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    Skeletal muscle connects to the skeleton, to form part of the mechanical system, giving the ability to move limbs throughout the entire body. In 1864, Kuhne discovered the myosin protein and that the skeletal muscle is made up of hundreds, or even thousands, of muscle fibers bundled together and wrapped in a connective tissue covering. The following labs were conducted showed the effect of ATP on rabbit muscle fibers and fatigue by continuous and repetitive muscle contraction.

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    Skeletal muscle connects to the skeleton, to form part of the mechanical system, giving the ability to move limbs throughout the entire body. In 1864, Kuhne discovered the myosin protein and that the skeletal muscle is made up of hundreds, or even thousands, of muscle fibers bundled together and wrapped in a connective tissue covering. The following labs were conducted showed the effect of ATP on rabbit muscle fibers and fatigue by continuous and repetitive muscle contraction.

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    51 views4 pages

    Skeletalmusclesystemlabreport

    Uploaded by

    api-299906964
    Skeletal muscle connects to the skeleton, to form part of the mechanical system, giving the ability to move limbs throughout the entire body. In 1864, Kuhne discovered the myosin protein and that the skeletal muscle is made up of hundreds, or even thousands, of muscle fibers bundled together and wrapped in a connective tissue covering. The following labs were conducted showed the effect of ATP on rabbit muscle fibers and fatigue by continuous and repetitive muscle contraction.

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    of 4

    HillaryGonzalez

    SkeletalMuscleLabReport
    Anatomy2ndLafferty
    112315

    Skeletalmuscleconnectstotheskeleton,toformpartofthemechanicalsystem,givingtheabilityto
    movelimbsthroughouttheentirebody.
    In1864,Kuhnediscoveredthemyosinproteinandthatthe
    skeletalmuscleismadeupofhundreds,oreventhousands,ofmusclefibersbundledtogetherand
    wrappedinaconnectivetissuecovering.Musclecontractionsofthosethousandsofmusclefiberswere
    studiedbyfourmajorscientiststhroughouthistoryAndrewF.Huxley,RolfNiedergerke,HughHuxley
    andJeanHansonin1954theyfoundthatATPcausedactinandmyosintoslideacrosseachotherasthe
    skeletalmusclecontractionoccurred.AngeloMossointhelate1800sworkedwithphysiologistsWilhelm
    Ludwig,DuBoisReymond,HugoKronecker,andEtienneMareytoconductresearchonmusclefatigue
    usingmuscletracings.Applyingknowledgeofskeletalmusclestructure,contraction,andfatiguethe
    followinglabswereconductedshowedtheeffectofATPonrabbitmusclefibersandfatigueby
    continuousandrepetitivemusclecontraction.

    Part1:SkeletalMuscleStructure
    Figure1.
    Askeletalmuscleiscomposedofavarietyoftissues,includinglayersofofconnectivetissue.
    Fasciacoversthesurfaceofthemuscle,epimysiumliesbeneaththefascia,andtheperimysiumisthe
    connectivetissuethatextendsfromtheepimysiumandunconnectsthemuscletissueintosmaller
    structures..Endomysiumseparatesindividualfibers.Insidethesesectionsarebundlesthatcontainskeletal
    musclefiberswhichareknownasfascicles.Everymusclefiberthatisinsideafasciclelieswithinalayer
    ofconnectivetissueintheconfigurationofacoveringthatisthin,knownasendomysium.Myofibrilsplay
    anessentialroleinthemechanismofmusclecontraction.Myofibrilsareconsistedoftwoprotein
    filaments.Thickfilamentsarecomposedoftheproteinmyosin.Thinfilamentsarecomposedofactin.

    Part2:MuscleContraction

    Figure2.
    (Left)&
    Figure3
    (Right)
    Figure2isarabbitmusclebeforeATP.(longerandthinner)Figure3isarabbitmuscleafter
    ATPhasbeenadded.(shorterandthicker)

    Figure4.
    Figure5.

    Figures24:
    Thedifferencebetween
    Figure2andFigure3isthatthefibers
    becameshorterandwiderinFigure3when
    ATPwasaddedbecauseofthesliding
    filamenttheory.Whencalciumion
    concentrationrises,bindingsitesonactin
    filamentsopen,andmyosinheadsattach,
    formingcrossingbridges,Whenforming
    thesebridgesspringfromthecocked
    positionandpullonactin
    filament.EventuallyATPbindstothe
    bridge,releasingactinfilament.ATP
    providesenergyfortheunattachedmyosinheads.AslongasATPispresentthecyclewillcontinue.
    Figure5:
    Abargraphrepresentingthecontractionpercentagedifferencesbetweenthebeforeandafter
    lengthsandwidths.

    Part3:MuscleFatigue

    Figure69:
    MeasuredmaximumforceinNewtonsoveratimespanof90secondsdoingbothacontinuousgripanda
    repetitivegrip.Overtimenoticedthattheforceaveragewasdecreasing,untilencouragedbyoneanother
    togripharder.Amuscleexercisedpersistentlyforaprolongedperiodmayloseitsabilitytocontract,a
    conditioncalledfatigue.Fatiguecanbecausedbydecreasedbloodflow,ionimbalancesacrossthe
    sarcolemmafromrepeatedstimulation,andpsychologiclossofthedesiretocontinueanexercise.Muscle
    fatigueismorethanlikelytoappearfromatleastinpartfromaccumulationofhydrogenionsduetolactic
    acidformationinthemusclefromanaerobicATPproduction.Howquicklythishappensvariesamong
    individuals,althoughpeoplewhoregularlyexerciseaerobicallyproducelesslacticacidthanthosewhodo
    not.Slowtwitchfibersarealwaysoxidativeandarethereforeresistanttofatigue.Fasttwitchfibersmay
    beprimarilyglycolyticorprimarilyoxidative.Fasttwitchglycolyticfibersarealsocalledwhitefibers
    becausetheyhavelessmyoglobinandhavepoorerbloodsupplythanredfibers.Thesefibershavefewer
    mitochondriaandthushaveareducedrespiratorycapacity.However,theyhaveamoreextensive
    sarcoplasmicreticulumtostoreandreabsorbcalciumions,andtheATPandthebiochemicalsto
    regenerateATParedepleted.

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