent them from being used when a non-animal
approach is readily available.
B. Implications of the argument, summation of points, or final evocative thought
to ensure the reader remembers the argument. Tell readers how they can help
the situation.
C. Re-state thesis- For multiple decades animals have been testing the safety of
products, however animal testing is unnecessary, ineffective, and is supported
by our own foundations.
D. Reiterate importance/significance of your claim and position. Many animals
can be helped from these situations, help the world become more aware and
vocal!