Math329:CollegeGeometry

Notesfor:Wednesday,December2,2015
Writer:RoxanaTinoco
Reader:StephanieTorres

Warmup:Whathappenstoaliney=mx+bunderdilation?
f(x,y)=(kx,ky),k
>0?
Thelinewouldtranslate.
Thelineisparallelto
y=mx+b.
Theslopestaysthesame.

Answer:Underdilationlinesgotoparallellines.

SimilarFigures

Howdowedecideiftwogivenfiguresaresimilar?
2figuresaresimilarifthereisasimilaritytransformation
mappingonetotheother.Asimilaritytransformationisa
compositionofrigidtransformationsandadilation.

Translationctoc
Dilation(x,y)k(x,y)
k=(r
/r
)
1
2
Note:r
r
1
2
r
(r
/r)
1
2

Similarbyasingledilation.

Inclassactivity
Activity:4.5.1Wearesimilar,canyoutell?
Tableswereaskedtodrawdifferentcircleswithdifferentradii,andshowthattheircircleswere
similar.

Secondpartofactivity:showthatparabolasaresimilar.
Recall:Parabolawithvertex(h,k)andleadingcoefficienta,
2
y=a(xh)
+k,Vertexformula
2
y=ax
+bx+cbycompletingthesquarewegetthevertexformula.

Conclusion
Parabolasaresimilar!
Itismindblowingandsoobviousifyouthinkabouttransformationsoffunctions.
Gofromoneparabolatoanotherparabolausingsimilaritytransformations.

 Easierwayistomovetheparabolastothevertexpoint.Makethemoverlapeachother.

Howdowefigurethepointofdilationonaparabola?

Thepointofdilationisthevertex.

Howdodilationsworkinfunctions?
Dilation:f(x,y)=(kx,ky),k
>0
suppose:y=g(x),wherewouldthisgo?
Whathappenstoy=g(x)under
f(x,y)=(
kx
,
ky
)?
kx
=horizontaldilation
ky
=verticaldilation

Sidework:
2
Takey=x

f(x,y)=(2x,2y)dilation
image

Whatishappening?
(x,y)isgoingto(x,y)
x=2xx=x
y=2yyy

Work:
y=g(x)
y=g(x)
y=
2g
(
x
)
2g
=k
x
=(1/k)
Newequationunderdilation:y=2g(x)
y=g(x)(similarto)y=kg((1/k)x)


2
2
Therefore,y=x
issimilartoy=(1/k)x

Iftwoparabolasareapartfromeachother,theirverticesaredifferent,thenonecandoaseriesof
isometriesandtakebothverticestotheorigin.

Whatistounderstand?

y=x
issimilartoy=ax
byk=|1/a|.

Inclassexercise
2
Whatisthevalueofkforwhichthedilationwithscalefactorkmapsthegraphofy=x
intothe
2
graphofy=5x
?
Answer:k=

GeometricDefinitionofParabola:
2
AllpointsinR
atanequaldistancefromfocus(0,b)andthelinecalleddirectrix,iscalleda
parabola.

Itworksforanyfociandanyline.

Question
Canyouderivetheequationofaparabolaknowingthegeometricdefinition?

2
Geometricdefinitionofaparabola:AllpointsinR
atanequaldistancefromfocus(0,b)andline
(calleddirectrix)iscalledaparabola.

Canyouderivetheequationoftheparabolaknowingthegeometricdefinition?

DistanceofFC=

x + (y b)
2

DistanceofCP=y+
l

( x2 + (y b)2
)2

=y+
l

2
2
2
x2 +y
2hy+h
=y
+2
l
y+
l2

2
2
2
x
2hy+h
=2
l
y+
l

2
2 2
x
+h

l
=2
l
y+2hy
2
2 2
x
+h

l
=y(2
l
+2h)

OtherimportantFunctions...Somethingtothinkabout
Whenarelinearfunctionssimilar?
Whenareexponentialfunctionssimilar?
Howsimilaritycanbethoughtofintermsoffunctions?